Approved by DC-E USCG AuxA, Inc

Boating Skills & Boating Skills & SeamanshipSeamanship

Boating Skills & Boating Skills & SeamanshipSeamanship

Lesson 10Powering Your Boat

2

• Characteristics of Marine Engines

• Two-Stroke vs Four-Stroke Engines

• Engine Operation & Care

• Marine vs Automotive Parts

• Engine’s Fuel & Battery

• Preventing Electrolysis

• Winterizing & Spring Check

• Basic Trouble Shooting

Lesson Objectives (1)Lesson Objectives (1)

3

Marine EnginesMarine Engines

• D11N NOTE:

• Much confusion, including this text, between Engines & Propulsion or Drive systems

4

Types of Marine EnginesTypes of Marine Engines

• Installation location of engine– Inboard

• Includes inboard, tunnel, v, stern, & tractor drives

– Outboard

• Operating cycle– 2 cycle– 4 cycle

• Fuel type– Gas– Diesel

5

Types of Marine PropulsionTypes of Marine Propulsion• Outboard: Unit containing engine, shafts, prop located outside &

attached to transom. Trim function• Inboard: Engine & gearbox in boat, shaft through hull, external prop &

rudder, prop at angle to water surface– Traditional uses straight shaft, engine is well forward of transom– Tunnel drive– V drive moves engine to transom, shaft cut in half and leaves engine going

forward, then reverses forming a V shape• Inboard/Outboard (I/O) or Stern: Engine inboard at stern, external drive

includes prop parallel to water surface, driven by shafts at 90 degrees. Swivel drive to turn; no rudder; trim function

– Traditional I/O has large transom cut out with drive & prop on transom– Tractor or 360 degree swivel, shaft through hull, drive & prop under hull

• Jet drive: Inboard engine and pump thrusts water out nozzle to propel. Impeller no prop. Swivel nozzle to turn.

6

Inboard EnginesInboard Engines

• Engine Mounted

In Boat

• Engine is usually

modified automotive

• Modifications essential

for safe use

7

Stern Drive PropulsionStern Drive Propulsion

• Engine In Boat so

an INBOARD Engine

• Outdrive Or Lower

Unit Mounted On

Transom

8

Outboard EnginesOutboard Engines

• Engine Mounted On

Transom Outside

Boat

9

Four-Stroke EnginesStroke = ½ revolutionFour-Stroke Engines

Stroke = ½ revolution

intake compression power exhaust

10

Two-Stroke EnginesTwo-Stroke Engines

11

• Diesel Engines– More Efficient Than Gas– Less Expensive To Operate– More Reliable– Less Hazardous Fuel

• Gas Engines– Lighter And Less Expensive– Less Noisy– Less Vibration– More Volatile – Explosive Fuel

Gas vs Diesel EnginesGas vs Diesel Engines

12

• Marine Parts– Specially Made To Minimize Danger Of Fire

And Explosion– Includes But Not Limited To

• Alternators• Starters• Distributors• Fuel Pumps• Fuel Systems (carburetor etc.)

• Be Aware – Many Marine and Auto Parts Look Alike

Automotive vs Marine Parts

Automotive vs Marine Parts

13

Getting Fuel Into The Cylinders

• Gas Engines– Traditional – Carburetor Mixes Fuel &

Air– New Systems – Fuel Injection

• Diesel Engines– Injection

Induction SystemsInduction Systems

14

• Gas Engines– Small Outboards – Magneto– Other Outboards & all Inboards

• Traditional – Battery, Distributor & Coil• Newest - Electronic

• Diesel Engines– Heat Of Compression

Igniting The Fuel Mixture

Ignition SystemsIgnition Systems

15

• Open System– Sea Water Pumped Through Engine

• Closed System– Sea Water Pumped Through Heat

Exchanger

– Fresh Water with Antifreeze Pumped Through Engine & Heat Exchanger

Cooling SystemsCooling Systems

16

Gasoline

• Leaded vs Unleaded• Octane Rating

– Regular - 86– Premium - 91/93– Check Owner’s Manual

• Alcohol Additive (Gasohol)– Possible Damage To

• Outboards• Fuel Lines & Tanks• Oilers (VRO)

17

• Marine Battery – Deep-Cycle• Check

• Battery Switch• Battery Charge• Corroded Terminals• Terminals Covered• Properly Secured

• Ensure Proper Cable Attachment & Removal When Using Battery Charger Or Jumping Batteries

BatteriesBatteries

18

• Lubrication Oil– Checking - Changing

• Outboards – Lower Units– Gear Case Oil – Grease Fittings– Hydraulic Fluid

• General Checks– Bilge Pump– Oil Leaks– Stuffing Box– Drive Belts– Ignition System– Spark Plugs

MaintenanceMaintenance

19

• Fuel System– Filters– Fuel Lines

• Cooling System– Water Levels– Hoses

• Sacrificial Zincs• Propellers

MaintenanceMaintenance

20

Winterizing The Boat• Change Oil & Filter• Fuel System

– Add Stabilizer & Fill Tank– Run Engine Out of Fuel

• Cooling System• Ignition System• Fresh Water System• Remove Drain Plug if on Land• Heads

21

Spring Fitting-Out

• Check• Batteries – Clamps - Cables• Seacocks – Hoses - Clamps• Hull For Cracks - Zincs• Fuel Tanks & Hoses• Bilge Blowers & Hoses• Fire Extinguishers & Flares• Steering & Trim• Galley Stove• Bilge Pump & Float Switch

22

Trouble Shooting

• Engine Will Not Turn Over– Clutch in neutral?– Battery OK?– Cable Connections OK?

• Engine Will Not Start– Fuel?– Spark?

• Engine Runs Rough• Engine Does Not Develop Full Power

23

• Class of Marine Engines

• Operating Cycle

• Gas vs Diesel Engines

• Automotive vs Marine Parts

• Induction & Ignition Systems

• Cooling Systems

Summary (1)Summary (1)

24

• Gasoline

• Batteries

• Maintenance

• Winterizing The Boat

• Spring Fitting-Out

• Trouble Shooting

Summary (2)Summary (2)