CREATING TOMORROW'S SOLUTIONS

APRESENTANDO DISPERSÕES DE

COPOLÍMEROS VINIL ACETATO-ETILENO PARA

TITNAS CONVENCIONAIS E DE BAIXO ODOR

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this presentation is for background purposes only and is subject to

amendment, revision and updating. Certain statements contained in this presentation may be

statements of future expectations and other forward-looking statements that are based on

management's current views and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and

uncertainties. In addition to statements which are forward-looking by reason of context, including

without limitation, statements referring to risk limitations, operational profitability, financial

strength, performance targets, profitable growth opportunities, and risk adequate pricing, as well

as the words "may, will, should, expects, plans, intends, anticipates, believes, estimates, predicts,

or continue", "potential, future, or further", and similar expressions identify forward-looking

statements. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties

and assumptions which could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those

expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These include, among other factors,

changing business or other market conditions and the prospects for growth anticipated by Wacker

Chemie AG’s management. These and other factors could adversely affect the outcome and

financial effects of the plans and events described herein. Statements contained in this

presentation regarding past trends or activities should not be taken as a representation that such

trends or activities will continue in the future. Wacker Chemie AG does not undertake any

obligation to update or revise any statements contained in this presentation, whether as a result

of new information, future events or otherwise. In particular, you should not place undue reliance

on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this presentation.

CONTENTS

1. Fundamentos da tecnologia VAE

2. VAE para recobrimento arquitetônicos

CONTENTS

1. Fundamentals of VAE Technology

2. VAE para recobrimentos arquitetônicos

Dispersions particles

diameter: 0.2 ~ 1 µm

surface: ~ 0.50 µm²

volume: ~ 0.03 µm³

1 liter (50% solids content) contains:

number of particles: ~ 1.5 x 1016

total surface: ~ 7500 m²

O QUE É UMA DISPERSÃO POLIMÉRICA?

Macroscopic appearance

White liquid; solid particles are

dispersed in an aqueous medium

pm

nm

µm

mm

m

km

Mm

Gm

Diameter scope

Source by Wacker Chemie AG

DIFERENÇA ENTRE UM DISPERSÃO VAE DISPERSION E

RESINA EVA

• VAE copolymer dispersion: vinyl acetate - ethylene copolymer dispersion

• Liquid state: polymer solid contents = 50% - 72%

• Higher vinyl acetate content

• Main application: waterborne adhesives, coatings

• EVA resin: ethylene - vinyl acetate resin

• 100% polymer resin (no water)

• Higher ethylene content

• Main application: hot melt adhesives, solar cell encapsulation

ESTRUTURA DO POLÍMERO VAE

Vinyl acetate (VAM)

• Basic raw material

• Polar, hydrophilic

• Tg ~ 28 °C (hard)

• Toughness

Ethylene

• Tg ~ - 100 °C (soft)

• Hydrophobic

• Permanent flexibility

• High hydrolysis resistance

• Ideal co-polymerization with VAM

Copolymer Structure

POLYMER STRUCTURE OF VAE

Vinyl acetate (VAM)

• Basic raw material

• Polar, hydrophilic

• Tg ~ 28 °C (hard)

• Toughness

Ethylene

• Tg ~ - 100 °C (soft)

