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Applications of Photonic Technology 2 Communications, Sensing, Materials, and Signal Processing
Applications of Photonic Technology 2 Communications, Sensing, Materials, and Signal Processing
Edited by
George A. Lampropoulos A.U.G. Signals Ltd. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
and
Roger A. Lessard Universite Laval Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:
International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology, Sens ing, Signal Processing, and Communications (1994: Toronto, Ont.)
Applications of photonic technology 1 edited by George A. Lampropoulos, Jacek Chrostowski, and Raymond M. Measures. p. cm.
lncludes bibliographical references and index.
1. Photonics-Congresses. 1. Lampropoulos. George A. II. Chrostowski, Jacek. III. Measures, Raymond M. IV. Title. TAI520.f56 1995
621.36-dc20 95-32967
CIP
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology (ICAPT '96), held July 29-August 1, 1996, in Montreal, Canada
ISBN 978-1-4757-9252-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-9250-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9250-8
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1997.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1997
http://www.plenum.com
10987654321
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, rnicrofilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This book presents a current review ofphotonic technologies and their applications. The papers published in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the International Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'96) held in Montreal, Canada, on July 29 to August 1, 1996. The theme of this event was "Closing the Gap Between Theory, Developments and Applications."
The term photonics covers both optics and optical engineering areas of growing scientific and commercial importance throughout the world. It is estimated that photonic technology-related applications to increase exponentially over the next few years and will play a significant role in the global economy by reaching a quarter of a trillion of US dollars by the year 2000. The global interest and advancements of this technology are represented in this book, where leading scientists of twenty-two countries with advanced technology in photonics present their latest results.
The papers selected herein are grouped to address six distinct areas ofphotonic technology. The reader will find throughout the book a combination of invited and contributed papers which reflect the state of the art today and provide some insight about the future of this technology.
The first two papers are invited. They discuss business aspects ofphotonic engineering. One examines if chip-to-chip interconnections by means of optical technology are a good economic choice, while the other discusses the photonic technology from entrepreneurial viewpoint.
Papers related to materials and considered for photonic applications, e.g., lasers and laser technology and applications using optics, have been assembled under the section "Optical Materials, Lasers and Applied Optics."
In the following section the reader will find papers on optical transmission and amplification of signals under the title "Optical Communications." Optical Communications currently dominate the way oftransmission through optical fibers, optical switches, and gigabit networks. Furthermore, photonics play an important role in the evolution oflnternet and information superhighways.
A large section is devoted to "Photonic Devices" where the reader will find papers on optical interconnects, new optoelectronic components, waveguide devices, and photon detection devices and techniques.
"Optical Computing, Signal and Image Processing" also represents a very important area in photonic technology. Invited papers present optical neural networks used as a security devices and for image classification. This section also includes papers related to remote sensing and infrared technology. With the increasing availability of information through multispectra and hyper-spectra multi-sensor distributed systems, advanced signal and image-processing algorithms, devices with large storage (i.e., optical devices) and high-speed computing (i.e., optical computing) are required.
v
The last section puts together papers related to "Optical Measurements." Invited and contributed papers describe sensors and measurements techniques from theory to applications for mechanical, structural, medical, industrial, chemical, and environmental purposes.
All the contributions in this book were selected due to their great impact and potential in applications of photonics. We feel confident that this book will be a good reference for those working in photonics and a good starting point for those entering the field.
