APPENDIX

A List of the Sample Companies (316 in Total)

1992 1992 Country Company Name Sales Employment Cluster

Australia EMAIL LTD 10540100 NA 6 Belgium BARCO GROUP NV 314.006 2.317 4 Brazil ERICSSON DO BRASIL SI A 821.523 6.275 4 Britain SIEBE PLC 2739.738 29.644 5 Britain FISONS PLC 2267.858 14.477 5 Britain RACAL ELECTRONICS PLC 2154.935 23.144 4 Britain PLESSEY HOLDINGS LTD 1907.700 26.214 4 Britain SMITH & NEPHEW PLC 1514.672 13.857 S Britain SMITHS INDUSTRIES PLC 1132.529 11.200 S Britain SEMA GROUP PLC 735.556 6.913 3 Britain AMSTRADPLC 627.670 0.743 6 Britain MEGGITTPLC 578.540 6.611 5 Britain ASTEC(BSR) PLC 443.181 11.031 1 Britain SD-SCICON PLC 441.n9 4.738 3 Britain UNITECHPLC 418.054 5.511 1 Britain HOSKYNS GROUP PLC 357.628 3.196 3 Britain LOGICA INTERNATIONAL LTD 321.945 3.374 3 Britain AUTOMATED SECURITY HOLDINGS 313.403 3.863 4 Britain A.B.ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS GROU 301.290 3.722 1 Britain EMESS PLC 265.960 2.768 6 Britain ACT GROUP PLC 258.794 1.609 3 Britain EXPAMET INTERNATIONAL PLC 239.659 2.073 4 Britain WHITECROFr PLC 211.490 2.276 6 Canada NORTHERN TELECOM LTD 8854.808 57.955 4 Canada XEROX CANADA INC 893.866 4.802 5 Canada SHL SYSTEMHOUSE INC 631.847 3.607 3 Canada SPAR AEROSPACE LTD 401.081 3.389 4 Canada CAMCOINC 347.940 NA 6 Canada MITELCORP 344.643 3.552 4 Canada ISM INFORMATION SYS MGMT 313.804 3.000 3 Canada NEWBRIDGE NETWORKS CORP 249.070 1.462 4 Canada DMR GROUP INC 185.530 2.476 3 Denmark BANG & OLUFSEN HOLDING AS 366.100 2.298 6 Finland NOKlAOY 4077.200 26.nO 6 France THOMSON SA 13443.190 105.780 4 France CSF(THOMSON)SA 6475.577 42.350 5

410 Appendix

1992 1992 Country Company Name Saln Employment Cluster

France MACHINES BULL 5716.500 35.175 2 France SAGEM 2320.518 14.576 4 France ALCATELCIT 2277.830 11.631 4 France CAP GEMINI SOGETI 2250.550 20.559 3 France LEGRAND SA 1940.700 18.700 6 France MOULINEXSA 1879.200 14.400 6 France RADIOTECHNIQUE SA(LA) 1874.200 4.880 6 France TELEMECANIQUE SA 1838.016 14.940 5 France LABINALSA 1732.460 16.831 I France SEBSA 1S67.600 10.110 6 France ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL SA 1066.006 12.718 5 France SEn ANT AVIONIQUE SA 1035.990 7.525 5 France SAT (SOC. ANONYME DE TELE) 745.998 4.610 4 France COMPAGNIE PHILIPS ECLAIRAGE 712.220 3.455 6 France EUTELSAT 283.130 NA 4 Germany SIEMENS NIXDORF INFORMATIONS NA NA 2 Germany SIEMENS AG 49831.230 413.000 1,2,4 Germany BOSCH (ROBERT) GMBH 22101.360 179.636 4 Germany STANDARD ELEKTRIK LORENZ 4046.389 NA 4 Germany VDO ADOLF SCHINDLING AG 1528.326 14.669 5 Germany PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUS 1477.589 7.010 I Germany FRESENIUS AG 996.549 7.001 5 Germany HARTMANN & BRAUN AG 938.132 9.994 5 Germany DRAGERWERK AG 844.839 8.264 5 Germany SCHENCK(CARL)AG 677.966 6.721 5 Germany HARTMANN(PAUL)AG 673.310 3.821 5 Germany SAPAG 533.525 3.157 3 Germany SCHNEIDER RUNDFUNKWERKE AG 324.020 1.195 6 Italy OLIVETTI & C.(lNG.C.)SPA 6580.880 40.401 2,3 Italy MAGNETI MARELLI SPA 2362.595 21.348 5 Italy MERLONI ELETTRODOMESTICI SPA 1071.400 5.504 6 Japan HITACHI LTD 60515.380 331.505 1,2,3,4 Japan MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDL CO 56658.590 252.075 1 Japan TOSHIBA CORPORATION 37158.780 173.000 1,2 Japan SONY CORPORATION 31151.780 126.000 1,6 Japan NEC CORPORATION 28225.260 140.969 1,2,3,4 Japan FUJITSU LTD 27799.260 161.974 1,2,3,4 Japan MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC 26180.200 107.859 1,2 Japan CANON INC 15123.890 67.227 5 Japan SANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD 12111.730 56.1S6 1,6 Japan SHARP CORPORATION 11865.590 41.836 1,6 Japan SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES 9127.778 15.400 1 Japan FUll PHOTO FILM CO LTD 8967.069 24.868 5 Japan RICOHCO LTD 8205.973 NA 5 Japan VICTOR CO OF JAPAN LTD 6174.200 NA 6 Japan OKi ELECTRIC INDUSTRY CO LTD 5136.146 23.463 1,2,4 Japan NINTENDO CO LTD 4513.250 0.874 3 Japan TDK CORPORATION 4226.966 26.379 I Japan MATSUSHITA COMMUNICATIONS IN 4204.900 13.088 6

