apuntesservidores-120919114655-phpapp02.pdf

ADMINISTRACION DE SERVIDORES DE INTERNET UMSS

Grupo2 Univ.FranklinAndradeBarrionuevo Pgina1

ADMINISTRACION DE SERVIDORES DE INTERNET LIC. YONY RICHARD MONTOYA BURGOS

LABORATORIO LINUX II/2009 Prefacio: la implementacin esta realizada solo en equipo, supongo que su tarjeta de red est bien configurado 1. DNS INSTALACION #tar xvfoz bind-9.6.1-P1.tar.gz #cd bind-9.6.1-P1/ #./configure #make #make install CONFIGURACION Vamos ha crear un : www.redes.com #cp named.conf /etc/ -----------------> copiar zonas #mkdir /var/named -------------------->crear directorio #cd /var/named/---------------------->aqui las archivo BD de cada zonas redes.com.dns ------------------->resolucion Directa inv.x.168.192.in-addr.arpa ------>resolucion inversa root.cache----------------------->dominio de primer nivel #named -------------------------> iniciar proceso #ps -edf | grep named--------------> ver si el proceso esta ejecutado #pkill -9 named ----------------> eliminar el proceso #tail -10 /var/log/messages----> muestra los errores #gedit /etc/named.conf & #vi /var/named/redes.com.dns #vi /var/named/inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa FORMAS DE CONFIGURACION DE UN DNS PRIMARIO #gedit /etc/named.conf & options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "named.pid"; allow-query { any; } ; // query-source address * port 53; // forwarders{ 200.12.15.25;}; }; zone "redes.com" IN { type master; file "redes.com.dns"; }; zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "root.cache"; };



#vi /var/named/redes.com.dns $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; redes.com IN SOA laboredes5. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) NS laboredes5. MX 10 mail.redes.com. $ORIGIN redes.com. laboredes5 A 192.168.100.23 mail A 192.168.100.24 ;lab NS laboredes4.lab laboredes4.lab A 192.168.100.25 ;Delegacion www CNAME laboredes5 #vi /var/named/inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa $TTL 3600 @ IN SOA laboredes5. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) @ IN NS laboredes5. 23 IN PTR laboredes5.redes.com. 24 IN PTR mail.redes.com. 19 IN PTR laboredes7.lab.redes.com. ; delegacion SECUNDARIO #gedit /etc/named.conf & options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "named.pid"; allow-query { any; } ; // query-source address * port 53; // forwarders{ 200.12.15.25;}; }; zone "redes.com" IN { type slave; file "redes.com.dns"; masters {192.168.100.23;}; }; zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type slave; file "inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; masters {192.168.100.23;}; };



zone "." in { type hint; file "root.cache"; }; #vi /var/named/redes.com.dns $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; redes.com IN SOA laboredes7. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) NS laboredes7. MX 10 mail.redes.com. $ORIGIN redes.com. laboredes7 A 192.168.100.19 mail A 192.168.100.20 www CNAME laboredes7 #vi /var/named/inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa $TTL 3600; @ IN SOA laboredes7. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) @ IN NS laboredes7. 19 IN PTR laboredes7.redes.com. 20 IN PTR mail.redes.com. SUBDOMINIO #gedit /etc/named.conf & options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "named.pid"; allow-query { any; } ; // query-source address * port 53; // forwarders{ 200.12.15.25;}; }; zone "lab.redes.com" IN { type master; file "lab.redes.com.dns"; }; zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master;



file "inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "root.cache"; }; #vi /var/named/lab.redes.com.dns $ORIGIN redes.com. $TTL 3600 ; (1 hour) lab IN SOA laboredes4. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) NS laboredes4. MX 10 mail.lab. $ORIGIN lab.redes.com. laboredes4 A 192.168.100.19 mail A 192.168.100.20 www CNAME laboredes4 #vi /var/named/inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa $TTL 3600 @ IN SOA laboredes4. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) @ IN NS laboredes4. 25 IN PTR laboredes4.lab.redes.com. 26 IN PTR mail.lab.redes.com.



2. RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service - RADIUS # tar xvfoz freeradius.tar.gz # cd freeradius-server-2.1.7/ # ./configure # make # make install #radiusd--------------------------------->ejecutable #radiusd -X ----------------------------->para que muestre inf. depuracion #cd /usr/local/etc/raddb/--------------->Configuraciones radiusd.conf------------->para puertos users ----------------> para usuarios client.conf-------------> para clientes PUERTOS Authentication------------------->1812/1645 Autoritation and Accounting------>1813/1646 El cliente escucha en ----------->8020 #vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/radiusd.conf ;modificamos los puertos de autenticacion, autorizacion y contabilidad #autorizacion cuando puerto es 0 : 1812/1813 listen { type = auth ipaddr = * port = 1645 } listen { type = auth ipaddr = * port = 1812 } #acceso y cuenta listen { type = acct ipaddr = * port = 1646 } listen { type = acct ipaddr = * port = 1813 } # radiusd -X ------------------>para ver los puertos #vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/client.conf agregar estas lineas al fichero, para el cliente client 192.168.100.20 { secret = cliente123 shortname = cliente } #vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/users # para los usuarios



user1 Cleartext-Password := "user1" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.20, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-Filter-Id = "std.ppp", Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP user2 Cleartext-Password := "user2" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.20, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-Filter-Id = "std.ppp", Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP # IP-Address sera la direccion del servidor cliente Auth-Type := Local, User-Password == "cliente1" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.50, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP DEFAULT Service-Type == Framed-User Framed-IP-Address = 255.255.255.254, Framed-MTU = 576, Service-Type = Framed-User, Fall-Through = Yes DEFAULT Framed-Protocol == PPP Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobson-TCP-IP #radiusd -X CONFIGURACION DE CLIENTE RADIUS (TESTING) radlogin.exe El cliente escucha en el puerto 8020 Ejemplo: en el Browser (explorador: mozilla o internet explorer) URL: http://localhost:8020 1.- REGISTRAR CLIENTE RADIUS servers (Add) Server Address: ip_servidor radius Shared Secret : secret del cliente en client.conf ingresar los puertos de: Auth port: ? 1645/1812 Acct port: ? 1646/1813 Continuar 2.- REGISTRAR USUARIO Ingresar a: Radlogin registrar parametros



servidor radius tipo AAA usuario contrasea RADLOGIN EN LINUX Instalacion # tar -zxf radlogin4_linux.tar.gz # ./install.pl # precionar "c" despues ENTER # cd /usr/local/radius/ # ./radlogin



3. WEB APACHE INSTALACION # tar xvfoz httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.2.14 # ./configure # make # make install CONFIGURACION #cd /usr/local/apache2/conf/ httpd.conf--------------------> archivo de configuracion #cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/---->dir. donde esta el *.html #cd /usr/local/apache2/modules/---> estan los modules *.c #gedit /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf & ver los puertos donde escucha #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 -----------> en que puerto va escuchar Listen 80 #ServerName 192.168.100.1:80----> en que direccion estara ServerName www.redes.com:80 #/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ----->iniciar web #pkill -9 httpd ---------------------->matar proceso MODULO DE AUTENTIFICACION //EN RADIUS #vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/radiusd.conf #comentario: se debe configurar los puertos donde escuchara el servidor radius listen { ipaddr = * port = 1645 type = auth # ipv6addr = :: # any. ::1 == localhost # interface = eth0 # clients = per_socket_clients } listen { ipaddr = * port = 1812 type = auth # ipv6addr = :: # any. ::1 == localhost # interface = eth0 # clients = per_socket_clients } listen { ipaddr = * port = 1646 type = acct # ipv6addr = :: # any. ::1 == localhost # interface = eth0 # clients = per_socket_clients } listen {



