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APPENDIX I
INSTRUMENTATION
I-1
Figure I-1: Multifunction Data Acquisition Board: National Instruments Product (Model # PCI 6023E)
I-2
Figure I-2: Calibration Certificate for High Sensitivity Accelerometer (Model #U353B34)
I-3
Figure I-3: Calibration Certificate for High Shock Accelerometer (PCB Model #U350A14)
I-4
Figure I-4: PCB High Sensitivity and High Shock Accelerometers
Figure I-5: PCB Accelerometer Mounting Bases
Figure I-6: PCB Multi-Channel Signal Conditioner
I-5
Figure I-8: PCB Modally Tuned Hammers
I-6
Figure I-9: Ultrasonic Pulser-Receiver Model #5058PR
Figure I-10 Ultrasonic Transducer Model V1011
I-7
Figure I-11: Ultrasonic Transducer Certification
I-8
Figure I-12 (a): Connection Of Ultrasonic Unit 5058PR In Pulse-Echo Mode
Figure I-12 (b): Connection Of Ultrasonic Unit 5058PR in Through-Transmission Mode
APPENDIX II
IMPACT TEST RESULTS
II-1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-1
0
1
2
3
forc
e (V
)
ham m er im pac t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-2
0
2
4
acc.
(V)
t im e (m s ec )
bar res pons e
0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 3 3 .5 4 4 .5 50
1 0
2 0
3 0
ampl
. sp
ectr
um fo rc e
0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 3 3 .5 4 4 .5 50
2 0 0
4 0 0
ampl
. sp
ectr
um a c c e le ra t io n
0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5 3 3 .5 4 4 .5 50
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
tran
sfer
func
tion
fre q u e n c y (k H z )
Figure II-1: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0m long, intact bar, installed in empty Sonotube with end plates; impacted with an instrumented rubber-tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
forc
e (V
)
ham m er im pac t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-0.5
0
0.5
1
acc.
(V)
t im e (m s ec )
bar res pons e
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
20
40
60
ampl
. sp
ectr
um forc e
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
20
40
60
ampl
. sp
ectr
um ac c elerat ion
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
500
1000
tran
sfer
func
tion
frequenc y (k Hz )
Figure II-2: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0 m long, intact bar, installed in empty Sonotube with end plates and nuts; impacted with an instrumented rubber-tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-0.5
0
0.5
forc
e (V
)
ham m er im pac t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-2
0
2
acc.
(V
)
im pac t end
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-0.2
0
0.2
t im e (m s ec )
acc.
(V)
oppos ite end
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
5
10
ampl
.sp. force
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
50
100
ampl
.sp. impact end acc.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
10
20
ampl
.sp. oppos ite end acc.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
1000
2000
tran
sfer
func
tion
frequency (kHz)
Figure II-3: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0m long, suspended bar without defect, installed in empty PVC tube with end plates and nuts; impacted with an instrumented rubber-tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-20
-10
0
10
20
acc.
(V)
im pac t end
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-2
-1
0
1
2
acc.
(V)
t im e (m s ec )
oppos ite end
0 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3 .5 4 4.5 50
500
1000
1500
2000
ampl
.sp.
im pac t end ac c .
0 0 .5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3 .5 4 4.5 50
50
100
150
200
ampl
.sp.
frequenc y (k H z )
oppos ite end ac c .
Figure II-4: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0m long, suspended bar without defect, installed in PVC tube with end plates and nuts; impacted with a metal-tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-5
0 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3 .5 4 4.5 50
5
10
15
ampl
. sp
ectr
um fo rc e
0 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3 .5 4 4.5 50
50
100am
pl. s
pect
rum ac c e lera t ion
0 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2.5 3 3 .5 4 4.5 50
1000
2000
3000
tran
sfer
func
tion
frequenc y (k H z )
Figure II-5: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0m long bar with defect, 25% section reduction and 75mm long notch in the middle, installed in empty Sonotube with end plates; impacted with an instrumented rubber-tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
forc
e (V
)
ham m er im pac t
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
acc.