Global Economic Competition 411

1992 1992 Country Company Name Sale. Employment Clulter

Japan KONICA CORPORATION 4036.067 NA 5 Japan OMRONCORP 3715.495 21.494 5 Japan CASIO COMPUTER CO LTD 3466.332 NA 2 Japan KYOCERA CORPORATION 3465.738 NA 1 Japan CITIZEN WATCH CO LTD 3278.470 NA 5 Japan SEIKO CORPORATION 3035.490 NA 5 Japan KYUSHU MATSUSHITA ELECT 2857.830 6.469 4 Japan MINOLTA CAMERA CO LTD 2797.635 6.826 5 Japan SEGA ENTERPRISES LTD 2782.430 3.104 3 Japan MATSUSHITA KOTOBUKI ELECTR I 2480.400 NA 6 Japan MURATA MANUFACTURING CO LTD 2184.592 NA 1 Japan MINEBEA CO LTD 2173.741 NA 1 Japan OLYMPUS OPTICAL CO LTD 2149.773 12.230 5 Japan YOKOGAWA ELECTRIC CORPORATIO 1983.144 NA 5 Japan KOITO MANUFACTURING CO LTD 1946.000 NA 6 Japan NGK INSULATORS LTD 1932.000 NA 6 Japan KENWOOD CORPORATION 1900.800 NA 6 Japan NIKON CORPORATION 1862.349 NA 1,5 Japan BROTHER INDUSTRIES LTD 1799.224 NA 2 Japan MATSUSHITA REFRIGERATION CO 1648.700 NA 6 Japan SHIMADZU CORPORATION 1557.530 NA 5 Japan CLARION CO LTD 1467.600 2.480 6 Japan STANLEY ELECTRIC CO LTD 1457.500 NA 6 Japan AIWA CO LTD 1414.400 NA 6 Japan MITSUMI ELECTRIC CO LTD 1369.148 NA 1 Japan TOKYO ELECTRON LTD 1235.928 NA 1 Japan JAPAN RADIO CO LTD 1124.508 3.967 4 Japan HOY A CORPORATION 1122.156 8.084 5 Japan RINNAI CORPORATION 1007.100 NA 6 Japan ICHIKOH INDUSTRIES LTD 1000.700 NA 6 Japan KOKUSAI ELECTRIC CO LTD 969.172 NA 1 Japan NIPPON COLUMBIA CO LTD 920.220 NA 6 Japan TERUMO CORPORATION 919.466 4.554 5 Japan ASAHI OPTICAL CO LTD 885.548 NA 5 Japan MIY AKOSHI CORPN 758.670 NA 6 Japan NIPPON CHEMI-CON CORP 756.514 NA 1 Japan JANOME SEWING MACHINE CO LTD 698.660 NA 6 Japan AKAI ELECTRIC CO LTD 687.590 NA 6 Japan CSK CORPORATION 681.347 7.430 3 Japan ANRITSU CORPORATION 657.953 2.947 4 Japan NICHICON CORPORATION 624.749 NA 1 Japan NITSUKO CORPORATION 571.657 1.633 4 Japan IWASAKI ELECTRIC CO LTD 569.870 NA 6

Japan TOYO COMMUNICATION EQUIP 568.810 1.734 4 Japan HITACHI ELECTRONICS 531.000 1.470 4 Japan NOHMI BOSAI LTD 517.314 1.526 4 Japan NIPPON SIGNAL CO LTD 516.568 1.891 4 Japan ADVANTEST CORPORATION 497.659 NA 1,5 Japan JAPAN AVIATION ELECTRONICS I 496.077 NA 1 Japan UNIDEN CORPORATION 490.287 0.282 4

412 Appendix

1992 1992 Counl!,), Company Nama S.Ie,. Employmanl ClullOr

Japan TOKIMECINC 488.898 NA 5 Japan INTEC INC 487.704 3.022 3 Japan IBIDEN CO LTD 480.065 NA 1 Japan OSAKA TITANIUM CO LTD 465.306 NA 1 Japan RHYTHM WATCH CO LTD 462.046 NA 5 Japan KYOSAN ELECTRIC MANUFACT 451.398 1.339 4 Japan JEOL LTD 445.809 NA 5 Japan NmON KOHDENCORPORATION 444.179 2.510 5 Japan IWATSU ELECTRIC CO LTD 437.547 1.172 4 Japan USHIO INC 396.310 NA 6 Japan SUNTELEPHONE CO LTD 390.410 0.299 4 Japan IKEGAMI TSUSHINKI CO LTD 375.544 1.886 4 Japan TAMURA ELECTRIC WORKS LT 312.066 0.944 4 Japan DENKI KOOYO CO LTD 275.181 0.344 4 Soulh Korea SAMSUNO ELECTRONICS 7811.544 44.508 1 South Korea GOLD STAR CO 4847.935 30.929 1.6 South Korea SAMSUNG ELECTRON DEVICES 1293.865 10.043 1 South Korea SAMSUNG ELECTRO-MECHANICS 773.285 6.531 1 South Korea ANAM INDUSTRIAL CO 617.422 5.213 1 South Korea ORION ELECTRIC . 518.760 4.477 6 Netherlands PHILIPS ELECTRONICS NV 33377.940 252.200 1.4 Netherlands ALCATELNV 2194.900 134.027 4 Netherlands POLYGRAM NV 3773.700 11.094 6 Netherlands OCE-VAN DER GRINTEN NV 1520.543 12.262 5 Netherlands ATAG HOLDING NV 352.860 2.007 6 Singapore WEARNE BROTHERS LTD 585.669 NA 2 Spain AMPERSA 412.452 3.399 4 Sweden ELECTROLUX AB 13896.000 119.200 6 Sweden ERICSSON (TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGE 8115.651 66.232 4 Sweden GAMBROAB 1090.461 8.320 5 Sweden SPECTRA-PHYSICS AB 580.560 4.097 5 Switzerland OERLIKON-BUHRLE HOLDING AG 2408.811 16.359 5 Switzerland SMH-SCHWEIZ.GES.FUR MIKRO.& 1971.709 14.304 5 Taiwan ACERINC 1192.200 NA 2 Taiwan TAIWAN SENICONDUCTOR

