Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES”

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine:

reality and perspectives

WORKSHOP

“AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES”

17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives

WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES”

17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

UKRAINIAN LAW 2nd of March, 1995

ABOUT PESTICIDES AND AGROCHEMICALS

AGROCHEMICALS: organic, mineral and bacterial fertilizers; chemical soil landmelioration as well as plant growth regulators and other matters, which can improve soil fertility, crop capacity and improvement of plant food quality.

PESTICIDES: toxic matters or mixtures of chemical or biological origin which are used against different harmful organisms for plants, animals and human.

MAIN DIRECTIONS:General official trials of pesticides and agrochemicalsOfficial state registration of pesticides and agrochemicals Ways of using of pesticides and agrochemicalsRequirements to producing, transportation, storage, application and utilization State policy to supervise and state control



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

OTHER UKRAINIAN LAWS

Code Of Waters In Ukraine 6th of June, 1995

Code Of Lands In Ukraine 25th of October, 2001

About National Program to develop water economy17th of January, 2002



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

DOCUMENTS FROM CABINET OF MINISTRY IN UKRAINE

About state supervision and state control of observance of

pesticides and agrochemicals legislation (19th of February, 1996)

Procedure for monitoring of monitoring in Ukraine (20th of July, 1996)

Concept of conservation and reproducing of natural environment

around the Black Sea and the Azov Sea (10th of July, 1998)

Integrated program to protect waters from pollution originating from rural areas and agricultural lands in Ukraine in 2001-2005 and

prognosis to 2010 (26th of July, 2000)



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

DOCUMENT FROM MINISTRY OF ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE

To appoint list of research institutions to carry out state trials of pesticides and agrochemicals

9th of February, 2001



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

POLLUTION OF WATERSFor river waters is distinctive very high level of pollution with mineral forms of nitrogen. General vewing during the last 10 years showed decreasing of levels of nitrogen pollution but it is quite high.

WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE

AZOV SEAThere is a situation of increasing of mineral nitrogen in the Azov sea area. There is a situation of high level of mineralization in waters aroud of the Azov sea. Contents of nitrogen compounds is also very high (in 2000):• for NH4 compounds - from 1 to 9 times of MPC (maximum permissible

concentration)• for NO2 compounds – from 1 to 34 times of MPC

Contents of nitrogen compounds in the Azov sea is low – less than 1 MPC.Contents of petroleum products in the waters – from 1 to 2 MPC.Contents of phenolic compounds – about 3 MPC.



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

POLLUTION OF WATERS


BLACK SEA

The biggest pollution is observed with petroleum products – from 1 to 4.6 MPC.Contents of phenolic compounds is also very high – from 3 to 5 MPC.It is connected with very high level of technogenic influences.Contents of nitrogen compounds is not so high (in 2000):• for NH4 compounds – less than 1 MPC.

• for NO2 compounds – less than 1 MPC.

There is some increasing in contents of pesticide pollution in the Black Sea for chlorine-organic compounds.



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

The whole amount of lands was 60355 000 ha which was ap. 0.4% of the whole lands in the world.

Lands for agriculture using in Ukraine - >71% whichincludes arable lands 54% of the whole lands in Ukraine

During 1999 – 2000 years in Ukraine the whole amount of lands for agriculture using in comparing with situation in 1991 was decreased on 246 000 ha, including 106 000 ha arable lands.

STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE




17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of Agriculture in Ukraine as well as by Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology:

- in 1990 there were used in Ukraine 4.2 millions tones mineral fertilizers (in active substance), i.e. ap. 141 kg per 1 ha- in 1990 there were used 108 000 tones of pesticides , i.e. 3.2 kg per 1 ha

- in 2000 there were used in Ukraine 279 thousands tones (in active

substance), i.e. ap. 13 kg per 1 ha – in ap. 10 times less- in 2000 there were used 13 500 tones of pesticides , i.e. 0.4 kg per 1 ha –

in ap. 8 times less





17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of Agriculture in Ukraine as well as by Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology:

Our preliminary results showed decreasing pesticides and nitrates pollution levels both in soil and food (other forms of nitrogen substancies are not dangerous when are in soils due to microbiological activity).But there are some specific features for the decreasing processes:- low intensity of decreasing of nitrates in soils are detected- sometimes (depends from region of Ukraine) increasing of nitrates amounts in surface and drinking waters are observed (the same time using of mineral fertilizers are crucially decreased) - arising of very stable chlorine-organic substancies derived from pesticides or increased levels were detected.





17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

In Ukraine the whole amount of agricultural lands polluted with radionucleotides is more than 6700 000 ha. They include:- with pollution ab. 1 Ku per sq. km – 5600 000 ha- with pollution ab. 1-5 Ku per sq. km – 1000 000 ha- with pollution ab. 5-15 Ku per sq. km – 100 000 ha- with pollution ab. >15 Ku per sq. km – 27 000 haChornobyl Zone is 58 000 ha.

Our investigations on detecting radionuclides in food showed increased levels in various regions of Ukrainian Polissya, especially in milk and meat. We suppose such situation is a result of shrinking land melioration activities and decreasing use of fertilizers: Cs ione is an analoge of K ione and can compensate its absence.



Multiple Agroecological MonitoringMultiple Agroecological Monitoring

Sustainable Agroecosyste

ms

Sustainable Agroecosyste

ms

Modeling and predicting to develop

Agroecosystems

Modeling and predicting to develop

Agroecosystems

Modern Agrobiotechnologies

Modern Agrobiotechnologies

INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGYINSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGYINSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

STAGES OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINE

Biocenosis (natural

and agro)

Soil Water Resources

Monitoringof Phytobiota

Monitoringof Soil

Microbiota

Monitoringof Phytoviruses

Monitoringof Land Using

Monitoringof Chemical

Compounds in Soils

Monitoringof Radioactive

Elements

Natural and Anthropogenic Complex with the Same Geological and

Morphological Constructs as well as Climatic Conditions



17.09.2002 – 20.09-2002

PRZYSIEK, POLAND

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution


• Studying of microbe ecology in soils to increase biological activity of soils• Extended system to use biotic complexes in agriculture• Improvement of Nutrient Management system which should include also specificity of social structure in rural area• Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice• • • • • •

Documents

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES”