Application of Ergonomics in Industry

8/9/2019 Application of Ergonomics in Industry

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APPLICATION OFAPPLICATION OFERGONOMICSERGONOMICS IN INDUSTRYIN INDUSTRY

Speaker

DR.S.N.NAYAK, MD INSPECTOR OF FACTORIES M e d I c a l


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Ergonomics was invented in 1857and was

understood as “a scientific approach enabling us toreap for the benefit of ourselves and others, the

best fruits of life’s labour for the minimum effort

fruits of life’s labour for the minimum effort and

maximum satisfaction”

The world ‘ERGONOMICS’ was coinedfrom two Greek words ergon(work and

nomos(R!le or "aw


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DEFINITION:DEFINITION:

!he international labour review in 1"#1

defined ergonomics as “!he application of the

human biological science in con$unction with the

engineering sciences to achieve the optimummutual ad$ustment of man and his wor%, the

benefits being measured in terms of human

efficienc& and well being”


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PRINCIPLES:

Ergonomic Principles and the objectives

are adaptation of the work to the worker andthe worker to adopt to the work sitation!

"t emphasis shold be given in design of

improved work spots# work methods and

e$ipment! %he benefits that can bee&pected from application of ergonomics in

Indstr' are(

More efficient operation

Feer accident!oer co"t of prod#ctionRed#ced trainin$ ti%eEffecti&e deplo'%ent of per"onnel

Red#ction in p('"ical "tre"" on orker"


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PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION:PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION:

The human-body can endure considerable discomfortand stress and can still perform work in many awkward

and unnatural positions and adverse conditions but for

a limited period of time. To ease discomfort during

work to minimise fatigue and to improve efficiency of workers, ergonomic principles are applied. The

principles should suit to the man-machine-

environment system in any Industry.


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AIM OF APP!ICATIONAIM OF APP!ICATION

To facilitate a person to do or! efficientl"#To facilitate a person to do or! efficientl"#To ens$re t%at &ec%anical or! is done it%To ens$re t%at &ec%anical or! is done it%&ini&al $se of ener'" and &aterials it%o$t&ini&al $se of ener'" and &aterials it%o$t

aste ca$sed d$e to &ista!es#aste ca$sed d$e to &ista!es#To ens$re safet" and %ealt% of &an at or!#To ens$re safet" and %ealt% of &an at or!#To de(elop !noled'e and tec%ni)$es t%atTo de(elop !noled'e and tec%ni)$es t%at

ill i&pro(e t%e tec%nolo'" f$rt%er#ill i&pro(e t%e tec%nolo'" f$rt%er#


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S C ) P E

S*S%E+ ,ESI-N:

+an and +achine partnership!

.)R/ S 0CE ,ESI-N:

It deals with seat design# work bench

design# positioning of displa's# controls

and materials!

EN1IR)N+EN%0L ,ESI-N

:Is concerned with ensring that the#

heating# ventilation noise# vibration and

so are appropriate to the re$irements of

the hman operator!


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IN%ER20CE ,ESI-N:

,ispla' design deals with design of

scales# pointers# letters# nmbers and the

si3e positioning and groping of

instrments!

.)R/ SI%40%I)N ,ESI-N

:,eals with hors of work# rest porers#

shift work# interpersonal relationship and

organisational aspects of work!

0ll these designs can be aimed at

particlar kinds of people engaged in

particlar tasks in an' Indstr'!


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.)R/ SP0CE 0RR0N-E+EN%

Avoidance of all stooping(bending) andunnatural body positions.

Extended position of arms constantly either

forward or side ward should be avoided.

Always prefer sitting position at work.Avoid standing.

The arms should move together or inopposite direction.


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Er$ono%ic A"pect of )and and *ri"t

To $ra"p c'lindricall' or

"p(ericall'

To pinc( -' tip pre""#re, -' p#lp

To (ook pre""#re or -' lateral pre""#re


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CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS

Tenosynoritis

De Quervain’s disease

Trigger fingerTendinitis

Tenis elo!

