Appraisal of the Northern Shenandoah ValleyNon-Carbonate Aquifer System,Warren County, Virginia

January 25, 2011

Generalized geologic province map of Generalized geologic province map of Warren County, VirginiaWarren County, Virginia

Location of study area

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 1, p. 3

Average monthly precipitationAverage monthly precipitation

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 3, p. 5

Average annual precipitation across Warren Average annual precipitation across Warren County, Virginia, based on parameter-County, Virginia, based on parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM). model (PRISM).

Normal values are based on the National Weather Service’s current normal climatological period from 1971 to 2000.

Data from PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University, http://www.prismclimate.org, created 12 May 2009

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 4, p. 6

Geology from Rader and Conley (1995), Rader and Gathright (2001), Rader and others (2001, 2003), Virginia Division of Mineral Resources (2003), and Southworth and others (2009).

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 5, p. 8

Generalized hydrogeologic units of Generalized hydrogeologic units of Warren County, VirginiaWarren County, Virginia

Generalized hydrogeologic section across Warren County, VirginiaGeneralized hydrogeologic section across Warren County, Virginia

Modified from Rader and Conley (1995)

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 2, p. 4

Modified fromEarth Science Australia (2004); Harlow and others (2005).

Joint types and bedding in folded rocksJoint types and bedding in folded rocks

Generalized conceptual hydrogeologic longitudinal section of Generalized conceptual hydrogeologic longitudinal section of the flow system in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province in the flow system in the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province in Warren County, VirginiaWarren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 26, p. 41

Generalized conceptual hydrogeologic sections along Generalized conceptual hydrogeologic sections along strike and cross-strike in the siliciclastic fractured-rock strike and cross-strike in the siliciclastic fractured-rock flow system (Martinsburg Formation) in Warren County, flow system (Martinsburg Formation) in Warren County, Virginia.Virginia.

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 27, p. 42

Summary statistics of well-construction and hydrologic characteristics of the rock units Summary statistics of well-construction and hydrologic characteristics of the rock units in Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 8, p. 16

Summary statistics of well-construction and hydrologic characteristics of the rock units Summary statistics of well-construction and hydrologic characteristics of the rock units in Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Summary statistics of well-construction and hydrologic characteristics of the rock units Summary statistics of well-construction and hydrologic characteristics of the rock units in Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Depth to bedrock in Warren County, VirginiaDepth to bedrock in Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 9, p. 17

From Well-completion reports

Depth to top of upper reported water-bearing zones Depth to top of upper reported water-bearing zones in Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 10, p. 19

From Well-completion reports

Depth to top of lower reported water-bearing zones Depth to top of lower reported water-bearing zones in Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 11, p. 20

From Well-completion reports

Reported well yields in Warren County, VirginiaReported well yields in Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 12, p. 21

Density of wells with reported well yields Density of wells with reported well yields less than 5 gallons per minuteless than 5 gallons per minutein Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 13, p. 23

Density of wells with reported well yields Density of wells with reported well yields greater than 50 gallons per minutegreater than 50 gallons per minutein Warren County, Virginiain Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 14, p. 24

Location of streamflow gaging Location of streamflow gaging stations, springs, and wells in the stations, springs, and wells in the long-term water monitoring network long-term water monitoring network for Warren County, Virginia.for Warren County, Virginia.

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 15, p. 27

Water LevelsWater Levels

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 16, p. 28

Clarke County Carbonate Rock46W175 Blandy Farm

Warren County Siliciclastic Rock45V 3 Blue Ridge Shadows45V 4 Blue Ridge Shadows (Destroyed)

National Weather Service Climatological Station

443229 Front Royal, Virginia

Relation between water levels in well 45V 3, and combined effects of barometric Relation between water levels in well 45V 3, and combined effects of barometric pressure and earth tides, and of teleseismic earthquakes. pressure and earth tides, and of teleseismic earthquakes.

Magnitude 8.4 - Southern Sumatra, IndonesiaMagnitude 8.4 - Southern Sumatra, Indonesia2007 September 12 11:10:26 UTC2007 September 12 11:10:26 UTC

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 19, p. 31

Streamflow in Warren County, VAStreamflow in Warren County, VA

Warren County Streamflow Gages

USGS 01630700 Gooney Run at Route 622 near Glen Echo, VA

USGS 01636242 Crooked Run below Route 340 at Riverton, VA

USGS 0163626650 Manassas Run at Route 645 near Front Royal, VA

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 20, p. 32

USGS 01630700USGS 01630700

USGS 01636242USGS 01636242

USGS 0163626650USGS 0163626650

45VS 1 Weddle Spring (Carbonate)