• Hydrophobic

• Permanent flexibility

• High hydrolysis resistance

• Ideal co-polymerization with VAM

Copolymer Structure

Vinyl Acetate

Ethylene

Decreasing Increasing

•Higher Tg

•Greater cohesive strength

•Better adhesion to cellulose

•High heat resistance

•Greater rigidity

•More hydrophilic

•Lower Tg

•Greater adhesive strength

•Greater adhesion to plastics

•Low heat seal temperature

•Greater flexibility

•More hydrophobic/greater

water resistance

Ethylene Content

EFEITO DO MONÔMERO PRINCIPAL EM OUTRAS

PROPRIEDADE: ETILENO E ACETATO DE VINILA

COMPARAÇÃO DA RAZÃO DE REATIVIDADE

Vinyl Acetate – Ethylene 1.03 0.88

Vinyl Acetate - Vinyl Chloride 0.25 1.64

Vinyl Acetate - Butyl Acrylate 0.018 3.48

Vinyl Acetate - Methyl Methacrylate 0.03 26.0

Vinyl Acetate - Styrene 0.01 56.0

Mayo – Lewis equation

r1=r2 ~1: results in a random copolymer

TECNOLOGIA VINIL-ACETATO ETILENO

Ethylene exhibits a more comparable reactivity rate to vinyl acetate versus that of

butyl acrylate

• Results in a more random copolymer

VA-E chain:

VA-VA-E-VA-VA-VA-E-E-VA-VA-E-E-VA-VA-E-E-E-VA-E-VA

VA-BA chain:

VA-VA-VA-VA-VA-VA-BA-BA-BA-VA-VA-VA-VA-VA-VA-BA-BA

• Supported by the fact that VAEs have superior alkaline hydrolysis resistance vs.

vinyl acrylics

A FORMAÇÃO DE FILME DA PARTÍCULAS POLIMÉRICAS

PRECISAM „INTERPENETRAR-SE“

Evaporation of water

Agglomeration of the

particles

Interpenetration of the

polymers

MFFT

0°C 5°C 10°C 15°C 20°C

muddy cracks

clear film of dispersion

Cold gradient of temperature warm

TEMPERATURA MÍNIMA DE FORMAÇÃO DE FILME

MFFT

• Temperature at which a clear, crack-free film is formed

• Good film formation is a prerequisite for durable, tough films

O ETILENO É UM PLASTIFICANTE MUITO MAIS EFETIVO PARA

VINIL ACETATO DO QUE O BUTIL ACRILATO

O O O

H3C CH3CH3

OOO

O O O

H3C CH3CH3

OOO

O O

O O

Main Chain Flexibility

Pendant Group Flexibility

VAE Copolymer

Ethylene incorporates itself directly into the

polymer backbone creating a polymer with more

flexibility

VA/BA Copolymer

BA incorporates itself as pendant groups which

limit flexibility; significant increase in BA required

to achieve similar flexibility as that of E

VANTAGENS DO ETILENO COMO COMONÔMERO

Ethylene as internal plasticizer is incorporated in polymer chain

• No or small use of film-forming agent

• No migration

• Film formation at low temperatures (< 5 °C)

Ethylene is the ideal

internal plasticizer for

vinyl acetate polymer

dispersion!

MF

FT

(°C

)

VINNAPAS® VAE VS. DISPERSÃO ESTIRENO ACRÍLICA

CORRELAÇÃO Tg / MFFT

In VAE, water functions as a coalescing aid!

Tg (°C) (Comonomer)

Inherently better coalescing

properties of VINNAPAS® VAEs

VAE copolymer Styrene Acrylic copolymer

VAE EXIBE UM MAIOR GRAU DE FORMAÇÃO DE FILME DO

QUE UM ESTIRENO ACRÍLICO

AFM images show difference in film formation between

VAE and Styrene Acrylic at similar Tgs

TRÊS PRINCIPAIS FATORES QUE AFETAM SUAS PROPRIEDADES

Emulsion properties affected by polymers

• Tensile strength

• Elongation

• Cohesive strength (toughness)

• Heat / water resistance

Factors affecting the bulk properties

• Branching of polymer chains

• Molecular weight of polymer

• Tg (glass transition temperature)

• Polymer structure

• Protection systems

• Chemical functionality

TRÊS PRINCIPAIS FATORES QUE AFETAM SUAS PROPRIEDADES

• Polymer structure

• Protection systems

• Chemical functionality

• Purpose of protection

• To protect polymer particles during

transportation

• Viscosity control

• Control adhesive properties

(wet tack, water resistance, etc.)