MANUFACTURING CORP 242.940 NA Taiwan UNITED MICROELECTRONICS CORP 241.330 NA U.S. NCR CORP NA NA 1.2 U.S. AT&T CORP 64904.000 312.700 1,4 U.S. INTL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 64523.000 301.542 1,2.3 U.S. GENERAL ELECTRIC 56274.000 231.000 5 U.S. ITT CORP 21651.000 106.000 4 U.S. EASTMAN KODAK CO 20183.000 132.600 5 U.S. GTE CORP 19984.000 131.000 4 U.S. XEROX CORP 17040.000 99.300 2,5 U.S. HEWLETT-PACKARD CO 16410.000 92.600 1,2.3 U.S. DIGITAL EQUIPMENT 13930.800 113.800 2.3 U.S. MOTOROLA INC 13303.000 107.000 1.4 U.S. GENERAL MOTORS CL H 12169.000 89.300 5 U.S. RAYTHEON CO 9058.215 63.900 5

Global Economic Competition 413

1992 1992 Country Company Name Sales Employment Clullter

U.S. BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC 8471.000 61.300 5 U.S. UNISYSCORP 8423.000 54.300 1,2,3 U.S. GENERAL MOTORS CL E 8155.200 70.500 3 u.s. EMERSON ELECTRIC CO 7706.000 69.400 5 U.S. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC 7440.000 15.100 1 U.S. WHIRLPOOL CORP 7301.000 38.520 6 U.S. APPLE COMPUTER INC 70860535 14.798 2,3 U.S. NCR CORP 6285.000 55.000 3 U.S. HONEYWELL INC 6222.598 55.400 5 U.S. COOPER INDUSTRIES INC 6118.700 52.900 6 U.S. INTEL CORP 5843.977 25.800 1 U.S. LITTON INDUSTRIES INC 5692.598 49.500 5 U.S. JOHNSON CONTROLS INC 5156.500 46.800 5 U.S. TANDY CORP 4742.461 41.000 2 U.S. COMPAQ COMPUTER CORP 4099.758 9.500 2,3 U.S. PITNEY BOWES INC 3434.124 28.958 2 U.S. AMP INC 3337.145 7.483 1,2 U.S. LORALCORP 3335.403 24.500 5 U.S. MAYTAGCORP 3041.200 21.407 6 U.S. HARRIS CORP 3003.971 28.300 1,2,4 U.S. SEAGATETECHNOLOGY 2875.273 43.000 2 U.S. MICROSOFr CORP 2758.730 11.542 3 U.S. SUN MICROSYSTEMS INC 2671.626 12.812 2 U.S. AMDAHL CORP 2524.734 8.764 2 U.S. COMPUTER SCIENCES CORP 2479.850 26.000 3 U.S. BECTON DICKINSON & CO 2365.317 19.100 5 U.S. COMDISCO INC 2205.000 2.087 3 U.S. POLAROID CORP 2152.300 12.359 5 U.S. E-SYSTEMS INC 2094.913 18.590 5 U.S. TANDEM COMPUTERS INC 2036.917 10.784 2 U.S. DELL COMPUTER CORP 2013.924 4.650 2 U.S. NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP 2013.700 60.577 1 U.S. AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING 1940.570 20.500 3 U.S. WANG LABORATORIES 1896.200 12.855 2 U.S. COMPUTER ASSOCIATES INTL INC 1841.010 7.21S 3 U.S. BAUSCH & LOMB INC 1709.086 14.500 5 U.S. QUANTUM CORP 1697.240 2.455 2 U.S. NATIONAL SERVICE INDS INC 1633.800 20.100 6 U.S. GENERAL SIGNAL CORP 1618.276 13.671 4 U.S. STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CP 1521.487 10.100 1,2 U.S. ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES 1514.489 5.200 1 U.S. ORACLE SYSTEMS CORP 1502.770 9.247 3 U.S. MEDTRONIC INC 1328.208 9.247 5 U.S. TEKTRONIX INC 1302.378 9.840 1,2,5 U.s. RA YCHEM CORP 1296.300 11.187 6 U.S. V ARlAN ASSOCIATES INC 1288.024 14.400 1 U.S. ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORP 1243.500 15.000 2,6 U.S. MARK IV INDUSTRIES INC 1221.975 11.800 2 U.S. FIRST DATA CORP 1205.320 19.400 3 U.S. U S SURGICAL CORP 1197.200 8.138 5