G.A. Lampropoulos R.A. Lessard
CONTENTS
Part I PROTONIC ENGINEERING AND BUSINESS
Optical Chip Interconnections: Economically Viable? ......................... . Maarten Kuijk, Kamel Ayadi, Roger Vounckx, GustaafBorghs, Gerhard Bickel
and Paul Heremans
Photon Capital: A Subsidy for Photonic Entrepreneurs Carl W. Nelson
Part II OPTICAL MATERIALS, LASERS AND APPLIED OPTICS
Materials
Functionalized Polymers for Electro-Optic Modulation through Grating-Induced
7
Resonant Excitation of Guided Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 G. Blau, G. Vitrant, P-A. Chollet, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar
Graded Effective Index Planar Polymer Waveguides with Application to Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
J. N. McMullin, D. W. Boertjes, M. Krishnaswamy, and B. P. Keyworth
Nonlinear Polarization Shaping in a Nematic Liquid Crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Gary Galstian and Tigran Galstyan
Refractive Index Gratings in CA3MN2GEp 12 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 R.A. Rupp, B. Sugg, and S.L. Gnatchenko
Ti:LiNb03 Single-Mode Waveguide Fabrication Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 S. Fernandez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Garcia, S. L. Palacios Diaz, R. Diaz Crespo,
J.M. Fernandez Diaz, and A. Guinea Rueda
Optical Parametric Process in Crystalline Molecular Layered Confinement Structures: Second Harmonic Generation in Microcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Serge Gauvin and Joseph Zyss
PZT Thin Films by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 D.X. Lu, E.M.W. Wong, E.Y.B. Pun, P.S. Chung, and G.C. Jia
vii
Ferroelectric and Second Order Nonlinear Optical Effects in Surface Crystallized 0.50 Te02-0.50 LiNb03 Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
M.V. Shankar and K.B.R. Varma
Lasers
Solitons in Femtosecond Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Michel Piche, Jean-Francois Cormier, Allaoua Belahlou, Isabelle Richard, and
Xiaonong Zhu, and Simon Debluis
Fast Frequency Shift of Laser Diode by Optical Short Pulse Irradiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Ryoji Ohba, Sasono Rahardjo, Seiichi Kakuma, Norihiko Takahashi,
Toshiyuki Suzuki, Takushi Tanaka, and Yuichiro Nariyoshi
Threshold Condition of Single-Mode Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Jianyao Chen, Alain Champagne, Roman Maciejko, and Toshihiko Makino
Demonstration of a Cold Start Procedure for a Laser Source Frequency-Locked to Molecular Absorption Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Jean Fran~ois Cliche, Michel Tetu, Christine Latrasse, Claude Gamache, Normand Cyr, and Bernard Villeneuve
Holographic Mirrors for Laser Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Reza Massudi, Jean-Fran~ois Lepage, Genevieve Anctil, Sebastien Gilbert,
Damien Stryckman, Nathalie McCarthy, and Michel Piche
Phase-Noise Measurement of a Stabilized Single-Longitudinal-Mode Er3+-Doped Fiber Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Veronique Fran~ois, Gregory W. Schinn, Serguei Tchouragoulov, and Marc Levesque
Theoretical Modeling ofEr-doped Waveguide Laser Using Time-Domain Algorithm 99 T.I. Yuk, Y.M. Ma, S.F. Yu, and J.C. Palais
Applied Optics
Airborne Obstacle Avoidance Lidar Using Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers .. 105 Fran~ois Seguin, Eric S. Johnstone, and Franz Blaha
Diffractive Lens Dispersion Characteristic as Wavemeter For Optical Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Simon Thibault
High Efficiency Diffractive Optical Elements for Beam Coupling and Array Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Yunlong Sheng, Dazeng Feng, Francois Galmiche, and Peter Kung
New Model for the Mutual Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Composite Media ................................................. 125
G.R. Flynn, L. Malley, C.R. Schwarze, D.A. Pommet, and M.A. Fiddy
Second-Harmonic Generation in the Nonlinear Relief Grating Coupler Mitsuhiro Yokota
viii
131
Ultrafast Reflectivity and Wave-Mixing Response ofGaAs Fabry-Perot Microcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Rainer Buhleier, Jean Louis Iehl, Jacques Henri Collet, Veronique Bardinal, Chantal Fontaine, Martin Hubner, and Jurgen Kuhl
