approachesmethods-120425115222-phpapp02

8/16/2019 approachesmethods-120425115222-phpapp02

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Approaches andMethods inLanguage Teaching

Lori Vanden Berghe, M.Ed.West Texas A&M University

Spring 202


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Appro

aches

and

Methods

!ra""ar Trans#ation Method

The $ire%t Method

The at'ra# Approa%h A'dio(Ling'a# Method

Tota# )hysi%a# *esponse

The Si#ent Way

$es'ggestopedia

+o""'nity Lang'age Learning

+o""'ni%ative Lang'age Tea%hing

)arti%ipatory Approa%hes

+ontent Based

Tas Based Learning Strategy

+ooperative Learning

M'#tip#e -nte##igen%es


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!ra""ar Trans#ation vs $ire%t Method

The GrammarTranslation Method:

. Maintains %#ose asso%iationet/een the oreign

#ang'age and the "othertong'e

2. Lays e"phasis on spee%h

1. o##o/s the ad'#t3s nat'ra#/ay o #earning a #ang'age

4. Tea%hes the #ang'age y5r'#e3 and not y 5'se

6. Tea%hes or"a# gra""arro" the very eginning

The Direct Method:

. Avoids %#ose asso%iationet/een the se%ond ororeign #ang'age and the

"other tong'e2. Lays e"phasis on spee%h

1. o##o/s the %hi#d3s nat'ra#/ay o #earning a #ang'age

4. Tea%hes the #ang'age y

5'se3 and not y 5r'#e36. $oes not avor the

tea%hing o or"a#gra""ar at the ear#y stage

78ME

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4/18

T7E

A TU*AL

A))*8A+

7

9rashen and Terre## E"phasis on expos're rather than

pra%ti%e $esigned to deve#op asi% %o""'ni%ation

si##s ( oth ora# and /ritten

1. Basic personal communication skills: oral(e.g., listening to announcements in public

places)2. Basic personal communication skills:

written (e.g., reading and writing personalletters)

3. Academic learning skills: oral (e.g.,listening to a lecture)

4. Academic learning skills: written (e.g.,taking notes in class)

78ME


5/18

S - M

- L A

* - T -

E S

$ire%t"ethod

at'ra#

"ethod

•$eve#op asi% %o""'ni%ation si##s•St'dents #isten totea%her• Tea%her 'ses pi%t'resand o%%asiona# native#ang'age• :'st aove %'rrent #eve#o pro;%ien%y•

Lo/ a


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T7E

AU$-8

(L-

!UALME T7

8$

Stresses the "e%hanisti% aspe%ts o#ang'age #earning and #ang'age

'se $ri##s in the 'se o gra""ati%a#

senten%e patterns *epetition and i"itation Tea%her dire%ts and %ontro#s the

#ang'age ehavior o st'dents Vo%a'#ary ept to a "ini"'"

+#i% i"age tovie/de"onstration

78ME


7/18

T8TAL

)7 =S-+A

L

*ES)8

SE

Tea%hes #ang'age thro'gh physi%a# >"otor?a%tivity.

*ed'%es #earner stress and %reates a

positive "ood y invo#ving ga"e(#ie"ove"ents

Esta#ishes a "e"ory %onne%tion !ra""ar is ta'ght ind'%tive#y

Learners pri"ary ro#e is #istener andperor"er


78ME


8/18

T7E

S-LE TWA

=

+a#e !attegno@ to tea%h "eans to serve the#earning pro%ess rather than to do"inate it.

Tea%her egins /ith so"ething the st'dents a#readyno/.

Tea%her points and gest'res Si#en%e is a too#@ the tea%her on#y speas /hen

ne%essary St'dents deve#op their o/n %riteria or %orre%tness The e#e"ents o the #ang'age are introd'%ed #ogi%a##y


78ME


9/18

$ESU

!!EST8)E$-

A

+reated y !eorgi LoCanov

eat'res %#assroo" de%oration, 'rnit're, arrange"ent o%#assroo" so that st'dents ee# %o"orta#e and %on;dent.

Use o "'si%, Tea%her is a'thoritative ;g're: “People remember best and

are most infuenced by inormation coming rom anauthoritative source.

Varying tone and rhyth" o "ateria# presentedD dra"atiCingand e"otiona#iCing gives "eaning to #ing'isti% "ateria#.

1. Introduction: The tea%her tea%hes the "ateria# in ap#ay'# "anner instead o ana#yCing #exis and gra""aro the text in a dire%tive "anner.

2. Concert session (actie and passie!: in the a%tivesession, the tea%her reads /ith spe%ia# intonation asse#e%ted "'si% is p#ayed. 8%%asiona##y, the st'dents readthe text together /ith the tea%her, and #isten on#y to the"'si% as the tea%her pa'ses in parti%'#ar "o"ents. Thepassive session is done "ore %a#"#y.

". #la$oration: The st'dents sing %#assi%a# songs and p#ayga"es /hi#e the tea%her a%ts "ore #ie a %ons'#tant

%. &roduction: The st'dents spontaneo's#y spea and

intera%t in the target #ang'age /itho't interr'ption or%orre%tion.