414 Appendix

1992 1992 Country Company Name Sales Employment Cluster

U.S. INTERGRAPH CORP 1176.661 10.300 2 U.S. DATA GENERAL CORP 1115.947 7.100 1,2 U.S. GENERAL INSTRUMENT CORP 1074.695 9.200 4 U.S. COMPUTERVISION CORP 1065.580 5.400 3 U.S. THOMAS & BElTS CORP 1051.076 7.600 2,6 U.S. SCI SYSTEMS INC 1045.359 9.512 2 U.S. BARD (C.R.) INC 990.200 8.850 5 U.S. SUNBEAM-OSTER INC 967.220 9.400 6 U.S. THERMO ELECTRON CORP 946.972 7.500 5 U.S. AST RESEARCH 944.080 3.560 2 U.S. WESTERN DIGITAL CORP 938.332 6.906 1,2 U.S. NOVELL INC 933.370 3.637 3 U.S. PERKIN-ELMER CORP 911.124 6.085 2,5 U.S. BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS INC 908.800 6.879 S U.S. LOTUS DEVELOPMENT CORP 900.149 4.400 3 U.S. SILICA GRAPHIC CORP 866.590 3.575 2 U.S. CONTROL DATA CORP 830.300 8.800 2 U.S. EMERSON RADIO 815.290 0.650 6 U.S. CRA Y RESEARCH 797.578 4.895 2 U.S. HUBBELL INC 786.080 5.759 6 U.S. MILLIPORE CORP 177.001 5.772 5 U.S. MOLEX INC 776.192 8.100 1,2 U.S. BELL & HOWELL CO 670.039 5.171 2 U.S. VISHA Y INTRTECHNOLOGY 664.226 11.554 I U.S. ANACOMPINC 628.940 4.500 5 U.S. LSI LOGIC CORP 617.468 3.450 1 U.S. 3COMCORP 617.170 1.971 2 U.S. HARMAN INTERNATIONAL INDS 604.450 4.600 6 U.S. SCIENTIFIC-ATLANTA INC 580.831 3.200 2,4 U.S. PITTWA Y CORP/DE 568.301 4.500 4 U.S. ANALOG DEVICES 567.315 5.200 1,2 U.S. DIEBOLD INC 543.852 3.975 2 U.S. DSC COMMUNICATIONS CORP 536.319 3.301 4 U.S. TERADYNE INC 529.581 4.100 2,5 U.S. DYNATECH CORP 527.970 3.091 2 U.S. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO 502.366 5.100 5 U.S. GTECH HOLDINGS CORP 501.361 3.800 3 U.S. AMSCO INTERNATIONAL 498.168 4.161 5 U.S. COLEMAN CO INC 494.000 2.900 6 U.S. STRATUS COMPUTER INC 486.266 2.622 2 U.S. STRYKEY CORP 477.054 2.906 5 U.S. SHARED MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORP 467.997 3.943 3 U.S. BORLAND INTERNATIONAL 463.951 1.885 3 U.S. ANDREW CORP 442.008 3.040 4 U.S. CADENCE DESIGN SYS INC 434.500 2.500 3 U.S. ASK GROUP INC 432.424 2.282 3 U.S. LEGENTCORP 426.701 2.100 3 U.S. THERMO INSTRUMENT 423.199 3.652 5 U.S. THOMAS INDUSTRIES INC 420.750 3.480 6 U.S. ESCO ELECTRONICS 406.345 5.000 5

Global Economic Competition 415

1992 1992 Country Company Name Salel Employment Clulter

U.S. MICROPOLIS CORP 396.580 2.670 2 U.S. ROYAL APPLIANCE MFG CO 394.980 1.880 6 U.S. AUTODESK INC 367.721 1.565 3 U.S. MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 350.766 2.226 3 U.S. SYMBOLTECHNOLOOY 344.940 2.192 2 U.S. LDICORP 339.585 0.751 3 U.S. AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 332.544 3.200 3 U.S. FlSERVINC 332.090 3.750 3 U.S. SUNGARD DATA SYSTEMS INC 324.570 2.090 3 U.S. LOOICONINC 323.625 3.125 3 U.S. ADC TELECOMMUNICATIONS INC 316.496 2.303 4 U.S. COMPUTER TASK GROUP INC 302.677 4.132 3 U.S. ALLEN GROUP 296.245 3.000 4 U.S. LAMSON & SESSIONS CO 283.760 1.690 6 U.S. INFORMIX CORP 283.594 1.445 3 U.S. MAl SYSTEMS CORP 279.370 2.078 3 U.S. ADOBE SYSTEMS INC 265.931 0.887 3 U.S. SYBASEINC 264.558 1.627 3 U.S. STERLING SOFTWARE INC 259.261 2.150 3 U.S. TELLABS INC 258.560 2.216 4 U.S. BOLT BERANEK & NEWMAN INC 257.996 2.086 3 U.S. DATAPOINT CORP 255.240 1.777 2 U.S. BMC SOFTWARE INC 238.500 0.909 3 U.S. COVER COMPUTER 231.820 1.164 2 U.S. ASHTON-TATE CO 230.537 1.620 3 U.S. SYSTEM SOFTWARE ASSOC INC 228.800 1.200 3 U.S. C3INC 224.751 2.152 3 U.S. SYMANTEC CORP 205.999 1.012 3 U.S. HBO&CO 202.221 1.716 3 U.S. RECOGNITION INTL INC 199.186 1.695 3

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Cliffs: Prentice Hall Inc., 1994. Young, Ross A., ed. Silicon Sumo: U.S.-Japan Competition and Industrial Policy

ill the Semiconductor Equipment Industry. The IC2 Institute of The University of Texas at Austin, 1994.

Yue, Piyu. Competition Between U.S. andJapanese Electronics Companies. TheIC2 Institute of The University of Texas at Austin, 1991.