ipaddr = * port = 1813 type = acct # ipv6addr = :: # any. ::1 == localhost # interface = eth0 # clients = per_socket_clients } #vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/clients.conf #comentario: el ip debe ser del cliente o sea RADLOGIN client 192.168.100.2 { secret = testing123 shortname = cliente } #vi /usr/local/etc/raddb/users user1 Cleartext-Password := "user1" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.20, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-Filter-Id = "std.ppp", Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP user2 Auth-Type := PAP, Cleartext-Password := "user2" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.23, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP user3 Auth-Type := Local, Cleartext-Password := "user3" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.50, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-Filter-Id = "std.ppp", Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP cliente Auth-Type := Local, User-Password == "cliente123" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 192.168.100.50, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, Framed-Routing = Broadcast-Listen, Framed-MTU = 1500, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobsen-TCP-IP DEFAULT Service-Type == Framed-User Framed-IP-Address = 255.255.255.254, Framed-MTU = 576, Service-Type = Framed-User, Fall-Through = Yes DEFAULT Framed-Protocol == PPP



Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-Compression = Van-Jacobson-TCP-IP //EN WEB #mv mod_auth_radius-2.0.c mod_auth_radius.c---->cambiar de nombre #/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs -c -a mod_auth_radius.c #/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs -c mod_auth_radius.c #/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs -i mod_auth_radius #cd /usr/local/apache2/modules/----->ver si esta instalado #/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop CONFIGURACION #gedit /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf & Listen 192.168.100.50:80 ServerName www.labredes.com:80 DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs" # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so LoadModule radius_auth_module modules/mod_auth_radius.so #LoadModule radius_auth_module libexec/mod_auth_radius.so # Loque esta definido en Radius clients.conf: secret=? AddRadiusAuth localhost:1812 testing123 5:3 AddRadiusCookieValid 5 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all AuthType Basic AuthName "Autenticacion con Radius" AuthBasicProvider radius AuthRadiusCookieValid 5 AuthRadiusActive On require valid-user Nota: vemos que se agrega nuevo directorio en "Location" #cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ #mkdir htdocs/admin #cp index.html htdocs/admin/



4. CORREO SERVIDOR DE CORREO - SENDMAIL - SMTP TCP:25 INSTALACION DE SENDMAIL # tar xvfoz sendmail-18.4.3.tar.gz Creamos los directorios para la guardar las ayudas, antes de instalar # mkdir /usr/man # mkdir /usr/man/man1 # mkdir /usr/man/man5 # mkdir /usr/man/man8 # cd sendmail-18.4.3/ # cd sendmail/ # ./Build # ./Build install # cd ../cf/cf/ ---------------->creamos los macros # cp generic-linux.mc sendmail.mc # gedit sendmail.mc & # ./Build sendmail.cf----> creamos un archivo conf # gedit sendmail.cf & # ./Build install-cf Verficar la instalacion en el Directorio /etc/mail sendmail.cf submit.cf Nota: los demonios estan en-----> #/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd #/usr/sbin/sendmail -q10 # sendmail -bd ----------->para iniciar el demonio # sendmail -10q ---------->para habilitar cola de correos Creamos archivo nombres de dominio # touch /etc/mail/local-host-names # gedit /etc/mail/local-host-names & 192.168.100.23 redes.com ---->colocar a los dominios que va escuchar # ps -edf | grep sendmail # mailq -------------> para ver correos en cola # tail -100 /var/log/maillog # kill HUP pID --------> reiniciar el proceso SENDMAIL # mkdir /var/spool/mqueue/ ---->creamos dir de colas # cd /etc/mail/ # touch aliases -------------->creamos los alias # newaliases # ls -l /var/mail/ ----> para ver los correos x user # more /var/mail/root ---> vemos los correos de root # mailq # /usr/sbin/sendmail # ls -l /var/spool/mqueue # cat /dev/null > /var/log/maillog