Opto-Mechantronics: A New Concept of System Design ........................ 143 Kexing Liu
Proposal for a New Actuator for Optical Disk ................................ 149 Miguel Angel Partida Tapia, Francisco Flavio Cordova Quiroz,
Eduardo Rodriguez Escobar, Oscar Camacho Nieto, Adriano D'Luca, and Jose F. Delgado Frias
Relaxation of Holographic Record in the System with Annihilating Centers ........ 157 Michael G. Kucherenko
Part III OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
Suppression of the Soliton Frequency Shifts in a Two Channel WDM System ....... 167 A. Selvarajan and C.S. Aparna
Optimization of 10 Gbit/s Linear Transmission over Standard Single Mode Fiber Using Distributed Feedback Lasers ................................... 173
Paulo A.S. Goulart and Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo
Development of Optical Transmitter and Receiver for 10GBIT/s Lightwave System .. 179 M.S. Park, T.W.Yoo, J.H. Han, T.Y.Yun, B.S. Kwark, J.H. Song, J.S. Kim,
W. J. Kang, and M.S. Lee
Secure Coherence Modulation Telecommunication System ...................... 183 B. Wacogne, H. Porte, P. Mollier, and D.A. Jackson
Low Latency Optical Bus for Multiprocessor Architecture ...................... 189 Laurent Fesquet and Jacques Henri Collet
A Novel Multiple-Grating Fiber Device for Optical Communications Applications .. 195 Lawrence Chen, Seldon D. Benjamin, Peter W.E. Smith, John E. Sipe, and
Salim Juma
A Novel Single Fiber Self-Healing Structure for CATV Super Trunk .............. 201 Zan Shi, Quing Li, and Peida Ye
Constraints on the Design of Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Soliton Communication ...... 205 Chunyan Zhang and Peida Ye
The Timing Jitter Caused by Fluctuation of Gain in Soliton Communication Systems 211 Hong Wang and Peida Ye
Enlarged Shuffienet Architecture for Optical Networks ......................... 217 Andrea Borella and Franco Chiaraluce
ix
Indoor Wireless Infrared Link with a Holographic Multiple-Spot Diffuser .......... 223 Eli Simova, Ming Tai, and Mohsen Kavehrad
A High Speed Self-Routing WDM-ATM Network for Wireless Personnel Communication Services ........................................... 229
Shyh-Lin Tsao
A Phase-Noise Insensitive Modulation Scheme for CDMA Optical Local Area Networks ........................................................ 235
Ennio Gambi and Franco Chiaraluce
Harmonic Distortion Characteristics of Directly-Modulated Semiconductor Laser followed by an FM-to-IM Interferometer .............................. 243
G.Yabre and J. Le Bihan
Ultra-Short Soliton Stability in Distributed Fiber Amplifiers with Different Pumping Configurations ................................................... 249
Mario F.S. Ferreira
The Distributed Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier with Gradually Changing Doped Concentration .................................................... 255
Jinlong Yu, Xiaohong Ma, Jufeng Dai, Xiaoyi Dong, and Enze Yang
Part IV PHOTONIC DEVICES
Optical Interconnects
Polymer-Based Volume Holograms for a Surface-Norman 3x3 Non-Blocking Wavelength-Selective Crossbar ...................................... 263
Charles C. Zhou, I. Joseph, and Ray T. Chen
Bi-Directional Optical Backplane Bus With Multiple Bus Lines for High Performance Bus Systems .......................................... 269
Chunhe Zhao and Ray T. Chen
A Signal-Transparent Distributed Optical Interconnect Based 1 Ox 10 Optoelectronic Switch .......................................................... 275
Rohit Sharma and R. Ian MacDonald
A Comparison Study between 2D VLSI Circuits and 3D Circuits Based on Multifunctional Smart Pixels ........................................ 281
DietmarFey
Performance Analysis of a WDM-SDM Hybrid Optical Cross-Connect System ..... 287 Yongdong Jin and Mohsen Kavehrad
New Optoelectronic Components
Characteristics of Grating Assisted Couplers Used as Narrow-Band Optical Filters .. 293 Otto Schwelb
X
Study of SAW on New GaAs-CUTS used in Signal Processing Monolithic Nanostructured Devices ............................................ 299
J. E. Lefebvre, V. Zhang, J. Gazalet, arid T. Gryba
A New Modeling Method of Narrow Pulse Transmission in Fiber-Bragg Gratings ... 305 Xingguo Wang, Laurent Meuleman, and Michel Blonde!
