Approaches toSystems Development

Chapter 10 - part 1

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Outline

Introduction Systems Analyst

Ch 10 - Approaches to System DevelopmentSDLC

− Phases & Core Processes− Approaches: Predictive & Adaptive

MethodologyAgile Development

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Systems Analyst

Organizational role most responsible for the analysis & design of information systems.

Translates a _________ __________ into an

___________ ___________ ___________ .

Job Titles− vary by organization; read the job description

• Systems Analyst• Business Analyst (client-facing)

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Systems Analyst…more of a business problem solver

than a technical programmer

Knowledge & SkillsTECHNICAL • DB, Programming, Computers Hardware, Networking,

Operating systems, and utilities, Communication & collaboration technology

• SDLC techniques

BUSINESS • Organizational knowledge• Management techniques• Functional work processes

PEOPLE • Communication skills• Interpersonal Skills• Roles: Negotiator, Teacher, Mentor, Collaborator, Manager

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Information System Development Project

What is it?− It's a planned undertaking − Has fixed beginning and end− Produces desired result or product

It can differ in…− Features − Size− Cost− Resources

SDLC: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Provides overall framework for managing systems development processAll projects use some variation of SDLC

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PhaseProject Initiation

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

Deployment

Ch 11

Ch 11

Ch 2-5

Ch 6, 8-9,12-13

Ch 14

Ch 13

Core Process1. Identify the problem/need & obtain approval

2. Plan & monitor the project

3. Discover & understand the details

4. Design the system components

5. Build, test, and integrate system components

6. Complete system tests and deploy solution

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2 Approaches to the SDLC

• Waterfall Model

• Modified Waterfall

• Spiral Model

• Incremental Development

Assumptions• can be planned in

advance • system can be

developed according to the plan

Assumptions• Iterative• Must be

flexible & adapt

Predictive SDLC Adaptive SDLC

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Predictive Approaches

Waterfall One phase begins when another completes;

Specifications are frozenProblems System requirements “locked in” Limited user involvement Too much focus on milestone deadlines

Support

Deployment

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

ProjectInitiation

Support

Deployment

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

ProjectInitiation

Modified Waterfall Overlapping phases Can go backwards

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Adaptive Approaches

Spiral ModelAn iterative approach

Spiral until project completion− Then, deployed!

Project Management:− managed differently than a

waterfall approach

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Adaptive Approaches

Incremental DevelopmentAlso, an iterative approachBUT…

− System is built in small increments; it is "grown"• As an iteration is completed it is integrated to the whole• Partially deployed in steps

Advantage− some functionality gets

into the user's hands much earlier

Methodology

A comprehensive guideline to follow for completing every SDLC activity

Abstraction used to separate out aspect

Software to create models or other project components

Guidelines or instructions

Methodology

Models

TechniquesTools

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