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8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
1/20
Kaml h in h
DepartmentofHumanities&SocialSciences
,
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
2/20
Tounderstandtheappliedaspectswewilldealwithsomee evantresearc papers;
Air Ion: Spatial Variation in Air Ion Concentrationsunder different Indoor Environments.
Effect of ne ative air ions on h siolo ical and
perceived psychological stress during computero eration.
Population Density & Mental Stress
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SpatialVariationinAirIonConcentrations
TermIon"comesfromtheGreekfor"traveler".,
Ionsaremoleculesthathavegainedorlostelectrical
charges. Therearetwokindofairionspresentintheenvironment
thatis ositiveairions PAI andne ativeairions NAI
whenthemoleculeloseelectronstheybecomespositivelychar edandwhen ainoneormoreelectronsthe becomesnegativelycharged,(Soyka & Edrnonds,1977)
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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Negative Air Ions are said to be beneficial for
re uc ng e e ec o compu er or en e s ress,Psychological stress, asthma & bronchialdisease, migraines etc.
environmental conditions like humidity,
,etc. in the natural environment.
They vary significantly in different environment
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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Cont
Methodology:
IITDelhiwhichdependsontheTemperatureandHumidityConditions.
Measures&Instruments:AirIonCounter,Appropriate
Results:(InConcentration)
=
MediumCategory (100200ions/cc)=PGLab/Carpentry.
ow ategory
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8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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NAIandPs cholo ical&Perceivedstress: The effect of Negative Air Ions (NAI) exposure on physiological
computer operation.
Methodolo :Sub ects 20Em lo ees 12malesandei htfemales)participatedinthestudy.Theagerangewas2435years
withagemean28.9years.
3 Conditions
Control condition
Placebo condition
Experimental (therapeutic condition)
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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Conditionno.1(controlcondition)
no.2(controlcondition
no.3(experimentalcondition)
placeboeffect)Condition
(airionsgeneratoron)
ConditionWhen
theairionWhentheairion
generatorwaskeptatWhentheairion
generatorwaskeptatgeneratorwasnotkeptatallintheir
a stanceo 1m romthepersonbutitwas
a stanceo 1m romthepersonandwas
, ,
testingwasdoneinnaturalconditions
.
subjectwaskeptunawareofthefact
.
thatthegeneratoris
not
switched
on.
This
was one oana yzethepsychological
onthesubject.
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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Air Ions Generator was used to generate NAI for the
.Air Ion Counter
MonitoringDevices (Adigitaldevicethatmeasured
bloodpressureandpulserate) PerceivedStressQuestionnaire:Alongwithdemographic
information, questionsrelatedtocomputerorientedstress(fouritems)andpsyc o og ca s ress 13 ems wereprepare . ues onsre a e o epsychologicalstresshavemainlyfocusedinthepresentstudyonfrustration,irritability,uneasiness,anxiety,discomfort,inabilitytoconcentrate,timepressure,hopelessness,feelingoflackofcontrol andphysiologicalsymptoms,likeheadache,sweating,duringthelasttwohoursfeltbythesubjects.
significant differences.
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Results: Physiological parameters also indicated that blood
pressure and heart rates were reverted towards normalcyun er t erapeut c con t ons w en were
generated). eart eats was s gn cant y erent n t erapeut c
(experimental) condition (F = 6.0, p < 0.01). Subjects ins con on were av ng norma ear ra e
(Systole/Diastole Ratio) as compared to other conditions.
ompu eror en e s ressan psyc o og ca s resseswerealsosignificantlyreducedintherapeutic(experimental)
.
Therapeutic conditions where we introduce abundance of
psychological stress. (PDF)
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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PopulationDensityandMentalStress
KamleshSingh&MuktaSingvi(20022004)
De iningcrow ing
Crowdingvs.density Socialdensityvs.spatialdensity
Insidedensit vs.outsidedensit
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Sampleandresearchdesign
A3x3factorialdesignwasusedtostudythreedifferentlevelseachofthetwoindependentvariablesi.e.inside
ens ty an outs e ens ty . usn negroups
were
formed
accordingly
and
30
adult
subjects
were
a en neac group.
Tocontrolthesexvariable,matchingwasdoneso15
ma e
an
15
ema e
su ec s
were
a en
n
eac
categorymakingatotalsampleof9x30 or270subjects.
economicstrataofthesociety.Thecriteriafor
,measuringinsideandoutsidedensityweretakenasfollowin .