Focal Plane Imaging Arrays Based on GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors .................................................... 311
H.C. Liu, M. Buchanan, Jianmeng Li, Z.R.Wasilewski, P. H. Wilson, P.A. Marshall, R. A. Barber, P. Chow-Chong, J.W. Fraser, and J. Stapledon
Limits of Acousto-Electro-Optic GaAs/GaAlAs Multiple Quantum Well Modulators 319 J. Gazalet, S. Bahlak, J.E. Lefebvre, and T. Gryba
Optical-to-Electrical Power Conversion and Data Transmission Module ........... 325 Pentti Karioja, Risto Jurva, Kimmo Keranen, Kari Tukkiniemi,
Jouko Lammasniemi, Ari Tervonen, and Marja Englund
8x8 GaAsP/GaP LED Arrays Fully Integrated with 64 Channel Si-Driver Circuits ... 333 R. Bub, M. GroB, T. Alder, W. Brockherde, and D. Jager
Polariser Formed by Tapered Metallic Fiber .................................. 339 Bing Zhu, Zhiyu Liu, Weiwei Hu and Jingren Qian
Validation of Small-Signal Analysis for Nonlinear Dispersive Fiber Systems Using Numerical Simulation .............................................. 343
Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo and Paulo A.S. Goulart
Bragg Grating Filter Synthesis with a Piezo-electric Transducer .................. 349 A.T. Alavie, M.M. Ohn, and R. Maaskant
Active Wavelength Measurement Systems Based on Quantum Well Electroabsorption Devices ......................................................... 355
T. Coroy and R.M. Measures
Low-Cost Pigtailing of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Arrays ............. 361 B.P. Keyworth, D.J. Corazza, and J.N. McMullin
Optical WDM Components
High-Finesse Periodic Coupler as a Wavelength Selective Device for WDM ........ 367 Vincent Delisle, Udo Trutschel, Hugues Tremblay, Michel A. Duguay, and
Falk Lederer
An Integrated Optical Spectrometer for WDM ................................ 373 H.J. Hnatiuk, K.A. McGreer, and J. N. Broughton
Experiment on Optical Code-Division-Mutiple-Access Switch System Using Spectral Amplitude Encoding of Light-Emitting Diodes ......................... 379
Lucie Adam, Eli Simova, and Mohsen Kavehrad
xi
A Robust, Adaptive Multi wavelength WDM Transceiver for Optical Fiber Transmission Systems ............................................. 385
H. Willebrand, J. Sauer, M. Sprenger, P. Kalra, A. Jayasumana, and H. Temkin
Unequally Spaced Channels for Upgrading WDM System from 3-Channel to 22-Channel Preserving No FWM Crosstalk ............................ 391
Xin Miao
All-Optical SDH/SONET Self-Healing Ring with WDM ....................... 399 Xiao-Ping Yan and Peida Ye
The Availability Analysis of Many WDM Channels through a Cascade ofEDFAs without Gain Equalization .......................................... 405
Xiao Shen and Peida Ye
Photon Detection Devices and Techniques
Development of a Miniaturized Digital High Angular Resolution Laser Irradiation Detector (HARLID) and its Integration in a Laser Warning Receiver ........ 411
A. Cantin, J. Dubois, P. Webb, D. Luisi, and D. Pomerleau
Three Concepts of High Angular Resolution Laser Irradiation Detectors (HARLID) .. 417 J. Dubois, A. Cantin, P. Webb, and D. Luisi
Optimized TCM Transmission Formats in a Photon Counting Channel ............ 423 G. Cancellieri, F. Chiaraluce, and M. Mazzone
Picosecond Optical Pulse Autocorrelator Using Second-Harmonic Generation In AlGaAs Waveguides ............................................... 429
Y. Beaulieu, B. K. Garside, A. Delage, S. Janz, M.P. VanderMeer, and R. Normandin
Fast Uncooled BiPbSrCaCuO Detectors ..................................... 437 L. Ngo Phong and I. Shih
Waveguide Devices
Compact Planar Waveguide Couplers for Broadband Dual-Channel Wavelength (De)Multiplexing ................................................. 445
M.R. Paiam, C.F. Janz, R.I. MacDonald, B.P. Keyworth, and J.N. Broughton
Millimeter Wave Coplanar Structures on InP for Electro-Optic Modulation Applications ..................................................... 451
Hamid R. Khazaei, R. James, E. Berolo, and F. Ghannouchi
Ion-Exchanged Waveguides in Erbium-Doped Phosphate Glasses ................ 457 G. C. Righini, S. Capecchi, S. Pelli, A. Verciani, Y. Yan, A. J. Fabre, and
