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Applying a HRBA to Monitoring the Implementation of the AfT:
Review of Basic Principles
Applying a HRBA to Monitoring the Implementation of the AfT:
Review of Basic Principles
Lucila Beato UNMIL/HRPSBuchanan, 15/11/2012
1. What is Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA)?2. The HRBA in the Development Processes3. Linking Rights with Results: Monitoring and Evaluation
1. What is Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA)?2. The HRBA in the Development Processes3. Linking Rights with Results: Monitoring and Evaluation
The development process is normatively based on
international HR standards and principles
It recognizes human beings as rights-holders and establishes
obligations for duty-bearers.
It focuses on discriminated and marginalized groups
It aims for the progressive achievement of all human rights
It gives equal importance to the outcome and process of
development
The development process is normatively based on
international HR standards and principles
It recognizes human beings as rights-holders and establishes
obligations for duty-bearers.
It focuses on discriminated and marginalized groups
It aims for the progressive achievement of all human rights
It gives equal importance to the outcome and process of
development
What is a Human Rights Based Approach?What is a Human Rights Based Approach?
Rhetorical repackaging?Political conditionality?
Adding human rights activities?
What is a human rights-based approach to development?
A HRBA helps the UN and partners to answer 4 critical questions:
Who has been left behind and why?
What are they entitled to?
Who has to do something about it?
What do they need, to take action?
Intrinsic value based on universal values Universal legal standards for a life with dignityInstrumental to intervention strategies Addresses power inequalities and discrimination Deals with weaknesses in accountability systems Objective framework to manage conflicts and seek
redressInstitutional reasons (UN comparative advantage) Impartiality to deal with sensitive issues Holistic analysis and integral responses to problems
Intrinsic value based on universal values Universal legal standards for a life with dignityInstrumental to intervention strategies Addresses power inequalities and discrimination Deals with weaknesses in accountability systems Objective framework to manage conflicts and seek
redressInstitutional reasons (UN comparative advantage) Impartiality to deal with sensitive issues Holistic analysis and integral responses to problems
Why a human rights-based approach?Why a human rights-based approach?
What is a Human Rights-Based Approach?
• Conscious and systematic integration of human rights standards and human rights principles in all aspects of programming work
Step by Step to a HRBA
1. Situation Assessme
nt and Analysis
2. Planning and Design
4. Monitoring and Evaluation 3.
Implementation
Human Rights Principles
A HRBA…
• Emphasizes processes and outcomes• Draws attention to marginalized populations• Works towards equitable service delivery• Extends and deepens participation• Ensures local ownership of development
processes• Strengthens accountability of all actors
The Human Rights Based Approachin the Development Process
The Human Rights Based Approachin the Development Process
1. All programmes of development co-operation should further the realization of human rights as laid down in the
UDHR and other international human rights instruments
1. All programmes of development co-operation should further the realization of human rights as laid down in the
UDHR and other international human rights instruments
The realization of human rights is the ultimate goal of all
development programmes
HRBA influences the identification of the strategic priorities
Programming is informed by the recommendations of International
HR bodies and mechanisms
The realization of human rights is the ultimate goal of all
development programmes
HRBA influences the identification of the strategic priorities
Programming is informed by the recommendations of International
HR bodies and mechanisms
GOALGOAL
2) Human rights standards and principles guide all development cooperation and
programming in all sectors and in all phases of the programming process
2) Human rights standards and principles guide all development cooperation and
programming in all sectors and in all phases of the programming process
Human Rights standards and principles improve the quality of
outcomes and processes
Human rights standards delineate the ‘playing field’ in which
development takes place
HR principles provide the “playing rules” for the development
process.
Human Rights standards and principles improve the quality of
outcomes and processes
Human rights standards delineate the ‘playing field’ in which
development takes place
HR principles provide the “playing rules” for the development
process.
PROCESSPROCESS
ASSESSMENT & ANALYSIS
PRIORITY SETTING
PROGRAMME PLANNINGAND DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
…The integration of human rights principles and standards into all stages of the programming process…
The normative content of the right: the type of claims and corresponding obligations contained in a right
The normative content of the right: the type of claims and corresponding obligations contained in a right
In programming, the standards guide:
…Identification of development challenges as human rights issues (assessment)
…Analysis of roles and capacities of rights-holders and duty bearers
…Definition of development objectives
…Formulation of corresponding benchmarks and indicators
In programming, the standards guide:
…Identification of development challenges as human rights issues (assessment)
…Analysis of roles and capacities of rights-holders and duty bearers
…Definition of development objectives
…Formulation of corresponding benchmarks and indicators
Human Rights Standards
Human Rights PrinciplesHuman Rights Principles
Universality and inalienability
Indivisibility
Interdependence and Inter-
relatedness
Equality and non-discrimination
Participation and inclusion
Accountability and rule of law
Universality and inalienability
Indivisibility
Interdependence and Inter-
relatedness
Equality and non-discrimination
Participation and inclusion
Accountability and rule of law
Empowerment↑↑Joint decision making↑↑Consultation↑↑Information sharing
Empowerment↑↑Joint decision making↑↑Consultation↑↑Information sharing
« The Government will promote farmer-based organization as representatives of farming communities and will ensure their role in local level planning. FBOs will play a key role in defining the kinds of services to be provided and will be the main mechanism for building the capacity of farmers » (Liberia PRS, p. 63).