Type of protection systems

Protective colloids: chemically graft

to polymer particles

• PVOH (PVA): most popular for adhesives

• Cellulose

• Surfactants: anchor to polymer particles

PROTEÇÃO COLOIDAL (PVOH) E PROTEÇAO POR

SURFACTANTE

PVOH is chemically grafted

to the VAE polymer chains

Particle size of a PVA-protected

VAE dispersion = 0.8 – 1.2 mm

Hydrophobic parts of surfactant

anchor to VAE polymer particle

Particle size of a surfactant-protected

VAE dispersion = 0.2 – 0.4 mm

A VISCOSIDADE E A RESISTÊNCIA A ÁGUA DO VAE

AFETADOS PELO TIPO DE PROTEÇÃO

TRÊS PRINCIPAIS FATORES QUE AFETAM SUAS PROPRIEDADES

• Polymer structure

• Protection systems

• Chemical functionality

PVOH

Protection

Surfactant

Protection

Large Particle size Fine

Varies Particle size

distribution Narrow

Strong Wet tack Poor

Good Flow Poor

Good Machining Poor

Rapid Setting speed Slow

Newtonian Rheology Thixotropic

For reasons mentioned above, VAE protected by PVOH is

typically used for adhesives while surfactant protected VAE

is used for coatings!

TRÊS PRINCIPAIS FATORES QUE AFETAM SUAS PROPRIEDADES

• Polymer structure

• Protection systems

• Chemical functionality

Acrylic

Acid

O

C O

OH

O

C O

CH 3

O

C O

CH 3

O

C

CH 3

Acrylic acid

• Increases bonding to metal substrates

n-Methylol acrylamide

• Increases water resistance

O

C O

CH 3

O

C O

CH 3

C O

NH

O

CH 2

NMA

CONTENTS

1. Fundamentals of VAE Technology

2. VAE para aplicações arquitetônicas

TINTAS INTERIORES AMBIENTALMENTE AMIGÁVEIS

• Binding power

• Rheological behavior

• Applicability and workability,

open time

• Solvents can be reduced or

eliminated from formulations

• For flat through semi-gloss

level paints

Benefits of VAE when used for

interior paints

DISPERSÕES VINNAPAS® EF8001 OFERECEM ALTO

DESEMPENHO SENDO MAIS AMBIENTALMENTE AMIGAVEL

VINNAPAS® EF8001

Touch-up

Formulated

Cost Savings Excellent Thickener

Response

Alkaline Hydrolysis

Resistance

High Scrub

Resistance Low Solvent

Demand

Mechanical

Stability

Compatibility with

Other Resins

for Blending

Formulating

Latitude

Excellent

Low Temperature

Coalescence

Low VOC Capable

Made

Without

Using

APEO

Very Low VAM

Lower Environmental Impact

VINNAPAS® EF8300 DISPERSION OFFERS HIGH

PERFORMANCE WHILE BEING MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY

FRIENDLY

VINNAPAS® EF8300

Touch-up

Block

Resistance Excellent Thickener

Response

Wet Adhesion

to Alkyd substrates

High Scrub

Resistance Low Solvent

Demand

Mechanical

Stability Compatibility with

Other Resins

for Blending

Formulating

Latitude

Excellent

Low Temperature

Coalescence

Low VOC Capable

Made

Without

Using

APEO

Very Low VAM

Lower Environmental Impact

Type EF8001 EF8300

Emulsifier

System

Surfactant Surfactant

APEO-free Yes Yes

Solids

Content

55% 55%

Viscosity 150-650cP 100-650cP

MFFT 0°C 0°C

Tg 6°C 6°C

Particle Size 0,23µm 0,22µm

VINNAPAS® PARA TINTAS INTERIORES BAIXO VOC

Type EF8001 EF8300

Emulsifier

System

Surfactant Surfactant

APEO-free Yes Yes

Solids

Content

55% 55%

Viscosity 150-650cP 100-650cP

MFFT 0°C 0°C

Tg 6°C 6°C

Particle Size 0,23µm 0,22µm

VINNAPAS® PARA TINTAS INTERIORES BAIXO VOC

RESISTÊNCIA À LAVABILIDADE

VAE dispersion exhibits superior

scrub resistance compared to:

