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Application of e-Learning in Under-Graduated Medical Teaching
A Systematic Review
Authors: Alves, S., Alves, C., Barbosa, R., Barreira, J., Cerdeira, M.E., Costa J., Figueiredo A. R.., Marques, M., Martins, A.C., Reis, B., Seixas, R.
Supervisors: Mário Dinis Ribeiro, MD, PhD Altamiro Costa Pereira, MD, PhD
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de Medicina
Introdução à Medicina
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de Medicina
Introdução à Medicina
Third Presentation
• Introduction
• Aims
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Summary
“E-Learning” = Electronic Learning
Teaching
Potentialities of Technology1
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina IntroductionIntroduction
“E-learning” – more than a software platform 1;
- supports the act of learning 1;
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina IntroductionIntroduction
“E-learning”
•A way to spread knowledge ( allowing availability);
•Possibility of interaction (foruns and FAQ’s)
E-learning
UNDERGRADUATED
MEDICAL
TEACHING
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina IntroductionIntroduction
How can e-learning be helpful to med students?
• Supporting future doctors with access to the up-to-date medical knowledge;
• Interactive model of learning stimulates knowledge acquisition;
• Also provides flexibility and collaboration.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina
IntroductionIntroduction
Aims
• To understand the importance of e-learning in undergraduate medical teaching;
• To comprehend the impact that its use causes in the academical success.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina IntroductionIntroduction
Type of study
Systematic Review
Target Population/ Units of Analysis
Articles found in data bases
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Keywords
• web-based learning ; • E-learning (electronic learning); • Medicine;• Medical Education; • Under-graduation;
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Start
Define query
articles obtained
First Selection
Reading of titles and abstracts’ articles
Application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria
Excluded
Input data into SPSSIncluded
Consulting a third reviewer
Physically obtained
Second selection
Yes
Yes
Yes No
No
No
Second selection
Reading of full article
Application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria
Excluded
Input data into SPSSIncluded
Articles selected Consulting a
third reviewer
Analyse data
End
Excluded articles
Input data into SPSS
Extract data
Yes
Yes
No
No
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
Local of Study (Country)
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
Year of Publication
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
103
3 Evaluation study
Systematic review
Descriptive report
Type of studyType of Study
6
5
5
Not statedClinicalPre-clinical
Type of participantsType of Participants
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
16 selected articles
Only 4 mentioned the pattern of utilisation:
• Only 2 referred that the majority of students used to access the available resources, using the internet outside college, most of them at home. 17
• 1 article indicated that most students used to access the available contents during night period (39%) 13
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina ResultsResults
16 selected articles
Only 2 mentioned students’ evaluation of E-learning:
•51% of students classified e-learning good/excellent;20
•Positive ratings for e-Learning – 96%; 17
•Positive ratings for traditional methods – 80%. 17
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina DiscussionDiscussion
Limitations
•The lack of articles referring the pattern of utilisation.
•The lack of articles referring the impact of E-learning in one’s academical success.
Implications
•In a general way, students like using E-learning.
•E-learning associated to the traditional teaching method.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina DiscussionDiscussion
•E-learning provides information in an easy and fast way.
•It allows achieving the necessary academical skills in a faster way.
•The economical costs of implementing E-learning are high.
•The teachers aprehension of using this new tool when associated with under-graduated medical teaching.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina DiscussionDiscussion
Future Aproach
•E-learning is an always growing potentiality.
•Future articles should refer the pattern of utilisation as well as the impact E-learning has in the academical success.
1. Vollmar HC, Schurer-Maly CC, Frahne J, Lelgemann M, Butzlaff M., An e-learning platform for guideline implementation--evidence- and case-based knowledge translation via the Internet. Methods of Information in Medicine. 2006; 45(4): 389-96.
