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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMBNo.0704-0188Publicreportingburden fo rthis collectionof information isestimated to average hou rpe rresponse,inc ludingth e t imefo rreviewinginstructions,search ingdata sources,gatheringan d maintainingth edataneeded,an dcomplet ingan dreviewing th e collectionof information.en d comments regardingthisburdenestimate or an yotheraspectof thiscollectionof information, ncludingsuggest ions fo rreduc ingthisburdento Wash ingtonHeadquar tersService,Directoratefo rinformation Opera t ionsan d Repor ts ,1215JeffersonDavisHighway,Suite1204 ,Arlington, VA2202-4302 ,an dto th eOfficeof Managemen tan dBudget ,PaperworkReductionProjec t(0704-0188)Wash ington,DC0503.PLEASE DO NO TRETURNYOURFORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS .1 .EPORT DATE(DD-MM-YYYY)

07-11-20012.EPORTDATEtechnical 3.ATESCOVERED(From-To)May000April 2001 4.ITLEANDSUBTITLE ApplicationfndnhancementoArcticInfrastructureorheStudyfong-TermhangeinheEarth'solarMesosphere

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6 .UTHOR(S)Kelley,Michael. 5d .ROJECTNUMBER01PR03751-00

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7.ERFORMINGORGANIZATIONNAME(S)AND ADDRESS(ES)SchoolfElectricalndomputerngineering31 8hodesHallCornellUniversityIthaca,Y4853

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1 4 . ABSTRACTOurummer000reliminarytudyfF-PMSEsneviewtRLndhe2001ampaignsnullwing. W ewillave ulllimatologicaltudyatIPASnd ongampaigntAARP. Theatterwillnclude39H z studiesswell.

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APPL ICATION OF AND ENHANCEMENTTOARCTIC INFRASTRUCTUREFOR THE STUDYOF LONG - TERM CHANGE INTH E EARTH ' S POLAR MESOSPEHRE MichaelC.Kelley SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering 318RhodesHal lCornellUniversity Ithaca,NY4853phone:607)255-7425 fax:607)255-6236 email: ikek@ece.cornell.edu

Award Number:00014-00-1-065 8I.tatementofEffort

OurSummer2000preliminarystudyofHF - PMSE isinreviewatG R L and th e2001campaign isinfullswing.WewillhaveafullclimatologicalstudyatH IP ASandalongcampaign atHAAR P .he latterwillinclude139M H zstudiesaswell.II .Accomplishments/NewFindingsAbstract

WepresentinitialPolarMesosphereSummerEchoes( PMSE)observationsusingthe H IPASobservatoryat4.53MHz .choesweredetectedslightlyabove87km inalmostallofourobservations.hesignal-to-noiseratiosometimesexceeded5B.ealsopresentheffectshatonosphericeatingndifferentransmittedowermadenPMSEstrength.edonotdetectevidencethatelectronheatingoccurred.hisisthebeginningofanefforttocreateaclimatologicalobservationofPMSE atHF ,whichwillgiveusinsightofPMSE asa possibleindicatorofglobalchange.Introduction

PolarmesosphereummerchoesPMSE )aveeentudiedntenselyverince theiriscoveryycklundndalsley1981].lthoughheresnmportantrelationshipbetweenthecoldtemperatureofthesummerpolarmesosphere,thepresenceoflectronsndhargederosols,ndM SEeneration,henderlyingrocesses governing PMSE occurrence arestillnotclearlyunderstood[e.g.,ChoandMorley,1995;BalsleyandHuaman,997].resentheories,owever,llnvolvehexistenceofchargediceaerosols.urcurrentunderstandingofPMSEisdiscussedbyHoppeetal. [1994],ChoandKelley[1993],andBalsleyandHuaman[1997].

Ingeneral,PMSE appearasanarrow bandofintenseechoesatVHF nearthesummermesopauseabovethe65 latitudee.g.,hoandKelley1993].M SEarealsoeenathigherradarfrequencies,suchas933M HzRttgeretal,1990]nd.29G H zChoet

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al,1992].heBraggscaleoftheradarwavescatteringisbelowth escalescommonly associated withinertialrangeturbulenceintheuppermesosphere.M SE havealsobeenrecentlybservedtighrequenciestheUR AeatingacilityKarashtin tal,1997]andtheH F Active AuroralR esearchProgram ( HAARP )observatory[Kelleyet al,2001].