Acheson, Dean 4 aggregate demand xi, 28, 32, 34, 40, 65 aggregate savings 34 ASIC 104, 107 AT&T IS, 160, 161, 163-165,171, 182-185,

187, 188, 199-201, 206, 213, 215, 225, 229, 231, 242, 252, 259, 261, 262, 289, 290,292-299,301,302,304-309,311,381, 382,385,386,389,393

Austria xi, 28-30,32,33,35,36,43,45,55, 56, 133, 135, 139, 140, 142, 143, 147, 148

Ba1assa 15,81 Belgium xi, 28, 30, 33, 35, 36, 42-44, 53-56,

95-98, 100, 113, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 128-132,134-138,140, 142, 143, 147, 148, 151,152, 153, 155-157,291,296,319,350

benchmark 178, 179, 196,234,239,240,266, 270,271,295,300,326,332,357,362

bilateral trade 52-57 Bosch 291,292,305,381,382,385,389,390 Brazil xi, 17,28-30,33,35,36,43-45,53-56,

58, 95-97, 113, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 128, 130, 133-135, 137, 138, 141, 143, 147, 148, 151, 152, ISS, 156, 161, 291, 296,318,321,354

Bretton Woods System 46 Bush Administration 11, 41

CAD 260,261 CAD/CAM 260,261 Canada xi, xii, 21, 28, 30, 33, 35, 36, 43,

53-57,95, 97, 98, 100-103, 106-108, 112, 114-116,118-121,123,125,127,129,130, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 142, 143, 145,146,148-150,152-154,156,157,161, 167,171,172,175,176,263-266,268-270, 277, 279, 280, 284, 289, 291-294, 296, 298, 299, 301-305, 307, 308, 310, 312, 314,317,319,321, 324-326,328-331,333,

INDEX

335-337, 340, 352, 356, 357, 367, 370, 373,378

Canon 317,318,331,347,348,381,382,385, 388,389,393,394

CAPRE 17 captive companiel 180, 188,205,215,222 CASE 1,3,4,21,25,64, 187,201,258 CCR 22,25 central-oflice switches 288, 289, 292, 293 China xi, 3, 4, 15, 20, 28-30, 32, 33, 35, 36,

43,44,53-56,73,74,77,93-103, 106-108, 112,113,115-117,120,123-130,132-143, 146-148,150-152,154-157,159,161,230, 289,314,318,319,321,354,396

cluster chart 8, 18 clustering x, xi, xii, 10,17-19 CCHJS 195,196,239,270,271,300,332,362,

390,391 comparative advantages/disadvantages 72, 75,

76,80-83,92,281 comparative analysis ix, x, xi, xii, 4, 18-20,64,

69, 92, 93, 107, 134, 159, 164-166, 172, 174, 177, 178, 179, 192, 197, 204, 208, 214, 216, 225, 227, 231, 238, 247, 253, 257, 280, 281, 287, 290, 296, 303, 313, 322, 341, 344, 349, 350, 358, 362, 369, 376, 377, 398, 407

competitive advantage ix, xi, 8, 18, 19,340, 388,391

competitive cluster xi competitiveness ix, x, xi, 1, 15,20,21,27,66,

159, 177,216 Compustat 165 Computer Industry Almanac 9, 181,223,224,

227,230,231,257,261 computer manufacturing xii, 8-10,16,19, Ill,

119,122,165-169,171-178,179, 180,222, 224-227, 231, 233, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245, 248, 251-254, 261, 262, 264,274,276-278,280,283,287,290,303

computer software xii,9, 10, 19, 118, 126, 153, 165-169,171-177,179,257,258,261-263, 265,266,268-270,279,284,289,303

422

consumer electronics xii, 6, 8-10,69,71,72, 75-80, 92, 131, 139, 162, 163, 165-169, 171-178, 179, 180, 184, 349-358, 360, 362-365,367-371,373,374,376,402

consumer expenditure 33, 34, 65 Cooper, William W. xiii, 20, 22, 24, 25, 195,

350,352,368,369,371,373 cost of goods sold 195, 239, 270, 271, 277,

300,332,362,390 Crick, Bernard 3 critical margin 4, 6 current account 50-52

Datamation 230, 262 DEA xi, 19-22,24,25,165,173,174,195-200,

216-219,221,239-243,246,270-272,274, 276,277,300-303,332-336,362-365

DEA Efficiency 21,173,196,197,218,221, 239, 240, 270, 271, 300, 302, 303, 332, 336,362

Decision Making Units 22 Denmark xi, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 43, 44,

53-55, 141, 143, 151, 152, 155, 156, 173, 176, 179, 353, 356, 357, 359-361,363, 367,369,370

depreciation 41,45,46,49, Ill, 195,228,391 Digital Equipment 225, 226, 229, 240, 242,

246, 248, 250, 252-254, 256, 261, 262, 274, 278, 279, 281, 282, 284, 286, 287, 318,384,389,390,394

digital information 126,288 disposable income 34, 40 DMU 22,23,25 DRAM/S 13, 14, 104, 105, 107, 164, 184, 186,

187,230,398-400,402

Eastman Kodak 315,317,318,331,336,339, 340,343,344,347,382,384,386,389

economic competition ix, x, xi, 1-4, 18,28,58, 83,93,160,161,164,170,177,178,180, 181,377,405,407

efficient production frontier 21 eight-point program 16 Electrolux 350, 352, 355, 359, 366, 374, 381,

382, 385, 389-393 electronic components xii, 6, 8-10, 13, 14, 16,

17,19,69,71,75-80,92-94,97,104,105, 108, 109, 162, 165-169,171-178,179-183, 185, 189, 190, 195, 197, 198, 200-206, 209, 210, 212, 219, 220, 230, 274, 276, 277,293,303,320,354