2. Harden RM., A new vision for distance learning and continuing medical education, The journal of continuing education in health professions, 2005, 25(1):43-51
3. Vozenilek J., Huff J. S., Reznek M., Gordon J. A. See One, Do One, Teach One: Advanced Technology in Medical Education. ACAD EMERG MED, 2004, Vol. 11, pp. 1149- 1154
5. Curran VR, Fleet L., A review of evaluation outcomes of web-based continuing medical education, Medical education, 2005, 39(6):561-7
4. Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM., The impact of E-learning in medical education. Academic Medicine: journal of the association of American Medical Colleges. 2006; 81(3):207-12.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina References
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina References
6 . Harden RM, Hart IR, An international virtual medical school (IVIMEDS) the future for medical education, Medical Teacher, 2002 May;24(3):261-7
7 . Wilson AS, Goodall JE, Ambrosini G, Carruthers DM, Chan H, Ong SG, Gordon C, Young SP, Development of an interactive learning tool for teaching rheumatology - a simulated clinical case studies program, Rheumatology (Oxford), 2006 Sep;45(9):1158-61, Epub 2006 Mar 10
8 . Childs S, Blenkinsopp E, Hall A, Walton G, Effective e-learning for health professionals and students - barriers and their solutions. A systematic review of the literature--findings from the HeXL project, Health Information and Libraries Journal, 2005 Dec;22 Suppl 2:20-32
9 . Brunetaud JM, Leroy N, Pelayo S, Wascat C, Renard JM, Prin L, Beuscart-Zephir MC, Comparative evaluation of two applications for delivering a multimedia medical course in the French-speaking Virtual Medical University (UMVF), International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2005 Mar;74(2-4):209-12
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina References
10. Gotthardt M, Siegert MJ, Schlieck A, Schneider S, Kohnert A, Gross MW, Schafer C, Wagner R, Hormann S, Behr TM, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Klose KJ, Jungclas H, Glowalla U, How to successfully implement e-learning for both students and teachers, Academic Radiology. 2006 Mar;13(3):379-90
11. Healy DG, Fleming FJ, Gilhooley D, Felle P, Wood AE, Gorey T, McDermott EW, Fitzpatrick JM, O’Higgins NJ, Hill AD, Electronic learning can facilitate student performance in undergraduate surgical Education: o prospective observational study, BMC Medical Education. 2005 Jun 29;5:23
12 . Goettner P, Effective e-learning for healthcare, Health Management Technology. 2000 Dec; 21 (12):64, 63
13 . Nageswari KS, Malhotra AS, Kapoor N, Kaur G, Pedagogical effectiveness of innovative teaching methods initiated at the Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, Advances in Physiology Education, 2004 Dec;28(1-4):51-8
14 . Harden RM, Myths and e-learning, Medical Teacher, 2002 Sep;24(5):469-72
15 . Lau F, Bates J, A review of e-learning practices for undergraduate medical education, Journal of Medical Systems, 2004 Feb;28(1):71-87
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina References
16. Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM, The impact of E-learning in medical education, Academic Medicine. 2006 Mar;81(3):207-12
17. de Maio M, Ferreira MC, Experience with tha first Internet-Based course at the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2001 May-Jun;56(3):69-74
18 Link TM, Marz R, Computer literacy and attitudes towards e-learning among first year medical students, BMC Med Educ. 2006 Jun 19;6:34
19 Bernardo V, Ramos MP, Plapler H, De Figueiredo LF, Nader HB, Ancao MS, Von Dietrich CP, Sigulem D, Web-based learning in undergraduate medical education: development and assessment of an online course on experimental surgery, International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2004 Sep;73(9-10):731-42
20 Dornan T, Hadfield J, Brown M, Boshuizen H, Scherpbier A, How can medical students learn in a self-directed way in the clinical environment? Design-based research, Med Educ. 2005 Apr;39(4):356-64
21 Romanov K, Nevgi A, Learning outcomes in medical informatics: comparison of a WebCT course with ordinary web site learning material, International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2006 Feb;75(2):156-62. Epub 2005 Aug 5
Query:
("Education, Medical/education"[MeSH] OR "Education, Medical/methods"[MeSH] OR
"Education, Medical/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]) * ("Education,
Distance/classification"[MeSH] OR "Education, Distance/methods"[MeSH] OR
"Education, Distance/statistics and numerical data"[MeSH]) OR ("e-learning" AND
"medical education") OR ("web-based learning" AND "medical education") OR
(“electronic learning” AND “medical education”)
Database’s research: PubMed
188 articles in PubMed on 04/02/2007.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
• We will include all the articles accessing the impact and the use of e-learning and medical under-graduated teaching.
Inclusion Criteria
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
•We will exclude articles in languages different from Portuguese, French, Spanish and English;
• We will not accept articles related to dentistry and veterinary medicine;
• We will not analyse articles that are not available in FMUP’s and IPO’s libraries as well as in databases.
•We will excluded articles that only describes programs, treatments, systems and universities.
Exclusion Criteria
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Abstracts’ reading
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Articles’ selection
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Full-articles’ reading and selection, using the inclusion and exclusion criteria again.
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods
Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaIntrodução à Medicina Methods