Applying HSPF in Cooper River Watershed for Watershed

Restoration Planning

Zeyuan Qiu

New Jersey Institute of Technology

September 20, 2007

Outline

• Why watershed modeling

• Why HSPF in Cooper River Watershed

• What is HSPF

• How to Apply HSPF

• A Plan to Apply HSPF in Cooper River Watershed

Why Watershed ModelingA watershed model simulates the biological and physical processes of runoff and pollutant generation and transport under different land use and management conditions in a watershed. Common reasons for watershed modeling:• Identifying the sources and causes• Evaluating the impacts of BMPs• Comparing the management scenarios• Water quality monitoring is limited and expensive

Why HSPF in Cooper River Watershed?

Cooper River Watershed is too complicated for other watershed models to handle:• Urban watershed (78 % Urban, 10 % forest, 8 % wetlands, little others).• Complicated in-stream and lake processes • Various pollutants (F. Coli., P, Metals)

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal ReconCadmium, Mercury01467155, 18-CO-2Cooper River N Br at Kresson3

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal ReconPhosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Arsenic01467155, 18-CO-2Cooper River N Br at Kresson5

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal ReconFecal Coliform01467155, 18-CO-2Cooper River N Br at Kresson4

NJDEP Clean Lakes, NJDEP Fish Tissue MonitoringPCBs, DioxinCooper River LakeCooper River Lake-185

NJDEP Clean Lakes, NJDEP Fish Tissue MonitoringPhosphorusCooper River LakeCooper River Lake-183

NJDEP Metal ReconChromium, Copper, Nickel, Selenium, Zinc18-CO-1Cooper River at Rt 130 at

Camden1

NJDEP Metal ReconCadmium18-CO-1Cooper River at Rt 130 at

Camden3

NJDEP Metal ReconArsenic, Lead, Mercury, Tetrachloroethylene18-CO-1Cooper River at Rt 130 at

Camden5

NJDEP/USGS DataPhosphorus01467120Cooper River at Lindenwold5

NJDEP/USGS DataFecal Coliform01467120Cooper River at Lindenwold4

NJDEP Fish Tissue MonitoringPCBs, DioxinCooper River at Hopkins Pond Cooper River at Hopkins Pond5

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon

Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate, Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Unionized Ammonia, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Selenium, Zinc

01467150, 01467140, 18-CO-4Cooper River at Haddonfield1

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal ReconCadmium, Mercury01467150, 01467140,

18-CO-4Cooper River at Haddonfield3

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal ReconArsenic, Lead, Tetrachloroethylene01467150, 01467140,

18-CO-4Cooper River at Haddonfield5

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal ReconPhosphorus, Fecal Coliform01467150, 01467140,

18-CO-4Cooper River at Haddonfield4

Data SourceParametersSite IDStation Name/WaterbodySublist

NJDEP Clean Lakes, NJDEP Fish Tissue MonitoringPCBs, Dioxin

Cooper River-Main stem above Evans Lake

Cooper River-Main stem above Evans Lake3

NJDEP Fish Tissue MonitoringPCBs, DioxinCooper River, spillway

below Evans PondCooper River, spillway below

Evans Pond5

NJDEP AMNETBenthic MacroinvertebratesAN0191Cooper River S Br at Rt 41 in

Cherry Hill3

NJDEP AMNETBenthic MacroinvertebratesAN0189Cooper River S Br at Gibbsboro

Rd in Gibbsboro5

NJDEP AMNETBenthic MacroinvertebratesAN0190Cooper River S Br at Evesham

Rd in Cherry Hill5

NJDEP Fish Tissue MonitoringMercuryCooper River ParkCooper River Park-181

NJDEP AMNETBenthic MacroinvertebratesAN0187Cooper River N Br at Springdale

Rd in Cherry Hill5

NJDEP AMNETBenthic MacroinvertebratesAN0188Cooper River N Br at River Dr in

Cherry Hill5

NJDEP AMNETBenthic MacroinvertebratesAN0186Cooper River N Br at Kresson Rd

in Voorhees3

NJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon

Temperature, Nitrate, Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Unionized Ammonia, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Selenium, Zinc01467155, 18-CO-2Cooper River N Br at Kresson1

Data SourceParametersSite IDStation Name/WaterbodySublist

What is HSPFHSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program –Fortran) simulates for extended periods of time the hydrologic, water quality, and associated processes on pervious and imperious land surface and in streams and well-mixed impoundment. • Have the root in the Stanford Watershed Model (Crawford and Linsley, 1966).• Its development has been continuously supported by EPA and USGS.• Its current version HSPF V.12 (WinHSPF) is incorporated into EPA’s BASINS.

Components Of Water Quality Problems And Pollution

Constituents Sources in HSPF

• Initial storages

• Nonpoint loadings

• Point loadings

• Atmospheric deposition

• Chemical transformations

• Releases from the channel bottom

• Atmospheric gas invasion

Land Segments

Land surface is viewed as three type of segments. A segment is a portion of land assumed to have uniform properties.