Index

electronic technology x, xi, xii, 5-8, 10, 18,68, 69,76, 104, 160, 162-166, 168, 174, 178, 179, 183, 184, 225, 257, 377, 379, 395, 397,398,402

EPROM 104 European Community 16, 292, 407 exchange rates 45, 46, 162, 378, 388

Fare 20 federal budget deficits 27 fifth-generation computer project 12 foreign trade deficits 27, 56, 64, 68, 108 Fourth Industrial Revolution 5, 6 France xi, 4, 16,21,28,30,33,36,43,44,

53-56, 73, 74, 95-103, 106-108, 110, 112, 114-116,118-123,125,127,129,130,132, 134-138, 141-146, 148, 149, 150, 152-154, 156, 159, 161, 167-169,173, 175-178,179, 183, 190, 194, 195, 212, 214, 216, 227, 229,262-266,268-270,277,284,287,291, 292, 294, 296, 298, 299, 304-306, 310, 312, 314, 316, 317, 319, 320, 324-326, 328-330,333,335-337,339,342,343,347, 351-357, 360, 361, 363, 365, 367, 368, 370,373-376,377,380-383,385,389

Fransman, Martin 12 Fujitsu 19, 110, 160, 164, 165, 180, 182,

184-186,198,200,201,206,209-212,214, 216,225-228,230,231,242,248,250-252, 254, 255, 262, 267, 274, 276, 278-284, 289, 291, 292, 302, 303, 305-310, 312, 313, 379, 381, 382, 385, 388,389, 393, 394,399-401,403,404

game theory 161 GDP xi, 28-42, SO-52, 64-68, 378, 382-384 GE/General Electric 12, 192, 193, 238, 269,

299,314,315,316,338,340-341,343-345, 381,382,385,389,393,400

Germany xi, xii, 3, 4, 21,27,28,30,32,33, 35,36, 43-46,48-50,52-68,69,73-77,79, 80,82,83,95-101,103,105-108,110,112, 114-116, 118-123, 125-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142-146, 148-150,152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159, 161, 167-169, 176, 178, 179, 183-185, 188, 191, 194, 201, 205, 208, 212, 214, 216, 227, 230, 231, 239, 262-266,268-270,277,282,284,291-294, 296-299,304-308,310, 314-321,324-326, 328-330, 337, 339, 350, 353, 354, 356, 357,360,361,367,374-376,377,380-383, 385,389,390,393

Global Economic Competition

global industry 18,314 globalization 102, 103, 111, 121, 161, 162,

289, 293, 396, 402 Global Vantage 165 Golany 20,21 government intervention 11, 161, 163 government spending 34, 39, 67 Great Britain ix, xi, xii, 4, 19,28,30,32,33,

35, 36, 38, 43-45, 53-56, 73-77, 79-83, 95-103, 105-108, 110, 112, 114-116, 118-123, 125-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142-146,148-150,152, 153, 154,156,161, 171-173, 175, 178, 214, 216, 262, 264, 314,315,318-320,350,353,354,375

Great Powers 1-3,27,28,64 Grosskopf 20 GTE 290, 292, 297, 300, 305-308, 311, 381,

382,385,389,393,400

Hewlett-Packard 15, 163, 180, 182, 183, 185, 187, 198, 200, 201, 206, 210, 213, 225, 226, 229, 231, 240, 243, 246, 249, 250, 252-254,261,262,274,276,281-284,318, 319,382,386,387,389,398,404

Hitachi 110, 160-162, 164, 165, 180, 182, 184-186, 198, 200, 201, 206, 212, 214, 225-231, 242, 248, 251-255, 262, 267, 274, 276, 283, 284, 291, 292, 297, 302, 303, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313, 381, 382, 385, 386, 388, 389, 393, 394, 399-404

Hong Kong xi, 3, 15-17,28-30,32,33,35,36, 42,43,53-56,73-77,94-103,105-108,109, 110, 112, 114-116, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, ISO, 152, 154, 156,319,354

IBM 11, 12, 19, 110, 160, 161, 163-165,171, 172, 175, 176, 180, 182, 183, 185-187, 198, 200, 201, 206, 210, 211, 213, 214, 216, 224-240, 242, 246-248, 250-252, 254-256,258,260-262,274,276,283,284, 286, 287, 318, 319, 381, 382, 385, 386, 389,390,393,394,400,402,404

IBM-Japan 12 Ie. 82, 104, lOS, 107, 108, 109, 180, 184,211 index of revealed comparative advantage 81 index of revealed comparative disadvantage 81 India 4,94,95,97,318,396 industrial instruments xii, 8-10, 69, 71, 78-80,

92, 144, 156, 162, 163, 165-167, 169, 171-177,185,314,316-318,320-322,324,

423

326,328,330,333,334,336-338,340-343, 345,346,349,377

Infonnation Age 5, 6 infonnation technology 5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 162,

184,230,319 integrated circuita 8,9, 11, 14-16,70-73,75-80,

82-85,92,93, 104-108,109, 110, 162, 178, 180, 187,209,229,403

integration 9, 16, 19, 161-163, 183, 185,225, 229,292,318

international trade patterns 27, 69, 109, 111, liS, 121, 144, 164

International Trade Statistics Yearbook 53-55, 57,61,69,93,95, 98, 101, 106, 107, 113, 117,124, 128, 133, 137, 141, 147, 151

Italy xi, 4, 21, 28-30, 32,33,35,36,43,44, 53-55, 73, 74, 95-98, 100, 101, 103, 106-108, 112, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 128-130, 133-138, 141-143, 147, 148, 151-154, 156, 157, 159, 172, 227, 231, 254, 256, 262, 263, 314, 316, 319-321, 324, 326, 328-330, 337, 339, 342, 346, 349,352,356,357,360,361,367,374

