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1
April2010 thedeathofBritishStandards
DrAndrewBond(Geocentrix)
Outlineoftalk
WhathappensinApril2010? Whatwelose Whatwegain Technicaldifferences(structural) Technicaldifferences(geotechnical) Whathelpisthere? Conclusion
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 2
2
WhathappensinApril2010?
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
Eurocodes arecoming.Areyouready?
TheEurocodes andtheirNationalAnnexeswillreplaceexistingBritishStandardsinMarch2010.Theirusewill
bemandatoryforallpublicbuildingsandrecommendedforprivatebuildingsfromthisdate
IntroductiontoBSIsconferenceonPreparingforEurocodes managingthechange
October2009
AccordingtoaBSIsurveyinJune2009:over30%oftheconstructionsectorarealreadyusingEurocodes
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 4
3
HighwaysAgencyEurocodes strategy
TheuseofcurrentNationalStandardswillti t b itt d til BSI ithdcontinuetobepermitteduntilBSIwithdraws
them.OncewithdrawntheAgencywillspecifythathighwaystructuresshallonlybedesignedinaccordancewithEurocodes
www.highways.gov.uk/business/1198.aspx
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 5
Whatwelose
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
4
ListofBritishStandardsthataretobewithdrawnon31st March2010
Loads BS6399Loadingforbuildings(parts13)
Concrete BS8110Structuraluseofconcrete(parts13) BS8007(CP)Designofconcretestructuresforretaining
aqueousliquids Steel
BS5950Structuraluseofsteelworkinbuilding(parts19) BS 4492 Specification for the use of structural steel in buildingBS449 2Specificationfortheuseofstructuralsteelinbuilding BS4604Specificationfortheuseofhighstrengthgripboltsin
structuralsteelwork(parts12) BS7608(CP)Fatiguedesignandassessmentofsteelstructure
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 7
ListofBritishStandardsthataretobewithdrawnon31st March2010
Timber BS5268Structuraluseoftimber(parts27)
Masonry BS5628(CP)Useofmasonry(parts13) BS80003Workmanshiponbuildingsites.(CP)Masonry
Aluminium BS8118Structuraluseofaluminium(parts12)
BridgesBS 5400 Steel composite and concrete bridges (parts 1 10) BS5400Steel,compositeandconcretebridges(parts110)
Towers,mastsandchimneys BS8100Lattice,towersandmasts(parts14) BS4076Specificationforsteelchimneys
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 8
5
ListofBritishStandardsthataretobewithdrawnon31st March2010
Geotechnics BS8002(CP)Earthretainingstructures( ) g BS8004(CP)Foundations BS8081(CP)Groundanchorages
Butmanymorearebeingrevised... BS5930(CP)Siteinvestigations BS6031(CP)Earthworks BS6349(CP)Marinestructures BS8006(CP)Strengthened/reinforcedsoilsandotherfills BS8102(CP)Protectionofstructuresagainstwaterfromtheground
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 9
Whatwegain
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
6
TheEurocodeprogramme
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 11
Eurocode7sconnectingstandardsEN
1536
EN 15
37
EN 15
38 EN 12
063
cutio
n
rdsl
ISO 14
688
3
EN
EN 12
715
EN 12
716
EN 12
699
EN 14
199
EN 14
475
EN 14
679
Exec
u
stand
ards
Geote
chnic
al
inves
tigati
on
and t
estin
g
stand
ards
2247
6ISO
2247
5
ISO
2228
2
ISO 17
892
ISO 14
689
2
12
6
12N
1998
EN 19
99
5
EN 14
731
EN 15
237
ENISO
22
13EN
1
EN 1997
5
ISO 22
477
13
2
EN 19
90
EN 19
91
EN 19
92
EN 19
93 EN
1996
EN 19
95
EN 19
94
EN Eu
roco
des
3
2 26
341
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Geotechnicalinvestigationandtesting
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 13
Executionofspecialgeotechnicalworks
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8
Technicaldifferences(structural)
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
Contentsoftheresistancestandards
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 16
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KeydifferencesfromBritishStandards
Eurocodes dealwithphenomena,notelementtypes ULS:bending,shear,torsion,punching,fatigue SLS:stresslimitation,crackcontrol,minimumreinforcement,
deflectioncontrol Secondorderanalysisisdefault(butfirstorderwillusually
suffice) Extensiveuseofsubscripts,somehelpful,sometedious
NEd =axialforceinamember NRd =resistancetoaxialforceRd Ac,eff,loc =effectivecompressionareaduetoplatesubpanellocal
buckling MPapreferredtoN/mm2forunitsofstress
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 17
Membersignconventionisnowcompatiblewithsoftware,i.e.xx
alongmember
z z
yy
zv
y y
z
u
u
z
y y
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 18
z z
u
vz
10
KeyfeaturesofEurocode2
Designbasedoncylinderstrength(0.8 cubestrength) e.g.C40/50=40MPa cylinder(fck),50MPa cubestrength
Highstrengthgradescovered uptoC90/105forbuildings,C70/85forbridges
Stressblocksgiven,designformulaebasedonthemarenot Steelreinforcement
Partialmaterialfactors =1.15 YoungsmodulusE=200GPa Coefficientofthermalexpansion=10106K1U k d li l ti l i itt d f ll li it t t Uncrackedlinearelasticanalysispermittedforalllimitstates
Plasticanalysis allowedforbuildingsifsufficientrotationcapacity notallowedforbridges(exceptforaccidentalsituations)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 19
Similartocurrentpractice
ThosefamiliarwiththemethodsinBS8110willfind the Eurocode procedures not toofindtheEurocodeproceduresnottoo
dissimilartocurrentpracticebutinevitablytheywillneedtogothroughalearningcurve.Onthewholethedesignsresultingfromthe
twocodesarelikelytobereasonablycomparable comparable.