WeareinterestedinPMSEoccurrencecoincidentwithnoctilucentcloudsNCL)as wellasthedetectabilityofPMSE athighfrequencies.ere wepresenttheinitialresultsofPMSEbservationsthe ighowerAuroraltimulationHIPAS )Observatory.ThissotnlyndditionalroofofoncepthatM SEaneetectedtighfrequenciesndreimilaroheVHF/UHFmeasurementsofPMSE ,she IPAS observationsrelsoheeginningof ong-termi.e.,vermanyuccessiveears)climatologicalobservationofPMSE .Webelievethatalong-term observationofPMSE willrovidensightntoheelationshipetweenheccurrencefM SEndhe variationofmesopausetemperatureathighlatitudes.naddition,thisradardatase twillallowus to examinethecoincidentappearanceofPMSE withNCL .Thediscussionisorganizedasfollows.Wefirstdiscusstheexperimentalsetup.he initialobservationsarepresented.nourexperiment,weexploitedtheflexibilityofthe HIPASystemndxaminedheelationshipetweenM SEeturnndransmittedpoweraswellasionosphericheating.heinitialinterpretationsare thenpresented.Experiment

HIPASconsistsof8cross-polarized dipolesoperatinginthefrequencyrangeof2.85M Hzo4.911MHz ,withmaximum transmittedpowerofabout00kW .IPASasbeense dnanyxperimentsnvolvingigh-poweraventeractionsturorallatitudese.g.,Wong tal,990].nddition,heHIPASeaterfacilityisse dorionosphericmodificationxperimentsyransmittingowerfuladiowavesnheHF band[e.g.,Djuthet al,1997].AsthereisevidencethatPMSE returnsaredetectableathighfrequencies,startingon June8,2001heHIPASH Fobservatory nearFairbanks,Alaskawasoperatedinpulsedmodeoegin ong-termbservationofMSE .hissurmainocus.nhis experiment,weperatedheHIPAS Featerfrom0amopmtO-modet4.53MHz .Weconfigured theheatertooperatein pulsed modetransmitting15 is-pulseswithaninter-pulseperiodfo r5msat-400kW .herangeresolutionis2.25km . delta-loopntennactedsheeceivingntenna.imingetweenheeceiverndhetransmitterisaccomplishedwithasynchronizedpulse.4datapointswerestoredassingleataecordndwrittenoisk.hisrocedureesultsn wellim eof1second.

Thereslsovidenceha tonospherictimulationouldffectnbservablemodificationofPMSEChilsonetal,2000]. einvestigatethisphenomenonbyfirstoperatingHIPASnCW-modeoperatingt4.53M Hzndtransmitting400kW .e willdescribetheheateroperationasneededin theData Presentationsection.

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Data PresentationTheclimatologicalobservationsstartedon June8 andPMSEwasdetected.nFigure

1we presentthesignal-to-noiseratio.he whitegapsindicateperiodswhereeithertheJune8,2001

11:00:002:00:00 Loca lTime,his.Figure1 .

13:00:00

June11,2001

10:00:00 11:00:002:00:003:00:00Loca lTime,his. 14:00:00

Figure2.

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heaterwasnotturnedonordatawasnotacquired.M SE weredetectedthroughoutthis~2hourobservation.hemostcommonechoesoccurin85km

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R ttger,J. ,M .. ietveld, .L aHoz,T.Hall,M . .Kelley,ndW.E .wartz,Polarmesosphereumme rchoesbservedwithheISCAT33 -MHzadarndheCUPR I46.9M H zradar,theirsimilarityto224 -MHzradarechoes,andtheirrelationto turbulence and electrondensityprofiles,RadioSei.,25,671-687,1990.Wong,A.Y.,J.Carroll,R .Dickman,W.Harrison,W.Huhn,B.Lum ,M .M cCarrick,J.Santorn,C.Shock,G .Wong,andR .F .Wuerker,High-powerradiatingfacility atthe HIPASobservatory,RadioSei.,25 ,1269,1990.

III.ersonnelSupportedCharlesChen,graduatestudent:summerEditor I-4%CY MichaelC.Kelley,P.I.:summer,salary recovery CamiloRamos ,graduatestudent:summer

IV .New PublicationsKelley,M .C,M .Huaman, .Y.Chen,ndC. amos,H FPMSE observationsttheHAA R PG akonaionosphericobservatory,Geophys.Res.Lett.,submitted,2001.V.nteractions/Transitions10thInternationalSymposium on EquatorialAeronomy( ISEA),Antalya,TurkeyFal lAG U Meeting 14thNationalCongressoftheAustralianInstituteofPhysics,Adelaide,Australia SpringAG U Meeting R F IonosphericInteractionsWorkshop,Santa Fe,NM CEDAR Workshop,Boulder,CO

VI.New DiscoveriesNone.

VII.Honors/AwardsMember ,AmericanG eophysicalUnionFellow,AmericanG eophysicalUnionSeniorMember ,IEEE WeissPresidentialFellowfo rExcellence in TeachingJamesA.Friend Family DistinguishedProfessorofEngineering