H. DerWaal
Integrated Optical Channel-Guide Vertical Couplers in Glass for Edge Coupling to Hybrid Photodetectors ............................................. 463
P.C. Noutsios and G.L. Yip
xii
Traveling Wave Electrode Design for High Speed Mach-Zehnder LiNb03 Intensity Modulators ...................................................... 469
F.Y. Gan and G. L. Yip
Fully-Packaged, Self-Calibrated, Absolute Optical Frequency Controller Based on a Surface-Emitting Nonlinear Semiconductor Waveguide: Applications to Multifrequency Optical Communication Systems ........................ 477
Martin Guy, Michel H\tu, and Steeve Boissinot
Part V OPTICAL COMPUTING, SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING
Optical Computing and Processing
Optics and Photonics in Image Encryption, Anti-Counterfeiting, and Security Systems ......................................................... 483
Bahram Javidi
Optical Neutral Network for Rotation Invariant and Parallel Classification of 2-D Images Using Optical Image Compression ............................. 487
Henri H. Arsenault and Philippe Gagne
Optically Interconnected Analog Focal Plane Image Processor Using Hybrid-Seed Technology ...................................................... 493
Haibo Liu and Yunlong Sheng
40-Channel !-Nanosecond Digital Fiber Optic Correlator ....................... 499 Adrian Gh. Podoleanu, Ryan K. Harding, and David A. Jackson
Photo-Electric Crossbar Switching Network for Multiprocessor Systems ........... 505 A. Iwata, T. Doi, M. Nagata, S. Yokoyama, and M. Hirose
Broadband Adaptive Optoelectronic Discrete Time Signal Processor .............. 511 Emannuelle Perrenoud, Rohit Sharma, R. Ian MacDonald, and D. Lam
Ray-Tracing Approach to Computer-Generated Holography for Precison 3D Beam Patterns ......................................................... 519
S. Chang, D.A. Pommet, M.A. Fiddy, and F.C. Lin
Error-Diffusion Binarization for Neural Networks ............................. 527 Andre Granger, Tigran Galstyan, and Roger A. Lessard
Optical Position Converter for Target Tracking and Neural Network .............. 537 Alain Bergeron, Henri H. Arsenault, Michel Doucet, and Denis Gingras
A 3-D Optical Database Machine .......................................... 543 Selim Akyokus and P. Bruce Berra
Optism: A Tool for the Design of Optical Parallel Computer Architectures ......... 553 N. Langloh, V. Christopoulos, S. Van Langendonck, J. Camelis, R. Vounckx,
A. Kirk, R. Buczynski, H. Thienpont, and I. Veretennicoff
xiii
Shape Reconstruction of Metallic Objects by Artificial Vision ................... 563 C. Coulot, S. Kohler-Hemmerlin, C. Dumont, and B. Lamalle
Automatic Inspection System for Strip ofPreweathered Zinc .................... 571 J. Caron, L. Duvieubourg, J.J. Orteu, and Ph. Revolte
2-D Phase Unwrapping of Noise Contaminated Interferograms .................. 577 Ching-Wei Liao and M.A. Fiddy
Application of Two Dimensional Wavelet Transform to the Visualization of Glass Fibers in a Turbulent Flame ......................................... 583
S. Belald, D. Lebrun, and C. Ozkul
Optoelectronic Signal Processor for SAR Image Formation and Correlation ........ 591 William R. Franklin and Robert R. Kallman
Towards a Better Compression of Self-Similar Images .......................... 599 Erwin Hocevar and Walter G. Kropatcsch
Remote Sensing and Infrared Technology
Modelling of Natural Background Terrain in the Infrared and Its Effect on the Perfonnance of a High Resolution FLIR System ........................ 605
R.N. Singh and K. Rajmohan
Infrared Imaging System Using FM/TDM Hybrid Reticle ....................... 611 J.K. Bae, Y.H. Doh, D.S. Noh, and S.J. Kim
A Windows Based Facility for SIDP SBS Applications ......................... 619 A. Kong, A. Halet, G. A. Lampropoulos, J. F. Boulter, and M. Rey
OSIRIS - An Applications of Tomography for Absorbed Emissions in Remote Sensing ......................................................... 627