« The Government will promote farmer-based organization as representatives of farming communities and will ensure their role in local level planning. FBOs will play a key role in defining the kinds of services to be provided and will be the main mechanism for building the capacity of farmers » (Liberia PRS, p. 63).
Participation and empowerment: both a means and an end
3) Development cooperation contributes to the development of the capacities of ‘duty-bearers’ to meet their obligations and/or of ‘rights-holders’ to
claim their rights
3) Development cooperation contributes to the development of the capacities of ‘duty-bearers’ to meet their obligations and/or of ‘rights-holders’ to
claim their rights
Focus on relation individuals-State (claims-
obligations)
Shifting development from service delivery as
primary focus to building capacity to claim and fulfil
human rights
States require capacity to strengthen national
protection systems and comply with their obligations
Focus on relation individuals-State (claims-
obligations)
Shifting development from service delivery as
primary focus to building capacity to claim and fulfil
human rights
States require capacity to strengthen national
protection systems and comply with their obligations
OUTCOMEOUTCOME
Rights-holders and Duty-bearersRights-holders and Duty-bearers
Right-holders:
6,652,595,567 persons
Every individual, either a
man woman or child, of
any race, ethnic group or
social condition
To some extent groups
Right-holders:
6,652,595,567 persons
Every individual, either a
man woman or child, of
any race, ethnic group or
social condition
To some extent groups
Duty-bearers:Much less
Primarily States In some cases individuals
have specific obligations Individuals and private
entities have generic responsibilities towards the community to respect the rights of others
Duty-bearers:Much less
Primarily States In some cases individuals
have specific obligations Individuals and private
entities have generic responsibilities towards the community to respect the rights of others
The role of Capacity Development
CLAIMING AND EXERCISING
RIGHTS
FULFILLING OBLIGATIONS
REALISATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
CAPACITIES FOR ACCOUNTABILITY
CAPACITIES FOR EMPOWERMENT
Linking Rights with Results:Monitoring & Evaluation
Linking Rights with Results:Monitoring & Evaluation
Monitoring vs. EvaluationMonitoring Evaluation
Systematic, ongoing
During programme implementation
Tracking of activities and progress
According to AWP
For short term corrective action
Accountability for implementation
Contributes to evaluation
Conducted by insiders
Are we doing things right?
Systematic, periodic
During and after programme implementation
Judgment of merit, value or worth of a programme/project
Compared to evaluation criteria (relevance, effectiveness, impact)
For decision-making about future programmes
Accountability for results
For office & organizational learning
Conducted by impartial outsiders
Did we do the right things?
Measures of performance
Monitoring = Are we doing things right?
Evaluation = Did we do the right things?
Indicators = How do we know?
What is an indicator?
A tool to measure:
(i) evidence of progress towards a result or (ii) that a result has been achieved
Indicators can be:
(i) quantitative (ii) qualitative
HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation Systems
HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation Systems
What to measure?
Programme performance (Impact, Outcomes,
Output)
Programme process: Participation, accountability
and non-discrimination
Programme context:
existence of laws, policies and institutional
mechanisms
Duty-bearers’ efforts to meet their obligations
Right-holders’ disparities in enjoying rights
What to measure?
Programme performance (Impact, Outcomes,
Output)
Programme process: Participation, accountability
and non-discrimination
Programme context:
existence of laws, policies and institutional
mechanisms
Duty-bearers’ efforts to meet their obligations
Right-holders’ disparities in enjoying rights
Based on claims and obligations in human rights standards
Based on claims and obligations in human rights standards
Based on human rights principles
Based on human rights principles
HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation
HRBA to Monitoring & Evaluation
How to measure?
Identify the rights-holders and duty-bearers who will contribute to the M&E process either as:
-Information providers, for example line ministries-Independent information interpreters, for example National Human Rights Institutions
Bring them together in a participatory process
Ensure access to available information and data on the programme
How to measure?
Identify the rights-holders and duty-bearers who will contribute to the M&E process either as:
-Information providers, for example line ministries-Independent information interpreters, for example National Human Rights Institutions
Bring them together in a participatory process
Ensure access to available information and data on the programme