NaryNarayananProc.ICE,CivilEngineeringSpecialIssue(2001)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 20
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KeyfeaturesofEurocode3
Yieldstrengthvarieswiththickness(asinBSs5400and5950) Steelproperties
YoungsmodulusE=210GPa forstructuralsteel c.f.200GPa forrebarinEN1992
Poissonsration=0.3 Unitmass(massdensity)=7850kg/m3 Coefficientofthermalexpansion=12106K1
Partialmaterialfactors yield,M0 =1.0 shear buckling M1 = 1 0 (buildings) 1 1 (bridges)shearbuckling,M1 =1.0(buildings),1.1(bridges) fractureintension,M2 =1.25
Sectionclassification forClass1or2crosssections,basedonplasticstressblock forClass3or4crosssections,basedonelasticstressblock
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 21
Classificationofsteelcrosssections
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 22
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Eurocode3offersgreaterversatility
ThescopeofEurocode3isverywideintermsoftypesofstructures,formsofconstructionandmethodsofdesign
d i landmaterials.Inrelationtocommontypesofbuildingusinghotrolledsections,thedifferencesinresultsareonlyminor,though
thedesignproceduresaresometimesmoretedious.Bypresentingalltherulesforaswideavarietyofsteeldesign
aspossibleinaconsistentformat,thespecialiststeeldesignerwillbegivenagreatversatilitythaneverbefore.
ColinTaylorProc.ICE,CivilEngineeringSpecialIssue(2001)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 23
Impactofresistancestandards
Initialshockduetonumberofdocumentsandscatter of rulesscatter ofrules
Somestateoftheartdesignmethodsdiffer,butmanymethodsaspreviousUKpractice
MostdaytodayrulesaresimilartoBritishStandardequivalents
Different(touse),notmoredifficultChrisHendy
NCEConf.onBuildingBetterBridges,London(2005)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 24
13
Technicaldifferences(geotechnical)
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
LimitstatePrinciples
Structuraldesignisbasedonlimitstateprinciples:A distinction shall be made between ultimate andAdistinctionshallbemadebetweenultimateand
serviceabilitylimitstatesEN19903.1(1)P
Geotechnicaldesignisnowbasedonlimitstateprinciples:F h t h i l d i it ti it h ll bForeachgeotechnicaldesignsituationitshallbeverifiedthatnorelevantlimitstate,asdefinedin
EN1990isexceededEN199712.1(1)P
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 26
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Verificationofgeotechnicalstrength
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 27
DesignApproachesforSTR/GEO
Design Approach1 2 31 2 3
Combination 1
Combination 2
Actions Material properties
Actions (or effects)& resistances
Structural actions (or effects)& material properties
A1 + M1 + R1 A2 + M2 + R1 A1 + M1 + R2 A1/A2 + M2 + R3A1 + M1 + R1 A2 + M2 + R1 A1 + M1 + R2 A1/A2 + M2 + R3
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 28
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NationalchoiceofDesignApproach
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 29
NotablechangetotheDesignManualforRoadsandBridges(DMRB)
DMRBcannolongerreproduceandmodifysections of StandardssectionsofStandards
ItcanonlycontaininformationthatiscomplementarytotheEurocodes
alongwithnoncontradictoryrequirements
F f t d i t i t f N ti lForsafetyreasons,designtoamixtureofNationalStandardsandEurocodes willnotbepermittedwww.highways.gov.uk/business/1198.aspx
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 30
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Whathelpisthere?
