Applications of MRI in Biomedical Engineering

7/27/2019 Applications of MRI in Biomedical Engineering

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BiomedicalEngineeringaBiomolecular EngineeringPerspective

JohannesLeisen

Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry


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Safet

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0419/5ad8685c9039f/5ad86860a5

Noloseferrousitems:

wallets

losechange

jewelry(some)

hair ins

www.topmedicalsupply.com/plasticmriwarning.

implants


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*PhysicalPrinciples

avery

brief

historical

perspective

*ApplicationsofMRIinBiomedical

EngineeringaBiomolecular EngineeringPerspective


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NMR

Spectroscopy NMR

Relaxometry SolutionNMR

SolidStateNMR

SolutionNMR

SolidStateNMR

Low Resolution NMR

(NuclearMagneticResonance)

(N)MRImaging(MRI)

ClinicalMRIDiffusionNMR

DOSY solutions Functional

MRI

Engineering PFG

(materials)

qspace(porousmaterials)


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EdwardMillsPurcell(19121997)FelixBloch(19051983)

.

NoblePriceinPhysics,1955.pe a.com

Bloch,F.,Hansen,W.W.andPackard,M.Phys.

Rev.70,474485(1946);


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Bloch,F.,Hansen,W.W.andPackard,M.Phys.

Rev.70,474485(1946);


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NMRExperiment

http://www.fotosearch.com/ART435/aa041117/http://www.graphicsfactory.com/

rf sender sample rf receiver

0


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http://wwwbioc.rice.edu/bios576/nmr/nmr.html


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RichardErnst (1933 ) PaulLauterbur (19292007)

FourierTransformNMR,

http://nobelprize.org

http://nobelprize.orgBackProjectionMRI

MultidimensionalNMR,

andMRI 2003NoblePrizeinMedicine


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MRIExperiment

http://www.fotosearch.com/ART435/aa041117/http://www.graphicsfactory.com/

rf sender sample rf receiver

inhomogenous magneticfield

(x)= (1

)

B0(x)


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NMRImagingwithLinearMagneticField

ra entsNMR Spectroscopy NMR Imaging

Bo + GxGx = Bz/x

o = (1-o)Bo o = (1-o)(Bo+xG x)

y

z

Bo

y

z

x x

12


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PaulLauterbur,

Nature

242,

1973


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FirstXraytakenofahuman

(thehandofRntgens wife)

WilhelmRntgen (1845 1923)

1901:firstNobelPriceinPhysics


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http://www.magnet.fsu.edu


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MagneticResonanceImaging

+non

destructive

/non

invasive

(idealforthestudyoftimedependentphenomena)

+welldefinedcontrast

(selectivedetection

of

fluids,

study

of

physico

chemical

properties)

moderatespatialresolution

m te

sens t v ty

onlyforliquidorsoftsamples

on y ornoncon uct ngan nonmagnet csamp es


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ClinicalMRI

Medicine:

Source:www.cmiv.liu.se


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http:/www.advancedveterinarycare.net/mri.asp


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A licationsof

MRI

in

Biomedical

Engineering

aBiomolecular EngineeringPerspective


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MolecularImaging?

http://www.keck.bioimaging.wisc.edu/symposium2005

MolecularImaging:

LocalizationofS ecificMolecules

www.nature.com

ImagingofMolecules


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Example:g reso ut on o amouse

FieldofView =22mm

256x256Voxel.

=>(Inplane)resolution 86 m

Technical/PhysicalLimitations:

DiffusionEffects


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Paramecium:immobilized(dead?)

measur ng me:


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Degen C L et al . PNAS 2009;106:1313-1317


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However,

lotaboutmolecules

Example:13CDEPT135

spectrumofStrychnine


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MRS:DetectingBiochemistry

VolumeSelectiveSpectroscopy


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MostoftheMRIsignalinbiologicaltissue

but

isitpossibletouse(highlysensitive)

(1) MRIwithhyperpolarizednuclei

(difficulttechnology,limitedlifetimeofhyperpolarization)

(2)19

FMRI

HyperSensewww.oxfordinstruments.com

(~3/4thesensitivityof1Hbutnobiologicalbackground)www.bioe.umd.edu

(3)ContrastAgents/ Overlay: 1H 19Fimages


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ContrastAgentsInfluence

the

MRI

signal

of

1Hnuclei

in

surroundin water.

apod.nasa.gov

Nanoparticle:

affects

surrounding

magnetic

field


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Superparamagnetic IronOxideNanoparticles

c:ShengTong/GTBME


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seo

s

or

e

rac ng

SequentialinvivoMRIimages,obtainedatafieldstrengthof4.7T,ofaratbrain

aftertransplantationofoligodendroglial progenitorcellscontainingSPIOs(darkareas,

e u eo e e ve o o e p e e . e e e we eo e

sixweeks

after

stem

cell

transplantation.

(Bulte,J.W.,etal.,Nat.Biotechnol.(2001)19(12),1141.)


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TargetingofSPIOs

ClusteringofSPIOsleadstoenhanced

(negative)contrast.

futuredevices

for

medical

diagnostics

/spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/diagnostics/bedsidecancerdetectorCopyright:


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(courtesy:ShengTong/GTBME)


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Outlook

ThereismuchmoreApplicationsofMRIinBiomedicalEngineering MRIofBioreactorswithculturedcells

Cardiacmodels

(in

vitro

and

in

vivo)

Develo mentandTestin ofIm lantsetc.

TestingofBiomedicalProductsandDevices

StudyofAnatomicalPreparations

BiomechanicalStudies

Succesful BiomedicalEngineeringleadsoftentoPreclinicalStudies,whereMRIisalso ainin im ortance.

Documents

Applications of MRI in Biomedical Engineering