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InsideDensity
S arseinside:Withinthiscriterionthose eo leweretaken
wholivedinsmallfamiliesi.e.14peopleinonehouse(theaveragesizeofthehousewas200squarefeetapproximately).
Moderateinside:Similarlypeoplewholivedinmediumsized
familiesi.e59personsperhousewastaken. Denseinside:Peoplewholivedinlargefamiliesi.e.10
ersonsandabovewithinahouseof200s uarefeetwas
taken.
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OutsideDensity
S arseoutside: Withinthiscriterionthose eo leweretaken
wholivedinhouses(200sq.feetapproximately)whichweresituatedinthoseresidentialareasinwhichtherewereonly120housesper10,000sq.meters(approximately).Theywere
takenfromtheoutskirts,whichwereconsideredtobethemostsparseareasofJaipur.
Moderateoutside:Similarlythosepeoplewholivedinhouses
whichweresituatedinthoseareasofJaipurcityinwhichtherewere2040housesper10,000sq.metersapprox mate ywereta en.
Dense
outside:
Within
this
criterion
those
people
were
taken
w o ve n ousess tuate nt oseres ent a areas nwhichtherewere40andmorehousesper10,000sq.meters
, . .
taken.
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Results
mentalstressrespectively,(psychologicalfactors,physicalfactorsaswellasdepression),
butoutsidedensityissignificantlyaffectingonlyonecomponent
ofmentalstress,i.e.psychologicalcomponent. Itdoesnotaffectphysicalcomponentanddepression,maybeduetothefactthatpsychologicalfactorsarefrequentlyandmosteasilyaffected,
affectedbyexternalproximity/density.
,thethreecomponentsrespectively.
B andlar e thefindin softhe resentstud brin outtheimportanceoftheroleofinsideandoutsidepopulationdensityonthethreedifferentcomponentsofmentalstress.
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SectionII:PersonalityDimensionsandFeelingofCrowdingase a ng ar a es n ns e ense reas
Thepurposeofthepresentinvesti ationwastoseetheeffectofpersonalitydimensionsandfeelingofcrowdingon
thevariouscomponentsofmentalstressinareasofhighinsidedensity.
Asampleof135coupleswasselectedrandomlyfromareasof
highinsidedensity. AtestofMentalStressbyPowell(2000),ScaleofFeelingof
CrowdingbyU.C.Jain(1983)andMaudsley Personality
Inventory
(MPI)
byEysenck (1959)
were
used
to
measure
t ementa stress, ee ingo crow ingan persona itydimensionsrespectively.
8/7/2019 Applied Environmental Psychology
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Thenthesubjectswereclassifiedinto4groupsaccordingtothefollowingclassification:
HHHighfeelingofcrowding&extroverts,
LH Lowfeelingofcrowding&extroverts,I
E
HL Highfeelingofcrowding&introverts,
LL Lowfeelin ofcrowdin &introverts.
E
Similarlytheprocesswasrepeatedbytakingscoresoffeelingofcrowdin andtheneuroticismstabilit dimension.
Secondclassification:HH Highfeelingofcrowding&neuroticism LH Lowfeelin ofcrowdin &neuroticism
HL Highfeelingofcrowding&emotionallystable,
LL Lowfeelin ofcrowdin &emotionall stable.
Afterthesubjectswereclassifiedintothesegroups,theirm ntal tr r DVw r tak nan tati ti alanal i
wascarriedout.
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Onthebasisofpersonalitydimensionsandfeelingofcrowding,differentgroupswereidentifiedandthedifferentcomponentsof
menta stresswereta enast e epen ent varia es. Itwasfoundthatonlythepsychologicalandphysicalfactorsof
s resswerea verse ya ec e y g ee ngo crow ngan no thedepressionfactor.
,introvertsthaninextrovertsandpsychologicalandphysicalfactorswerenotaffectedb thedimensionofintroversion
extraversion.
Furthersubjectshighonneuroticismexperiencedmoredepressionandhadmoreofthepsychologicalaswellasthephysicalfactorsofstressthantheemotionallystablesubjects.
However,theinteractiveeffectoffeelingofcrowdingandextraversionintroversionaswellasfeelingofcrowdingand
componentsofmentalstress.
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SectionIII:PopulationDensityand
Thethirdindependentvariablestudiedwassex(C)andour
scores.TheFratioforsex(C)was4.63,whichwassignificant
femaleswere37.51and41.55respectively,whichshowsthatinourstud femaleshadhi hermentalstressthanmalesand
thismeandifferencewassignificantat0.05level. Twoassum tions
Spendmoretime inthehouse
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Thanks