# sendmail -bd -q10 --> iniciamos sendmail con tiempo de envio 10 en la cola # ls -l /var/spool/mail ---->los contenidos de los mensajes de los usuarios PRUEBA DE ENVIAR CORREO # telnet localhost 25 helo laboredes5.redes.com mail from:[email protected] rcpt to:[email protected] data aqui el mensaje de texto, y con un punto se finaliza . quit ---->para salir Nota: si el dominio se conoce entonces funciona, no intereza el usuario Ejemplo: helo mail.redes.com mail from: [email protected] rcpt to:[email protected] data Esto es un ejemplo . quit SMTP para grupo -INSTALAR makemap # cd ..../sendmail-18.4.3/ # cd makemap/ # ./Build # ./Build install # cd ..../sendmail-18.4.3/ -----> go in install sendamil # cd /cf/cf/ # cat /dev/null > /var/log/maillog # gedit sendmail.mc & . . OSTYPE(linux)dnl DOMAIN(generic)dnl FEATURE(access_db,`hash -T /etc/mail/access')dnl MAILER(local)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl . . # ./Build sendmail.cf # ./Build install-cf # cd /etc/mail/ # touch access # makemap hash access > access.db # precionar CTROL+C Prueba que funciona todo bien Primero Crear un nuevo usuario System->Administratio->User and Groups-> Add User-> agregamos usuario y password por ejemplo en Fedora:



User Name: kenivel User Full: kenivel Password: 123456 Confirm Pasword:123456 # telnet localhost 25 helo mail.redes.com -------> es supesto dominio de correo mail from:[email protected] rcpt to:[email protected] data Este mensaje es depues de access_db . quit ---->para salir Nota: se debe revizar que el mensaje se ha creado # more /var/mail/kenivel 4.1. POP3 - POP3 TCP:110 saca toda la informacion del la DB Caracteristicas: # pooper ------------------------->es el demonio # tail -10 /var/log/messages ------>para ver los logs # tail -100 /var/log/maillog ------>para ver los logs INSTALACION # cd /root/Download/ # tar xvfoz qpopper4.0.19.tar.gz # cd qpopper4.0.19 # ./configure # make # make install # popper ----> hacemos correr y no responde # ps -edf | grep popper ---> se ve que no corre # cd popper/ # ./popper --h # ./popper -s -d ---------->iniciamos el medio socket # cd .. # ps -edf | grep popper --->no tiene # tail -100 /var/log/maillog # make distclean # make clean # ./configure --help Debemos habilar algunas opciones, luego instalamos # ./configure --enable-servermode # make # make install Ver que socket se ejecuta en forma recursiva # tail -100 /var/log/maillog # pkill -9 popper # make realclean # make clean # ./configure --enable-standalone --enable-especialauth # make # make install



# popper Verificar que funciona # tail -10 /var/log/messages # tail -100 /var/log/maillog CLIENTE POP3 (OUTLOOK) Agregar al usuario cliente para correo en DNS mipc A 192.168.100.2 ; de donde el usr ingresar #named # sendmail -bd # sendmail -q10 # pooper Verificar que el socket y dir de cliente esta ok! # tail -100 /var/log/maillog # netstat -a # pkill -9 popper -->eliminar servicio # popper ------------>iniciar servicio # ps -edf | grep popper Ejemplo: # telnet localhost 110 user ---->ingresar al usuario pass ----->ingresar password quit ------------> salir PRUEBA DE OUTLOOK Registrar: usuario Servidor(POP3 o IMAP): Servidot (SMTP): 4.2. IMAP INSTALACION # cd /root/Download/ # tar xvfoz imap.tar.Z # cd imap-2007e/ # more Makefile # make lnx # make slx # make snx # make lfd # ./imapd/imapd a login curso curso a logout # make clean Esto si funciona (lo dems es prueba) # make slx SSLTYPE=none continuar con "y" # make install # cd imapd/ # ./imapd a curso curso a create correo a logout ver el correo creado



# cd /home/curso/ # ls -l Acceso directo a imapd # cd /root/Download/imap-2007e/ # cd imapd/ # cp imapd /usr/local/sbin/ # cd /home/curso/ # imapd a login curso curso a delete correo a logout # netstat -a| more # telnet localhost 143 # tail -f /var/log/maillog