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
ContentsofaEurocode
CENpublishestextofEurocode(EN)
NationalStandardsBodies(NSBs)mayadd NationalTitlePage NationalForeword NationalAnnex
EurocodepublishedbyCEN EN1990 i l d bli h d NationalcodepublishedbyNSB BSEN1990(inUK) DINEN1990(inGermany) NFEN1990(inFrance)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 32
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NationalAnnexcompletestheEurocodejigsaw
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 33
StatusofUKNationalAnnexes(September2009)
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PublishedDocuments
Supportingdocumentproducedbycommitteeforinformationonlyincludesguidance,reportsand
d i recommendationsBSIguidetostandardization(2005)
AdoptionsofCEN,CENELEC,ISOorIECpublicationsthatarethemselvesnotstandards(e.g.TechnicalReports)
DerivedfromBritishStandardsthatconflictwithENsbutarestillneededbyindustry Developedbynationalcommitteesbutdonotgothroughthewholedevelopment
processinstrictconformitywithBS
Thisisacatchallcategoryforstandardstypedocumentsthatdonothavethesamestatusasa
BSBSIWebsite
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 35
UKPublishedDocumentsforEurocodes
PD Year For BS EN Subject6687 2006 BP 1992-1 Concrete Design of concrete structures (general)6687-2 2007 R 1992-2 Concrete bridges6688-1-2 2007 BP 1991-1-2 Actions Actions on structures exposed to fire6688 1 2 00 1991 1 2 Actions Actions on structures exposed to fire6688-1-7 2009 R 1991-1-7 Accidental actions6694-1 DPC R 1997-1 Geotech. Geotechnical design (subject to traffic
loading)6695-1-9 2008 R 1993-1-9 Steel Design of steel structures for fatigue6695-1-10 2009 R 1993-1-10 Material toughness and through-
thickness properties6695-2 2008 R 1993-2 Steel bridges6696-2 2007 R 1994-2 Composite Composite steel and concrete bridges6698 2009 R 1998-2 Earthquake Design of structures for earthquake q g q
resistanceBP = Background paper to the UK National Annex(es) R = Recommendations for the design of structures
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 36
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FuturePublishedDocumentsPD Year For BS EN Subject6687-1 11/09 BP 1992-1 & -3 Concrete Design of concrete structures (general)6688-1-1 ? BP 1991-1-1 Actions Densities, self-weight, imposed loads
for buildingsfor buildings6688-1-4 9/09 BP 1991-1-4 Wind actions6688-1-5 12/09 BP 1991-1-5 Thermal actions6688-2 12/09 R 1992-2 ? ?6693-1 12/09 ? Timber ?6693-2 12/09 ? ?6702-1 09/09 ? Aluminium ?6705-3 09/09 ? ?BP = Background paper to the UK National Annex(es) R = Recommendations for the design of structures g
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 37
PD66941Recommendationsforthedesignofstructuressubjecttotraffic
loadingtoBSEN199711. General
2. Basisofdesigng3. Spreadfoundations4. Piledfoundations5. Gravityretainingstructuresandbridgeabutments6. Embeddedwalls7. Integralbridges8. Buriedconcretestructures9. Bibliography
A. Diagramsshowingloadcasestobeconsideredforburiedconcretestructures
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 38
20
HighwaysAgencysDesignManualforRoadsandBridges
DMRBcannolongerreproduceandmodifysectionsofStandards
OnlycontaininformationcomplementarytotheEurocodes Alongwithadditional(noncontradictory)requirements
50existingBDsandBAssomeinformationwillbe superseded retainedinaformcomplementarytotheEurocodes
ithd ( t f d t ) withdrawn(asoutofdate)
Thiswillresultintherebeingfewer,morefocusedDMRBpartsforthedesignofhighwaystructures
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 39
BSIStructuralEurocodes Companion
64pagecompanionguidetotheStructuralEurocodes
Guidewrittenbyleadingindustryexperts
Deliverspracticalandtimelyadviceonhowthenewcodeswillworkandhow they might benefithowtheymightbenefitconstructionprofessionals
AvailablefreeofchargefromtheBSIwebsite
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 40
21
DecodingEurocode7bookwww.decodingeurocode7.com
BookpublishedAugust2008 Keyfeatures
C EN 1997 1 d 2 l CoversENs19971and2,plusrelevantpartsofotherEurocodes
Alsocoversassociatedexecutionandtestingstandards
Explainskeyprinciples Illustratesapplicationruleswith
reallifecasestudies Materialextensivelytestedon
trainingcoursesover5years AuthorsAndrewBond
(Geocentrix)andAndyHarris(Geomantix)
PublishedbyTaylorandFrancisinhardback,withcoloursection
ISBN:9780415409483
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 41
DecodingtheEurocodesblogwww.eurocode7.com
WeblogstartedMay2006 Aimtopostarticlesatleast
h f ll ionceamonth,onfollowingsubjects: BGA Books BSI Eurocode3 Eurocode7 ICE IStructE Seminars Singapore StructuralEurocodes Trainingcourses
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 42
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ETC10Designexample2www.eurocode7.com/etc10
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 43
Conclusion
April2010 thedeathofBritishSt d dStandards
23
Ofvitalimportance
TheEurocodes willbecometheEuropewidemeans of designing Civil and StructuralmeansofdesigningCivilandStructural
engineeringworksandsotheyareofvitalimportancetoboththedesignand
constructionsectorsoftheCivilandBuildingindustries
IntroductiontoEurocodes
EuropeanCommissionwebsite(http://ec.europa.eu)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 45
TheEurocodeScreambyJackOfford(withapologiestoMunch)
Nov-09 (c)2009 Geocentrix Ltd. All rights reserved 46