E.J. Llewellyn, D.A. Degenstein, I.C. McDade, R.L. Gattinger, R. King, R. Buckingham, E.H. Richardson, D.P. Murtagh, W.F.J. Evans, B.H. Solheim, K. Strong, and J.C. McConnell
Wildfire Detection with a Microsatellite ..................................... 633 Paul J. Thomas, Charles Hersom, Saad AI Kenany, and Doug Staley
3D Data Compression Systems Based on Vector Quantization for Reducing the Data Rate of Hyperspectral Imagery ...................................... 641
Shen-En Qian, Allan B. Hollinger, Dan Williams, and Davinder Manak
Calibration of the CASI Airborne Imaging Spectrometer and Application to Generating Reflectance Imagery ..................................... 655
L. Gray, J. Harron, C. Hersom, J. Freemantle, P. Shepherd, and J. Miller
Image and Signal Processing
New Optimal Tracking Algorithms for Reference with RandomTextures ........... 661 P. Refregier, F. Goudail, T. Gaidon, and M. Guillaume
xiv
Comparison of Different Adaptive Filtering Techniques Applied to White-Light Interferometric Systems ............................................ 669
D. Romare, M. Sabry-Rizk, and K.T.V. Grattan
Hyper-Spectra Space-Based Infrared Image Restoration and Composition .......... 675 G.A. Lampropoulos and J.F. Boulter
Target Classification by a New Class of Linear Discriminants .................... 685 A. Halet, G. A. Lampropoulos, and Tile Huynh
An AVME Clutter Map Design Approach for CFAR Adaptive Threshold Selection of SAR Images ..................................................... 695
V. Anastassopoulos, G. A. Lampropoulos, A. Drosopoulos, and M. Rey
Comparison of Compression Methods for SAR Imagery: Preliminary Investigation . . 70 I A. Drosopoulos and A. Damini
Radar Image Modelling and Detection Using Neural Networks .................. 71 I G. Hennessey, H. Leung, and A. Drosopoulos
Part VI OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
Mechanical and Structural
Development and Performance of Fiber-Optic Sensor Systems for Absolute and Quasistatic Measurements in Civil Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
W. J. Bock, W. Urbanczyk, T. A. Eftimov, and J. Chen
A Critical Review of Fiber-Optic Based Smart Structures ....................... 731 Kexing Liu
Semiconductor Integrated Photonic Transducer Chip for High-Resolution Displacement Measurement ......................................... 739
Hans P. Zappe and Daniel Hofstetter
Fiber-Optic Vibration and Acoustic Sensor Systems for Airport Ground Traffic Monitoring ...................................................... 745
N. Fiirstenau, T. Beyer, A. Werner, W. Schmidt, and W. Goetze
A High Resolution Reflectometer For Measuring Dynamic Strain in a Single Mode Optical Fibre ..................................................... 751
Veijo Lyori, Kari MiHitUi, Seppo Nissilil, Harri Kopola, Marja Englund, and Asko Mitrunen
Spatial-and Wavelength-Division-Mulitplexed In-Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor Network for Smart Structures Applications ............................. 757
Y.J Rao, D.A. Jackson, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion
Interferometric Distance Meter Using a Fequency-Modulated Laser Diode ......... 765 U. Minoni, G. Scotti, and F. Docchio
XV
Fibre Optic Remote Displacement Sensor for Seismic Events at High Temperature .. 771 W. Ecke, K. H. Jackel, P. Pfeifer, J. Schauer, and R. Willsch
Vibration Measurement Using a Novel Fibre-Optic Electronically-Scanned White-Light Interferometer ......................................... 777
R.H. Marshall, Y.N. Ning, A.W. Palmer, and K.T.V. Grattan
Experiences from Embedded Optical Fiber Based Cure and Stress Sensing in Composite Structures .............................................. 783
Harri Kopola, Pekka Suopajarvi, Veijo Lyori, Seppo Nissilii, and Reijo Johansson
Scientific
Measurement of the Nonlinear Ratio (n/ Aeff) in Optical Fibers Using Self-Phase Modulation Effect ................................................. 789
Ahmad K. Atieh, Piotr Myslinski, Jacek Chrostowski, and Peter Galko
Dispersion Compensating Fibre in an Optical Access Network: A Complete Component and System Characterisation .............................. 793