TIT 290,292,307,308,311,381,385,386, 389, 390, 393

J-curve 45, 46, 49 Japan ix, xi, xii, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11-17,19-21,

27-33,35,36,39-47,49-68,69,72-76,79, 80,82,83,93-103,105-108,109,110,112, 114-116, 118-123, 125-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142-146, 148-150, 152-154, 156, 157,159, 160, 162-164,167,169,171-173, 175-178,179-182,185, 189-195,197, 198, 200,204-206,209,210,212-214,216-221, 224,226-229,231-240,242,246-248,251, 252,254,255,262,264-272,277-282,284, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291-299, 301-305, 307-313,314-319,321, 323-326,328-330, 333,335-339,341-347,349,350,352,353, 356, 357, 360, 361, 363, 365, 367-371, 373-376,377-385,387,389,391-393,395, 396,399-405

Japanese industry policies 13

Kennedy, Paul Krugman, Paul ix, 1

macroeconomic perfonnance x, xi, 28, 64, 383 Makimoto Wave Theory 402

424

Malaysia xi, 13, 14,28-30,33,35,36,42-44, 53-55, 73, 74, 76, 77, 100-103, 105-108, 109, 112, 115, 116, 118-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142, 143, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154,156,159,161,319,321,353,396

market value xii, 19, 165, 176, 177,211-216, 253-256,257,281,283-287,309-313,322, 344-348,372-375,393,394

Matsushita 182,184,185,198,200,201,206, 212, 214, 228, 291, 302, 303, 305, 351-353, 359, 365, 366, 368, 373, 374, 381,382,385,386,389,393,394,403

merchant companies 180, 218 Mexico xi, 17,28-30,33,35,36,43,45,

53-56,58, 101, 103, 113-115, 117, 120, 122, 124, 125, 128-130, 133-135, 137-139, 141-143, 147, 148, 151, 152, 155, 156, 161,289,314,319,354

MISC 104 MITI 12, 13, 227 Mitsubishi 161, 180, 182, 185-187,200,209,

212,214,226-228,240,242,248,251-254, 379, 381, 385, 389, 390, 393, 394, 399, 400

monopoly 99, 160, 164,258,290,292,380 MOS 104 Motorola 177,182,183,185,186,199-201,

210,213-216,289,290,302,305-309,311, 312, 354, 381, 382, 385-387, 389, 393, 394, 398

multi domestic industries 18 multimedia 8, 9, 126, 184,224,230,258, 260,

350,398,399,403

NASA 11 national debt 40-42,65,68 National Development Plan 17 natural endowments xii, 92, 159 NEC 180, 182, 184-186, 198,200,206,209,

210, 212, 214, 216, 225-229, 231, 240, 242, 248, 251-255, 262, 267, 271, 272, 274, 276, 279, 283, 284, 286, 287, 289, 291, 292, 302, 303, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313,379,381,385,386,388,389,393, 394,399-401,403,404

Netherlands xi, 28, 30, 33, 35, 36, 42-44, 53-56, 73, 74, 76, 95-103, 106-108, 112, 114, 115, 117-120, 122, 123, 125-127, 129-131,133-138,140,142,143,145,146, 148, ISO, 152, 155, 156, 161, 172, 173, 176, 178, 183, 205,212,214,291, 292, 294, 296, 301, 304, 306, 310, 314, 317-319,324-326,328-330,333,335-337,

Index

342, 347, 353, 354, 356, 357, 360, 361, 363, 365, 367, 368, 370, 375, 377, 380-383,385,389,390,393

not 181es 166, 167, 187-190, 192, 195, 196, 204, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 146, 151, 264-270,277,293-300,303,315,322,326, 327,329,332,355,357,358,360-362,380

NICs 28 non-parametric 20 NTT 164,292

OECD countries 20 oligopoly 160-162,289 OLS 94,189,211,220,234,253,265,283,

295,326,344,357,372

PBXs 289,293 PCs 110, 111, 186,222-225,228,230,231,

258, 259, 350, 398, 402-404 perfect competition 160, 380 performance measures 216,217,349 Philippines xi, 28-30, 33, 36, 38, 43, 44, 53-55,

100-103, 105-108, 109, 161 Philips 180, 183, 188-195,197,201,204,205,

209, 212, 214, 216, 291, 292, 301, 307, 309,310,352, 381,382,385,389-393

Phillips, Fred xiii Porter, Michael xi, 8, 18 production possibility set 21 PROLOG 16

RCAM 81,82 RCAX 81,82 Reagan Administration 41 real GOP xi, 29-31, 38-40, 378, 382-384 revealed comparative advantage/RCA 81 RISC 104,224 Rostow, Walt W. 4, 6

Samsung 13, 180, 183, 185, 186,201,351, 354,377,381,382,384,385,389,399, 400,402

Sanyo 182, 185, 198,200,212,214,352,353, 359, 364-366, 368, 371, 372, 374, 379, 381,384,385,389,390,393,394

Sculley, John 5 SEI 17 selling, general and administrative expenses 195,

239,270,271,300,332,362,390 semiconductor cycle 398, 400, 402

Global Economic Competition

semiconductor industry 9, 13,92,93,104,105, 108, 181, 184, 186, 192, 194,208,216, 288,400,402

Semiconductor Industry Promotion Plan 13 Sharp 28,45,50,62,75, 182, 185, 191, 198,