• Low-VOC vinyl acrylics

• Traditional VAEs

• Low-VOC styrene acrylics

VAE copolymer dispersion provides

excellent scrub resistance over a

broad range of PVCs

VANTAGENS DO VAE EM LAVABILIDADE + BLOCK

7

DA

Y

BL

OC

K

RE

SI

ST

AN

CE

22% PVC / 38% NVV / Formulation SGI-110

L A T E X P O L Y M E R

CY

CL

ES

–

A

BN

T

NB

R

14

94

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

VINNAPAS®EF 8300

TraditionalAcrylic #1

TraditionalAcrylic #2

Low VOCAcrylic #1

Low VOCAcrylic #2

Low VOCAcrylic #3

5%

Coalesc

5%

Coalesc 5%

Coalesc

10%

Coales

10%

Coales

No Coales

VANTAGENS VAE EM LAVABILIDADE

ABNT NBR 14940 Brazilian Standard

VINNAPAS®

EF8300

0% COALESCENT

VOC

<5,0g/L

STYRENE

ACRYLIC

5% COALESCENT

ON BINDER

SOLIDS

VOC

35g/L

340

cycles

340

cycles

1991

cycles

Formulation BRSGI-015 / 31% PVC / 34% NVV

VANTAGENS VAE EM LAVABILIADE

VINNAPAS®

EF8001

0% COALESCENT

VOC

8g/L

STYRENE

ACRYLIC

5% COALESCENT

ON BINDER

SOLIDS

VOC

28g/L

128

cycles

128

cycles

325

cycles

Formulation BRFLI-012 / 58% PVC / 31% NVV

ABNT NBR 14940 Brazilian Standard

VATAGENS VAE EM LAVABILIDADE + BAIXO VOC

CY

CL

ES

–

A

BN

T

NB

R

14

94

0

CALCULATED VOC (g/L) SCRUB RESISTANCE

VANTAGENS VAE NO RETOQUE (TOUCH-UP)

VINNAPAS® Vinyl Acrylic

Touch-up refers to

the ability of a

paint to maintain

uniform

appearance and

sheen regardless

of application

method or

temperature at

which a second

coat of paint is

applied over the

first coat

Low

Temp

Ambient

Temp

AS INOVATIVAS DISPERSÕES DE COPOLÍMEROS VAE

OFERECEM ALTO DESEMPENHO COM MENOR IMPACTO

AMBIENTAL

• Wacker Polymers offers a range of

VINNAPAS® VAE copolymer dispersions

that are:

• Low VOC capable (< 5g/l)

• Low odor

• Cost-effective

• Produced without the use of APEO

or without the use of formaldehyde

donors

• VINNAPAS® dispersion offers more competitive price over acrylics

• Good binding power and superior scrub resistance

• Can be raise PVC (keeping NVV constant) replacing binder solids with

lower cost extender pigments with proper formulation adjustment

• Reduced solvent costs

• No need to add coalescing agent

• Reduced associated thickener costs

• VINNAPAS® VAE offer improved thickener response over other vinyl

acrylic commercial products, resulting in reduced total thickener cost

QUANTO UMA DISPERSÃO VAE REDUZ O CUSTO DA

FORMULAÇÃO DE TINTA?

High-performance VAE

• Choice between higher scrub resistance (better classification) or reduced binder content (cost advantage)

High-solids content

• Gives broader formulation flexibility

• Higher “active content” means less water per delivery

Low Environmental Impact

• Low-VOC formulations

• Without the use of APEO

• Without the use of formaldehyde donors

• Premium-quality paints compliant with the most critical eco-labels

Eliminate solvents in formulations

• Zero cosolvent demand

• Removes solvent cost from calculations

Single binder for matt, satin & silk finishes

• Simplifies raw material storage and logistics

RESUMO

OBRIGADO!!!