Setiawan WANGSAATMAJA & Arief SUTADIAN

The West Java EMA, Indonesia

Applying SWOT for Analysis of

A Case of Bandung Metropolitan Urban Water Quality Management:

WEST JAVA PROVINCE: 42.5 MILLION POPULATION

AREA: 3.7 MILLION HA

MAP: TJOEK-SOBIRIN 2005

WEST JAVA PROVINCE

METROPOLITAN BANDUNG

234,000 HA

INDONESIA

2009:

JAKARTA

Note: Unscale

N

Map: Bappenas & Wangsaatmaja, modified, 2010

Profile the Studied Area:

WRM in Bandung Metropolitan faces severe water problems

Challenges on water quality management

Measures to address water quality issues

The majority of previous studies focus on the examination of technical issues

A joint research among six southeast asian countries

Background:

N 200 People/Ha

POPULATION PRESSURE: SPATIAL, NATURAL RESOURCE & SOCIAL CONFLICT

7073527

2000: 6.178.955 People 2005: 6.923.900 People 2009: 7.073.527 People*

2010: 7.867.006 People 2015: 9.107.259 People 2020: 10.190.304 People 2025: 11.382.200 People

NEED TO EXPAND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES FURTHER OUT

IDEAL POPULATION: 3 4 Million People

BPLHD JAWA BARAT/ OTTO SOEMARWOTO/ 2004 *Data Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2009, BPS

Waste water from domestic source and lack of infrastructures (coverered area 24 50% over 5 past years)

Photos: PDAM Bandung, 2010

1. Facing ineffective of implementation command and control approach (standards, licensing and others)

2. Difficult to employ market based instruments (taxes, levies or Polluter Pay Principles)

Natural pollutans from upper area (land use pattern causing high erosion and run off level)

Sketch of monitoring results using STORET method (2001 2009)

Why using SWOT?

A tool for the planning and decision making process

It has been widely applied to environmental planning and water resources management

Easy to apply

Without appropriate procedure will be bias and subjective

Adopting IFAS & EFAS developed by other researchers (Noury et al., 2008)

SWOT ANALYIS:

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Strengths Opportunities

Available laws National strategic river

Leaders commitment Support from national & international institutions

Research concerned Private public partnerships Decentralization Collaborative exchange

Weaknesses Threats

Overlapping laws Population pressure Lack of coordination Infrastructures Lack of monitoring and data base Public awareness

Lack of law enforcement Climate change

Factors considered as internal and external factors:

INTERNAL Weight Score Rating Priority

Strengths

Available laws 15 3 45 II Leaders commitment 15 4 60 I Research concerned 10 4 40 III Decentralization 10 3 30 IV

Weaknesses

Overlapping laws 10 4 40 III Lack of coordination 15 4 60 I Lack of monitoring and data base 10 3 30 IV Lack of law enforcement 15 3 45 II

100

Internal Factors Analsysis Summary (IFAS)

Score: 4 (high), 3 (moderate), 3 (low), 1 (very low)

INTERNAL Weight Score Rating Priority

Opportunities

National strategic river 15 3 45 II Support from national & international institutions

15 4 60 I

Private public partnerships 10 4 40 III Collaborative exchange 10 3 45 IV

Threats National strategic river 15 3 45 II Support from national & international institutions

15 4 60 I

Private public partnerships 10 4 40 III Collaborative exchange 10 3 45 IV

100

External Factors Analsysis Summary (IFAS)

Score: 4 (high), 3 (moderate), 3 (low), 1 (very low)

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Leaders commitments Lack of coordination

Available laws Lack of law enforcement

Research concerned Overlapping laws

Decentralization Lack of monitoring and data base

OPPORTUNITIES

1. SO STRATEGY 3. WO STRATEGY

Support from national and international institutions

National strategic river/watershed

Private public partnership

Collaborative exchange

THREATS

2. ST STRATEGY 4. WT STRATEGY

Population pressure

Lack of infrastructures

Public awareness

Climate change

IFAS

EFAS

Proposed strategies

1. SO STRATEGY

Using the current top management to synergize stakeholders support

Optimising institutional support and the status of river by using the current top management commitment

Using the experiences and facilities of international institutions

Enhancing national and international funds to implement water programs

Using decentralization mechanism to maximize public private partnership to increase water infrastructures

Optimising results of alliance researches in implementing action plan

Developing collaborative research

2. ST STRATEGY

Using top management for population control policy

Establishing concerned laws on more clear governing authority

Endorsing the related cities to control their population growth

Increasing local government budget for providing infrastructures

Increasing publicity, training, education, demonstration site at Citarum River by community building and collaborative networks at local level

Conducting and improving research on climate change and the impacts to water quality

3. WO STRATEGY

Improving stakeholders coordination mechanism at implementation level

Improving inter sector coordination on government policy implementation

Improving law enforcement through integrated law enforcement team in strategic river basin

Reviewing the existing laws and regulations on water quality and other related laws

Involving community participation and public private partnerships

Establishing effective monitoring and targets which are agreed by concerned stakeholders

Preparing long term monitoring plan which is agreed by concerned stakeholders

4. WT STRATEGY

Improving integrated team coordination to control population pressure

Arranging incentive and disincentive regulation to control population

Using local government authority Establishing an integrated team to support

law enforcement mechanism

Developing community base monitoring to support water quality monitoring system

Improving community based sanitation to increase sanitation coverage over the river

Determining the number of integrated wastewater treatments

Conclussions This tool enables to provide an overview of

SWOT There are various proposed strategies could

be done in managing better water quality

Acknowledgements:

Dr. Lex Laksamana, the Secretary of the Government of West Java Province

Dr. Suttipong of GIST

THANK YOU

The West Java Environmental Management Agency, Indonesia Jl. Naripan No. 25 Bandung 40111 www.bplhdjabar.go.id