Car"al Tunnel Syndro#eRaynaud’s Syndro#e

S"a$e invaders !rist


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ERGONOMIC ASPECT OF FOOT

LOW BACK PAIN

CONTROL THROUGH HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING

Straight Back RuleBell Butt!" RuleS#i"gi"g Ar$ RuleStraight Ar$ RuleStraight Wri%t RuleEe RuleSki" RuleThi"k Fir%t RuleN! Brai" Machi"e Rule


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STRAIGHT BACK RULE

Forces which come down the spine compressesthe inter-vertebr! discs nd d"e to contin"o"s #

repetitive s$"ee%in& the' cn r"pt"re nd b"!&e

o"t prod"cin& severe pin( This he!ps to desi&n methods to minimi%e the

)orces on these discs( To void s"ch )orces* one sho"!d "se pe!vic ti!t

b' p"!!in& the stomch m"sc!es( It co"!d be done with +eepin& the bc+ stri&ht

nd bendin& the !e&s( ,hen seted s"pport )or the bc+ to +eep the

m"sc!es w' )rom &ettin& )ti&"ed sho"!d be

"sed(


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E!!Y /TTON R/!E Lods tht re he!d* !i)ted or crried sho"!d be

+ept ner the be!!' b"tton(

' The wei&ht o) . po"nds !od ne/t to the be!!'

b"tton 0 bo"t 12 w' )rom spine 3 e/erts 45.

6o"nds where s when wei&ht is moved o"t 742

)rom the be!!' b"tton* it wo"!d be 4.2 w' )rom thespine nd the spine wi!! now be 8.. 6o"nds(

' There)ore* the wor+ p!ce nd methods sho"!d be

desi&ned so tht wor+ re$"irin& the "se o) rms is

c!ose to the be!!' b"tton(

' ,hen the rm is e/tended in per)ormin& ts+

the m"sc!es o) the rm cnnot wor+ to the best o)

their cpbi!it'(


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EYE RULE +or! place .e so desi'ned t%at t%eor!ers can see all t%e t%in's to .e seen li!e 'a$'es/

control and &aterial etc# it%o$t $nd$e %ead&o(e&ent#

S1IN RULE T%e or! area s%o$ld .e free fro&

o.str$ction and t%ere s%o$ld not .e a concentratedpress$re on s&all s!in areas# +%ere e(er it is fo$nd t%at t%e or!ers $sed a tapeor a clot% o(er t%e part of t%e &ac%ine %ileoperatin' / it &eans t%at t%is place of &ac%ine is%$rtin' %i& .eca$se of t%e acc$&$lated press$re ona partic$lar part of t%e s!in#T%is needs i&&ediate attention to .e c%an'ed sot%at t%e or!s are it%o$t an" o.str$ction#


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T%e T%in! First R$le*$&an tendenc" is to ta!e a s%ort2c$t or do so&e

t%in' t%at is eas" rat%er t%an safe# T%is s%o$ld .ea(oided#

No 3rain Mac%ine R$leAt t%e ti&e of desi'nin' 0o. or &ac%ines it s%o$ld .e

ta!en into consideration t%at if t%e or!er did nott%in! %en %e 4 s%e perfor&ed t%e tas! co$ld %e4s%e'et %$rt 5 If anser is "es/ necessar" c%an'e indesi'nin' is indicated# S$fficient statistics on t%en$&.er of or!ers s$fferin' it% (ario$s disorder

d$e to i&proper desi'nin' of t%e &ac%ines or t%e or!place are lac!in' .$t t%e lin!ed data clearl" indicatea.o$t t%e serio$sness of t%e sit$ation/ role of %$&anfactors en'ineerin' in t%eir pre(ention#


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CONCLUSION

ERG9:9;ICS hs emer&ed o"t s n importnt brncho) science in the ind"stri! wor!d( It hs !imited

pp!iction in ind"str' prtic"!r!' in the deve!opin&

co"ntries( However in never ind"stries the er&onomic

spects re considered )rom the desi&n st&e itse!)(

,hi!e p!nnin& )or wor+-spce* e$"ipment nd interior

rrn&ements etc( The techno!o&ic! pro&ress wi!!

increse its pp!iction in vrio"s )ie!ds in )"t"re on

cco"nt o) hi&her thr"st &iven on prod"ction o) $"!it'

&oods with !ess h"mn error( Since mn nd mchinere!tionship hve to be optimised in most o) the

ind"stries* the er&onomic spect cnnot be !ost site o)

n' more in comin& decde(


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PICTURENO: 44

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Application of Ergonomics in Industry