46VS 17 High Knob Spring (Metamorphic)

Quarterly Spring Discharge in Quarterly Spring Discharge in Warren County, VAWarren County, VA

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 21, p. 33

45VS 145VS 1

46VS 1746VS 17

Riparian EvapotranspirationRiparian Evapotranspiration

Warren County Metamorphic Basins

Warren County Siliciclastic Basin

01630700 Gooney Run at Route 622 near Glen Echo, Va.0163626650 Manassas Run at Route 645 near Front Royal, Va.

01636242 Crooked Run below Route 340 at Riverton, Va.

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 22, p. 35

Apparent age data for

Shenandoah National Park sites from Plummer and others (2000)

Virginia Aquifer Susceptibility site from Nelms and others (2003).

Apparent age and percentage of young water Apparent age and percentage of young water fraction for sampling sites in Warren County, fraction for sampling sites in Warren County, VirginiaVirginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 24, p. 37

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Table 3, p. 39

Apparent groundwater ages and percentage of young fraction in water samples from Apparent groundwater ages and percentage of young fraction in water samples from wells and springs in Warren County, Virginia, 2003–2005.wells and springs in Warren County, Virginia, 2003–2005.

Apparent groundwater ages and percentage of young fraction in water samples from Apparent groundwater ages and percentage of young fraction in water samples from wells and springs in Warren County, Virginia, 2003–2005.wells and springs in Warren County, Virginia, 2003–2005.

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Table 3, p. 39

Hydrograph Separation—Streamflow Partitioning (PART)Hydrograph Separation—Streamflow Partitioning (PART)

Where the curves coincide, groundwater discharge equals streamflow.

Annual water budget components for the Gooney Run, Crooked Run, and Manassas Annual water budget components for the Gooney Run, Crooked Run, and Manassas Run Basins in Warren County, Virginia, 2001–2007Run Basins in Warren County, Virginia, 2001–2007

Annual water budget components for the Gooney Run, Crooked Run, and Manassas Annual water budget components for the Gooney Run, Crooked Run, and Manassas Run Basins in Warren County, Virginia, 2001–2007Run Basins in Warren County, Virginia, 2001–2007

Annual water budget components for the Gooney Run, Crooked Run, and Manassas Annual water budget components for the Gooney Run, Crooked Run, and Manassas Run Basins in Warren County, Virginia, 2001–2007Run Basins in Warren County, Virginia, 2001–2007

Relation between annual rates of precipitation, mean streamflow, and mean base flowRelation between annual rates of precipitation, mean streamflow, and mean base flow

National Weather Service climatological station 443229 Front Royal, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 31, p. 55

Relation between annual precipitation Relation between annual precipitation and effective rechargeand effective rechargeWarren County, Virginia Warren County, Virginia

Warren County Metamorphic Basins

Warren County Siliciclastic Basin

01630700 Gooney Run at Route 622 near Glen Echo, VA0163626650 Manassas Run at Route 645 near Front Royal, VA

01636242 Crooked Run below Route 340 at Riverton, VA

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 28, p. 47

Drainage basins and parcel Drainage basins and parcel acreage in Warren County, acreage in Warren County, Virginia Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 29, p. 51

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Table 7, p. 52-53

Physical and geologic characteristics, estimated effective recharge rates, andPhysical and geologic characteristics, estimated effective recharge rates, andestimated water use at buildout of ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginiaestimated water use at buildout of ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginia

Physical and geologic characteristics, estimated effective recharge rates, andPhysical and geologic characteristics, estimated effective recharge rates, andestimated water use at buildout of ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginiaestimated water use at buildout of ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginia

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Table 7, p. 52-53

Physical and geologic characteristics, estimated effective recharge rates, andPhysical and geologic characteristics, estimated effective recharge rates, andestimated water use at buildout of ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginiaestimated water use at buildout of ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginia

Estimated domestic water usage at buildout and varying percentages of annual Estimated domestic water usage at buildout and varying percentages of annual effective recharge for ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginia. effective recharge for ungaged basins in Warren County, Virginia.

•Estimated from the linear regression method of Yager and others (2008)

•Domestic usage based on 2.48 individuals per parcel multiplied by 75 gallons per day per person normalized over the drainage basin area.

•Current planning uses 50% of average annual effective recharge

Nelms and Moberg (2010)Figure 30, p. 54

Yager and others, 2008

http://va.water.usgs.gov/warren/pub.htm

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5190/

Publication AvailabilityPublication Availability