5. VIRTUAL HOSTING VIRTUAL HOSTING // EN DNS #gedit /etc/named.conf & options { directory "/var/named"; pid-file "named.pid"; allow-query { any; } ; // query-source address * port 53; // forwarders{ 200.12.15.25;}; }; zone "dominio1.com" IN { type master; file "dominio1.com.dns"; }; zone "dominio2.com" IN { type master; file "dominio2.com.dns"; }; zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; }; zone "." in { type hint; file "root.cache"; }; #gedit /var/named/dominio1.com.dns & $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; dominio1.com IN SOA laboredes5. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) NS laboredes5. MX 10 mail.dominio1.com. $ORIGIN dominio1.com. laboredes5 A 192.168.100.23 mail A 192.168.100.24 www CNAME laboredes5 #gedit /var/named/dominio2.com.dns & $ORIGIN . $TTL 3600 ; dominio2.com IN SOA laboredes5. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day)



3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) NS laboredes5. MX 10 mail.dominio2.com. $ORIGIN dominio2.com. laboredes5 A 192.168.100.23 mail A 192.168.100.24 www CNAME laboredes5 #vi /var/named/inv.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa $TTL 3600 @ IN SOA laboredes5. hostmaster. ( 1 ; serial 900 ; refresh (15 minutes) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 3600 ; minimum (1 hour) Cache TTL ) @ IN NS laboredes5. 23 IN PTR laboredes5.redes.com. 24 IN PTR mail.redes.com. //EN WEB # /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop Modificar la opcion de virtual host # cd /usr/local/apache2/conf/ # gedit httpd.conf & Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all #Copiar para el dominio 2 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all # Virtual hosts (debe que dar asi) Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf Para virtual hosting # cd /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/ # gedit httpd-vhosts.conf & NameVirtualHost *:80 # # ServerAdmin [email protected] Directorio de paginas web



# DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/docs/dummy-host.example.com" Nombre de acceso a la pagina # ServerName dummy-host.example.com # ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com Directorio de Archivos de log # ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log" # CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common # #para el dominio 2 DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/dominio1" ServerName www.dominio1.com ErrorLog "logs/dominio1-error_log" CustomLog "logs/dominio1-access_log" common DirectoryIndex index.ini AddType text/html .ini # para el dominio 2 se debe cambiar DocumentRoot "/root/dominio2" ServerName www.dominio2.com ErrorLog "logs/dominio2-error_log" CustomLog "logs/dominio2-access_log" common Crear los directorios de las paginas # cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs # mkdir dominio1 # mkdir /root/dominio2 Asignar permiso al directorio rootDe drwxr-x--- a drwxr-xr-x 1-(x ejecucion) 2 (w escritura) 4(r lectura) # chmod -R 755 /root/ # cp index.ini dominio1/ # cp index.html /root/dominio2/ # gedit dominio1/index.ini & Mi dominio es: www.dominio1.com It works! # gedit /root/dominio2/index.html & Mi dominio es: www.dominio2.com Esta en /root/dominio2



It works! # cd .. # ./bin/apachectl start # ls -l logs/ --->ver los logs de virtuales # tail -20 /usr/local/apache2/logs/dominio1-error_log // EN SENDMAIL # pkill -9 sendmail # cd /root/Download/sendmail4/sendmail-18.4.3/cf/cf/ # gedit sendmail.mc & . . OSTYPE(linux)dnl DOMAIN(generic)dnl FEATURE(virtusertable,`hash /etc/mail/virtusertable')dnl FEATURE(access_db,`hash -T /etc/mail/access')dnl MAILER(local)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl . . # ./Build sendmail.cf # ./Build install-cf # cd /etc/mail/ # touch virtusertable # gedit virtusertable & Comentario: mapear ORIGEN-DESTINO REDIRECION [email protected] curso @dominio2.com curso [email protected] root [email protected] root @hotmail.com root # tail -f /var/log/maillog # mailq # makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable/ < /etc/mail/virtusertable # more /var/mail/curso ---->ver correo Probar enviando mensajes..... # named # sendmail -bd # sendmail -q10 #

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apuntesservidores-120919114655-phpapp02.pdf