200, 212, 214, 228, 250, 253, 255, 278, 352-354,359,364-366,368,371,372,374, 381,384,385,388,389,393,394,403

sle (Standard Industrial Classification) 19, 165, 261, 322, 349

Siemens 16,180, 183-185,188-195,204,205, 208, 209, 225, 227, 23~232, 234, 235, 239, 289, 291, 292, 305-310, 318, 381, 382, 385, 389-393

Singapore xi, 3, 4, 13-15,28-30,32,33,35, 36, 38, 42, 43, 53-56, 73, 74, 76, 77, 93-103, 105-108, 109, 1I2, 1I4-1I6, 118-123, 125-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 152, 154, 156, 159, 161, 167, 168, 178, 227, 230, 235,239,254,257,319,321,353,396

SITe 84-91,93,95,97-101,103, 104, 106, 108, 109, Ill, 1I2, 1I5, 1I6, 1I8, 120, 121, 123-128,130-132,135, 137-140,143, 144, 146, 148-150,152-154, 156

SITe 751 Ill, 1I2, 1I5 SITe 752 86,87, 1I6, 1I8, 120 SITe 759 88,89, 121, 123-125 SITC 761 131, 132, 135 SITC 762 135, 137, 138 SITC 763 139, 140, 143 SITC 764 90,91,126-128,130 SITC 776.1 93,95,97 SITC 776.2 93,97,98, 100 SITC 776.3 93,99, 101, 103 SITC 776.4 93, 104, 106, 108 SITC 871 144, 146, 148 SITC 872 149, 150, 152 SITe 874 153, 154, 156 Sony 182, 185, 198,200,206,209,210,212,

214,351-354,359,364-366,368,371,372, 374, 381, 382, 385, 388, 389, 393, 394, 403

South Korea xi, xii, 4, 13-15,17,28-30,33, 35, 36, 38, 43, 44, 53-56, 73-75, 93-103, 105-108,109, 110, 1I2, 1I5, 116, 118-123, 125-127, 129-132,134-140,142, 143, 146, 148, 150, 152-154, 156, 157, 159, 164, 167, 169, 178, 180, 185, 188, 190, 191, 229, 351, 352, 354-357, 360, 361, 363, 365, 367, 377, 380-383, 385, 389, 396, 400,402

Soviet Union 3, 4

425

Spain xi, 28-30,32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 43-45, 53-56,95-97,113,115, 1I7, 1I8, 120,124, 125, 128-130,132, 134, 135,155-157,161, 291,296,319,320

SRAM 104, 186 supply-side economics 41 Sweden xi, 28-30,32,33,35,36,38,43,44,

53-55, 98, 100, 106-108, 1I3, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 133-135, 141, 143, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 168, 169, 173, 175-178, 179, 291, 292, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 317, 319, 321,322,324-326,328-330,333,335-337, 342,347,348,352,355-357,359-361,367, 374,377,380-383,385,389,390,393

Switzerland xi, 28-30,32, 33, 35, 36, 43, 44, 53-56, 101, 103, 113, 1I5, 117, 120, 124, 125, 128, 130, 133, 135, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148, 151, 152, 154, 156, 314, 316, 317,319,320,322,324-326,328-330,337, 339, 346, 350

Taiwan xi, 3, 13-15,28-30,33,35,36,42-44, 53-56,93, 107, 110, 159, 161, 167, 178, 180, 183-185, 190, 192, 200, 205, 209, 227, 230, 232, 235, 254, 257, 319, 354, 396,402

technology chain x, xi, xii, 5-8, 10, 18,68, 69, 75, 76, 104, 144, 160, 162-166, 168, 174, 178, 179, 183, 184, 225, 257, 292, 377, 379,380,395,397,398,402

technology frontier 6 telecommunications equipment xii, 9, 10,64,

69-72,75-80,82,83,90-92,104, 126-131, 164-167, 169, 171-178, 179, 288-301, 303-308,310,313,398

Thailand xi, 13, 14,28-30,33,35,36,38,43, 44, 53-55, 98-101, 103, 106-108, 109, 112-117,119-125,127, 128, 130, 132-135, 146, 148, 150, 152, 159, 161,319

Third Industrial Revolution 5, 397 Thomson 16,291,292,296,305-307,316,320,

335,339,343,381,382,385,389,390 Thore, Stcn xiii, 20, 21 Toshiba 160,161,164,180,182,184-186,198,

200, 201, 206, 209, 212, 214, 225-228, 231, 240, 242, 248, 251-254, 379, 381, 382,385,386,389,393,394,399-401,403

total assets 166, 167, 170, 188-193, 195, 196, 200, 201, 217, 232-239, 241, 264-271, 293-297, 299, 300, 326, 327, 330, 332, 357-359,361,362,384-387,390,394,396

triad 3

426

underlying facton 216,217 unit assets 200,201,246,271,274,281 unit costs 200,201,246,271,274,390,391 United States ix, xi, xii, xiii, 1,3-6,8-12, 16,

19-21,27,28,31,32,35,38-41,43-46,49, 50,52,56-59,62,64-68,69,73-76,79,82, 83,93,95-103,105-108,109-112,114-116, 118-123, 125-127, 129-132, 134-140, 142-146,148-150,152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159-161,163,167,169,171-173,175,176, 178, 179-195,197-201,204-211,213-221, 222-224,226,228-243,246-256,257,261, 262,264-272,274,277-287,288,290,292, 293-299, 301-309, 311-313, 314-321, 322-348, 349-352, 353, 354-376, 377-400, 402-406

upstream industry 8

VLSI project 12

Xerox 171,172,226,315,317,318,331,335, 336, 340, 341, 343, 347, 348, 381, 384, 385, 389, 390, 393

XSGA 196,239,270,271,300,332,362,390, 391

Index