F. Ravet, L. Meuleman, M. Vandroogenbroek, D. Daniaux, and M. Blonde!
Time Division Multiplexing oflnterferometric Sensors at 1300nm Using a Litium Niobate Amplitude/Phase Modulator .................................. 799
C. McGarrity and D.A Jackson
Bragg Mirror Reflectance in a VCSEL Scanning Optical Microscope ............. 807 R.R. Burton, M.S. Stem, P.C. Kendall, P.N. Robson, and T.M. Benson
Aspects ofthe Use of Optical Feedback for Frequency Stabilization of Laser Diodes .. 813 R.C. Addy, A.W. Palmer, and K.T.V. Grattan
A Wavelength Monitor Based on Electroabsorption in Quantum Well Waveguide Photodetectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
X. Wu, D.M. Bruce, P.E. Jessop, B.J. Robinson, and D.A. Thompson
Optical Measurements Using Bessel Beams .................................. 825 Brigitte Belanger, Tigran Galstian, Xiaonong Zhu, and Michel Piche
A Silica Based Integrated Optic Microwave Power Sensor ...................... 831 A.J.P. Hnatiw, R.I. MacDonald, P.S. Apte, and W.O. MacDonald
Dimensional Measurements Analysis of a Silicon HalfLadeer Microvertex Detector .. 837 G. Ambrosi, T. Angelescu, R. Battiston, M. Biasini, D. Dascalu, C. Gingu,
M. Ionica, Al. Mihul, M. Pauluzzi, and V. Postolache
Medical and Industrial
Vision Control System for the Laser Cladding Process ......................... 843 Fabrice Meriaudeau, Eric Renier, Christophe Dumont, and Frederic Truchetet
Fiber-Link Vibration Immunity for an Extrinsic Faraday Current Sensor ........... 855 Norman Fisher and David A. Jackson
xvi
Applications of Low Coherence Interferometry to Dynamic Oil Film Thickness Measurement ..................................................... 863
S.R. Taplin, A. Gh. Podoleanu, D.J. Webb, D.A. Jackson, and S.R. Nattrass
Electroabsorption Modulators for Broadband Fiber Electro-Optic Field Sensors ..... 871 A. StOhr, R. Heinzelmann, T. Alder, R. BuB, and D. Jager
Optical Measurements of Psychomotor Interventions on Dysfunctional Knee Cycle: A Case Study .................................................... 877
J.H. Alvoeiro, A.N. Pinto, J.L. Pinto, H.M. Oliveira, M.A. Santos, and L.F. Semblano
Chemical and Environmental
Sensor for High Air Humidity Measurement ................................. 883 Vojko Matko and Dali Donlagic
Dynamic Measurements with Polymer Lightguides for a Selective Organic Vapor Detection ........................................................ 889
T. Ehrenreich, J. Wolters, R. Podgorsek, and H. Franke
Photolytic Spectroscopic Detection of Herbicides and BTEX in Water ............. 897 Mark Johnson and Paul Melbourne
Brillouin Loss Based Distributed Temperature Sensor Using a Single Source ....... 903 N.A. Heron, X. Bao, D.J. Webb, and D.A. Jackson
Integrated Optical Sensors For Pesticide Analysis ............................. 909 B.J. Luff, R.D. Harris, J.S. Wilkinson, J. Piehler, A. Brecht, G. Gauglitz,
R.A. Abuknesha, and U. Hollenbach
Holographic Gratings in Photopolymers as Optical Gas Monitors ................. 915 El Mehdi El Joudi and Hilmar Franke
Index ................................................................. 923
xvii