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Joanna Simpson, University of CambridgeDavid Green, University of CambridgeMate Lorincz, University of Keele

Estates & Operations

Approaches to influencing energy saving without capital investments

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Agenda

Introduction

Electricity Incentivisation Scheme (EIS) at the University of Cambridge

How has the EIS influenced behaviour? A case study from the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge

The relationship between personal values and energy efficiency. A case study from the University of Keele

Q&A and discussion

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Energy and Carbon Reduction Project

Supports implementation of the Carbon Management Plan

Five pilot departmentsLearning to be rolled out across the estate

£2M per annum budget

Energy dashboard

Engagement activities

Gurdon Institute

Library

Engineering

Chemistry

Plant Sciences

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What is the Electricity Incentivisation Scheme?

Financial incentives to use electricity more efficiently

Annual allowances at departmental level

Financial reward if use less than allowance

Financial penalty if exceed allowance

Implemented 1 August 2008

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How does it work?

Value of any saving or cost made using the University’s average electricity price

Quarterly reports sent to departments

Financial transactions made once a year by the Finance Division

Cost neutral to the central chest

Scheme originally approved by Resource Management Committee (RMC)

Annual targets approved by and results reported to RMC

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How does it work?

Annual allowances (August – July) are based on historic data

2008/09 allowances were equal to 2007/06 plus 3%

2009/10 and 2011/12 allowances were based on the average of the target and the actual consumption for the previous year, plus an uplift of 2%

Post 2011/12 allowances now capped at 2009/10 usage.

Newly occupied buildings - “settling down” period (3 years) before setting the baseline target

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Measures of success

Prior to 2008, electricity consumption was increasing at around 4% per annum

In 2010/11 electricity usage was 4.4% below target, saving:

£0.51 million

4,950 MWh

2,678 tonnes CO2

Raised profile of electricity consumption and carbon is now in annual University planning round

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University wide results

2005/06 (baseline)

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/1250000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

Research income (£000's)

Electricity con-sumption (MWh)

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University wide results

2005/06 (baseline)

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12300

350

400

450

500

550

Electricity consumption (MWh) per £M of research income

Electricity consumption (MWh) per £M of research income (ad-justed for inflation)

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Departmental examples

William Gates Building - 12mth Rolling Average Electricity Usage

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Not an ECRP Pilot

LED lighting and power supply trials

Power-down public computer workstations

sub-metering

Server Virtualisation

William Gates Building Electricity consumption – 12 month moving average

Reduced consumption by 26% since the start of EIS

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Departmental examples

2011/12Two departments received approximately £27,000

One department was charged almost £70,000

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Challenges and lessons learnt

Agreeing annual allowances

Dealing with new academic activity

Senior level support

Keep it simple – reduced administration burden by using existing electricity metering infrastructure and floor space allocation data

Communication – at all levels

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Case Study – Department of Engineering

Background

Accounts for around 10% of university.

Activities based in 7 buildings.

Around 600 members of staff – academic, research, administrative and technical roles.

Four year MEng course – around 1,200 students.

Postgraduate students numbers:

2011 (792)

2012 (830)

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Engineering Year 1 (2007-2008)

Pre EIS levels indicated year on year increase, typically around 8%.

Energy review arrangements - ad hoc and typically linked to plant replacement.

Engineering’s bill for 2007-2008 was £35k.

High consumption buildings.

Energy intensive activities.

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Review of Energy Usage

Historical and current

Building maintenance staff.

Consultant based surveys.

Summer student appointments included:

IES-VE modelling of buildingsPV Survey

Façade Optimisation

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Baseline

135mm Celotex

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Committees & Communications

Energy and Environmental Committees established.

Regular agenda item at existing committees – Council, Staff, Safety etc.

Promote energy performance and sustainability at all levels.

Embrace interest shown from students and staff.

Student and staff involvement: MEng projects, research, undergraduate teaching modules established.

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Teaching and Research

Teaching

4th year MEng projects include: fabric optimisation, PV modelling.3rd year renewable module – PV inverter technologies, string and micro.MPhil Energy Technology – PV and Dashboard.Many 4th Year MEng projects are environmental based and popular.

Research

Doubly fed generator.PV micro inverter technology.Cleaning of emissions from combustion processes.Fuel efficiency in IC engines and compressors.Sustainable Development Group.

Student Organisations &University Projects

GreenBRIDGELiving Laboratory for Sustainability.

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Visibility of Building Performance

Introduction of Energy Dashboard.

Visibility of actual building performance.

Digital signage.

Encourage individuals to ‘own’ and take responsibility.

‘Buy-in’ now apparent in some equipment purchases.

Data being used in undergraduate teaching exercises.

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DEC / EPC Improvements

Completed Schemes include:

Centralisation of compressed air plant (38t C02 pa).Update of heating boilers (115t C02 pa).Centralisation and efficiency of Data Centres (£75k, 200t C02 pa).

Planned Schemes include:

Air conditioning and AHU control.Heating distribution.Centralisation of chilled water plant.

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Energy and Carbon Reduction Project (ECRP)

Lead pilot department.

Current projects include:

Energy Roof

Upgrade of chilled water supply

Measurement of plug loads and dashboard

Control of air conditioners

Strong links with research activities e.g. building physics, power electronics.

Sharing of information with Estate Management, other departments and colleges.

Presentation at higher education and industry based seminars.

Departmental engagement key.

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Energy Roof

Analysis

IES-VE modelling of buildingfabric performance.

Review and optimisation of PV panels and inverter types.

Direct DC power usage.

Installation

Insulation savings 46%.

61,188 kWh maximum yield from PV.

Data will be used to support undergraduate teaching.

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Façade Optimisation

PhD Student - Glass & Façade Group

Analysis

• Current performance and assessment of strategies.

• Building energy optimisation algorithms.

• Based on defined parameters: user comfort, carbon and payback.

Results

• Payback in £, carbon, comfort?• Wall window ratios 20-70%.

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Building Performance

[1] Based on combined gas and electricity consumptions for the period Aug 2011 to July 2012[2] Includes kWh associated with biomass boiler (based on delivered volumes of wood pellets).

Building Nett Usable Space

2011/12 Energy Consumption

kWh [1]

kWh/m2

Baker 9351 m2 2,838,095 304

Inglis 9198 m2 2,791,659 304

Electrical Engineering 3286 m2 2,944,185 896

Alan Reece 3154 m2 1,237,257 392[2]

Nanoscience Centre 1140 m2 2,198,974 1,929

Whittle Laboratory 1695 m2 1,394,337 823

Schofield Centre 1082 m2 286,721 265

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Current Energy Performance

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Next steps?

Implementation of ECRP schemes in new buildings.

Low voltage distribution circuits and lighting.

Further fabric performance modelling.

Review and update of control algorithms for plant including Data Centres.

Transfer of some environmental control to end users.

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If you don’t do anything else…

Your ‘aha’ moment

Data collection and visibility

Financial rewards/penalties