78ME


10/18

+o""'nity Lang'ageLearning

+har#es +'rran

The st'dentsdeter"ine /hatis to e #earned

The ro#e o the

tea%her is thato a a%i#itatorand s'pport

EF)LAAT-8@

›St'dents >G to 2 "axi"'"? sit in a %ir%#e.

›

There is a s"a## porta#e tape re%order inside the %ir%#e.› The tea%her >/ho is ter"ed the 59no/er3 ? stands o'tside the%ir%#e.

›When a st'dent has de%ided on so"ething they /ant to say in theoreign #ang'age, they %a## the 9no/er over and /hisper /hatthey /ant to say, in their "other tong'e.

› The tea%her, a#so in a /hisper, then oor the target #ang'age?.

› The st'dent atte"pts to repeat the 'tteran%e, /ith

en%o'rage"ent and shaping ro" the 9no/er, /ith the rest o thegro'p eavesdropping.

›When the 9no/er is satis;ed, the 'tteran%e is re%orded y thest'dent.

›Another st'dent then repeats the pro%ess, ti## there is a ind odia#og'e re%orded.

› The 9no/er then rep#ays the re%ording, and trans%ries it on theoard.

› This is o##o/ed y ana#ysis, and H'estions ro" st'dents. -n as'seH'ent session, the 9no/er "ay s'ggest a%tivities springingro" the dia#og'e.

›!rad'a##y, the st'dents spin a /e o #ang'age.

78ME

Taperecorder

')*#+


11/18

+8MM

U-+AT-VE

LA!UA!E TEA

+7-!

E"phasiCes I'en%y and "eaning in %on%rete ter"s Learners are introd'%ed to a variety o %onversationa#

%ontexts Target #ang'age is the vehi%#e or %o""'ni%ation St'dents express opinions and ideas So%ia# %ontext provided or %o""'ni%ation in

%ooperative gro'ps or pairs Tea%her is a%i#itator Listening part o a'thenti% %o""'ni%ation

!ra""ar and vo%a'#ary #earned in sit'ationa# %ontext

78ME


12/18

)A* T-+-)AT8* =

A))

*8A+7E

S

)a'#o reire +ontent is ased on iss'es o

%on%ern to st'dents !oa# to he#p st'dents 'nderstand

or%es in their #ives@

› So%ia#

› 7istori%a#

› +'#t'ra# E"po/er de%ision "aing

Lang'age ta'ght inservi%e to a%tion,experien%e(%entered

78ME


13/18

+8T

ET(

BASE

$ L a n g ' a g e o . J e % t i v e s + o n t e n t o . J e % t i v e sLanguageacross the

curriculum

78ME


14/18

TAS9(

BASE$

Learners are %o"p#eting a tas /ith

others Wor to 'nderstand ea%h other andthe tas at hand

)ro#e"(so#ving tass provide %riti%a#

thining and "eaning'# intera%tionthro'gh a'thenti% #earningopport'nities

78ME


15/18

LEA*-!

ST*ATE!=

T*A--!

Strategies not ta'ght in iso#ation Meta%ognition

› )#an› Monitor

› Eva#'ate 7ands(on experien%es@

› -ntera%tive› Manip'#ative

So%ia#KA


16/18

+8(8)

E*A T-V

ELEA

*-!

Lang'age or oth a%ade"i% and so%ia# p'rposes

78ME


17/18

MULT-)

LE-TELL-!E

+ES

7o/ard !ardner +reate a%tivities that dra/ on a##

eight inte##igen%es Ena#e ea%h st'dent to rea%h their

potentia# over ti"e

78ME


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*eeren%es!a##o/ay, Anne. +o""'ni%ative Lang'age Tea%hing@ An -ntrod'%tion And Sa"p#e A%tivities

.+enter or App#ied Ling'isti%s. :'ne 1. We.

:ohnson, *oger T. and $avid W. An 8vervie/ o +ooperative Learning. !reativity and

!ollaborative "earningD Brooes )ress, Ba#ti"ore, 4. )rint.

Laota Lesson @ The Si#ent Way. =o'T'e. 200. Video.

Larsen(ree"an, $iane. Te%hniH'es and )ri%ip#es in Lang'age Tea%hing, 2nd Ed. 8xord

University )ress, 2000. )rint.

The A'dio Ling'a# Method. =o'T'e. 20. Video.

T)*.Tea%her Training Video. +a"ridge U)ELT.=o't'e. 200. Video

*i%hards, :a% +. and Theodore S. *odgers. #pproaches and $ethods in "anguage %eaching,

&nd 'd. +a"ridge University )ress, 200. )rint.

http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/gallow01.htmlhttp://www.cal.org/resources/digest/gallow01.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxjMhi6jV2Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKV1CR-LxIY&feature=relatedhttp://youtu.be/bkMQXFOqyQAhttp://youtu.be/bkMQXFOqyQAhttp://youtu.be/bkMQXFOqyQAhttp://youtu.be/bkMQXFOqyQAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKV1CR-LxIY&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxjMhi6jV2Ehttp://www.cal.org/resources/digest/gallow01.htmlhttp://www.cal.org/resources/digest/gallow01.html

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