• Pervious land segment (PERLND) with snow, surface, upper, lower and ground water zones, which allow infiltration

• Imperious land segment (IMPLND) with little or no infiltration such as urban areas

• Reaches (RCHRES) such as river, stream, mixed lakes/reservoirs

HSPF Application AND Utility Modules

PERLND IMPLND RCHRES

Application Modules

Snow Snow Hydraulics

Water Water Conservative

Sediment Solids Temperature

Quality Quality Sediment

Pesticide Nonconservative

Nitrogen BOD/DO

Phosphorus Nitrogen

Tracer Phosphorus

Carbon

Plankton

Utility Modules

DISPLY

Tabulate, summarize

MUTSIN

Input sequential

COPY PLTGEN

Data transfer

Plot data

DURANL GENER

Duration Transform or CombineAnalysis

time-series data

PERLND

MSTLAY

PEST

NITR

PHOS

TRACER

ATEMP

SNOW

PWATER

SEDMNT

PSTEMP

PWTGAS

PQUAL

PERLND Structure Chart

AGCHEM

Correct air temperature

Simulate a pervious land segment

Simulate snow and ice

Simulate water budget

Simulate sediment

Estimate soil temperature(s)

Estimate water temperature and gas concentrations

Simulate general quality constituents

Estimate solutetransport

Simulate pesticides

Simulate nitrogen

Simulate phosphorus

Simulate a conservativetracer

IMPLND Structure Chart

impervious

Simulatewaterbudgetfor

landsegment

Accumulateand removesolids

Simulatewatertempera-tures anddissolvedgas concs.

(seemodulePERLND)

ATEMP SNOW IWATER SOLIDS IWTGAS IQUAL

IMPLNDPerformcomputa-tions on asegment ofimperviousland

(seemodulePERLND)

Simulate qualityconstituentsusing simplerelationshipswith solidsand/or wateryield

Simulate constituentsinvolved in biochem-ical transformations

RCHRES

HYDR

ADCALC

CONS

GQUAL

RQUAL

HTRCH

SEDTRN

RCHRES Structure Chart

Simulate hydraulic behavior

Simulate a reach or mixed reservoir

Estimate advectivebehavior of constituents

Simulate conservativeconstituents

Simulate heat exchange andwater temperature

Simulate inorganicsediment

Simulate generalized quality constituents

UCI file

ANNIE

WDMUtil

WDM file

Measured time series:- meteorology- hydrology- point sources

GIS coverages:- land use/cover- watersheds- topography- hydrography- soils

GIS

flat fileHSPF

HSPF SYSTEM INTERACTIONS

Meteorological Time Series Data For HSPF

Tem

p.

Sed

imen

t

Soi

l Tem

p.

Gen

. Qua

l.

DO

Pla

nkto

n

Wat

er

Sno

w

Wat

er

Hea

t

Ag.

Che

m.*

Precipitation

Pot. ET

Air Temperature

Wind Speed

Solar Radiation

Dewpoint Temp.

Cloud Cover

[1][2]

[3]

[4]

Required

Optional

For PWATER

For PSTEMP

If volatilization from lake is simulatedIf photolysisis simulated

If RCHRESis a lake

[5]

PERLND/IMPLND RCHRES

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3] [5]

[4]

Watershed Data Management (WDM) File

A WDM file is a binary, direct access file that stores watershed characteristic data and time series data, such as channel function table (F table), water quality and climate data

WDM

DSN 1

DSN 2

DSN i

…...

File Data sets Detailed data

properties

records

User Control Input (UCI) File

• An UCI file is a text file with a specific format that contains model parameters and function flags that control HSPF modeling processes• Parameters and function flags are organized into different function blocks such as “RUN” ended with “END RUN”• Complicity of an UCI file depends on the HSPF model functions that would be used

UCI Blocks

Run Specification Blocks:GLOBALFILESOPN SEQUENCE

Operation Module Blocks:PERLNDIMPLNDRCHRESCOPY

etc.

Time Series Linkage Blocks:EXT SOURCESNETWORKSCHEMATICMASS-LINKEXT TARGETS

Other:FTABLESSPEC-ACTIONSCATEGORYMONTH-DATAPATHNAMES

Applying HSPF Using BASINS 4.0

MapWindowMapWindow

WinHSPF 12.0WinHSPF 12.0

BASINS 4.0BASINS 4.0

GenSCNGenSCN

WDMUtilWDMUtil

HSPFParmHSPFParm

HSPFEXPHSPFEXP

PESTPEST

HSPFHSPF

Applying HSPF Using ArcHydro2HSPF

• Developed by Nathan Johnson at University of Texas at Austin

• Uses the Geodatabase and ModelBuilderto process GIS data and to build the HSPF model

• Two tool boxs:• “crwrHSPFTools” contains custom

Geoprocessing tools to aid in HSPF model development; and

• “crwrArcHydro2HSPFModels” contains ModelBuilder models which link Geoprocessing tools together.

Time Series DataThe following hourly or daily data are generally needed

• Inputs: air temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, wind speed, solar radiation, dewpoint temperature, cloud cover

• For calibration: stream flow, sediment, nutrients and pesticide concentration in stream

Weather StationsThere are 2 weather station data directly available from EPA BASINS:

• Philadelphia• India Mill

There might be some weather station data maintained by South Jersey RC&D that can be used in the modeling.

Redefine the Land UsesThere are 6 types of land uses and 56 sub categories of land uses.

Classify them into different types of PERLND and IMPLND land segments taking into consideration of• Soils• Weather• Intensity of land uses• Spatial variations

HSPF Parameter EvaluationThere are two types of parameters• Physical parameters derived from land use,

soil, topography, and stream information• Calibration parameters

Possible sources for parameter evaluation

• ARM, NPS, and HSPF User’s manuals• Applications in related areas such

HSPFParm• Model calibration process

Model Calibration

• Calibration is an interactive procedure of parameter evaluation and refinement by comparing simulated and observed values of interest• Calibration is the most critical process to HSPF application• Land surface calibration related to PERLND and IMPLND segments• Instream Calibration related to RCHRES segments

BMP Scenarios• Stormwater recharge through rain gardens, dry wells and bio-detention basins.• Buffers• Street clearing• Various land use/management activities

More info …• http://www.epa.gov/athens/research/modeling/ftable/index.htm

Questions & Comments