(V)
t im e (m s ec )
bar res pons e
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
10
20
ampl
. sp
ectru
m fo rc e
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
100
200
ampl
. sp
ectru
m ac c elerat ion
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50
1000
2000
tran
sfer
func
tion
frequenc y (k H z )
Figure II-6: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0m long bar with defect, 25% section reduction and 75mm long notch in the middle, installed in empty Sonotube with end plates and nuts; impacted with an instrumented rubber tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-7
Figure II-7: Bench-Scale Test Results- Time-history response for 2.0m
long, intact, mechanically bar isolated, bar; pendulum impact
(VirtualBench Scope screen).
Figure II-8: Bench-Scale Test Results- Time-history response for 2.0m
long, mechanically isolated, bar with defect; 25% section reduction and
75mm long notch in the middle; pendulum impact (VirtualBench Scope
screen).
II-8
Figure II-9: Bench-Scale Test Results- Time and frequency-domain response for 2.0m long, intact, mechanically isolated bar; pendulum impact (VirtualBench DSA screen).
Figure II-10: Bench-Scale Test Results- Time and frequency-domain response for 2.0m long, mechanically isolated bar with defect; 25% section reduction and 75mm long notch at 0.60m from one end; pendulum impact (VirtualBench DSA screen).
II-9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
acce
lera
tion
(V)
t im e (m s ec )
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
10
20
30
40
50
ampl
itude
spe
ctru
m
frequenc y (k Hz )
Figure II-11: Bench-Scale Test Results- Time and frequency-domain response for 2.0m long, mechanically isolated bar with defect; 25% section reduction and 150mm long notch in the middle; pendulum impact.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
acce
lera
tion
(V)
t im e (m s ec )
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
10
20
30
40
50
ampl
itude
spe
ctru
m
frequenc y (k Hz )
Figure II-12: Bench-Scale Test Results- Time and frequency-domain response for 2.0 m long, mechanically isolated bar with defect; 75% section reduction cut at 0.60m from one end; pendulum impact.
II-10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 00
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1 6
1 8
2 0
ampl
itude
spe
ctru
m
fre q u e n c y (k H z )
7 5 % c u t b a r 1 5 c m n o t c h b a r
Figure II-13: Bench-Scale Test Results- Frequency-domain response for 2.0 m long bar with 75% section reduction cut at 0.60 m from one end, and 2.0 m long bar with 25% section reduction and 150 mm long notch in the middle; pendulum impact on mechanically isolated bars.
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0-0 . 5
0
0 . 5
1
forc
e (V
)
h a m m e r im p a c t
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0-5
0
5
acc.
(V)
s p e c im e n re s p o n s e
0 0 . 5 1 1 .5 2 2 . 5 3 3 .5 4 4 . 5 50
1
2
Fou
rier
spec
trum
fre q u e n c y (k H z )
a c c .
Figure II-14: Bench-Scale Test Results- Response for 2.0m long bar with defect in sand; 25% section reduction and 75mm long notch in the middle, installed in Sonotube filled with sand; impacted with instrumented rubber-tipped hammer (time and frequency domain).
II-11
Figure II-15: In-situ Measurement for Specimen #1- Impact response for 3.0m long, plain bar; impacted with ball peen hammer.
Figure II-16: In-situ Measurement for Specimen #2- Impact response for 3.0m long, plain bar with defect; impacted with ball peen hammer.
II-12
Figure II-17: In-situ Measurement for Specimen #3- Impact response for 3.0m long, epoxy-coated bar; impacted with ball peen hammer.
Figure II-18: In-situ Measurement for Specimen #4- Impact response for 3.0m long, epoxy-coated bar with defect; impacted with ball peen hammer.
II-13
Figure II-19: In-situ Measurement for Specimen #7- Impact response for 3.0m long, grouted, plain bar; impacted with ball peen hammer.
Figure II-20: In-situ Measurement for Specimen #8- Impact response for 3.0 m long grouted, plain bar with defect; impacted with ball peen hammer.
APPENDIX III
ULTRASONIC TEST RESULTS
Figure III-1: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0 m Long Bar With Defect - isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 25% section reduction and 75mm long notch in the middle (100kHz ultrasonic transducer)
Figure III-2: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With Defect - isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 25% section reduction and 75mm long notch in the middle (55kHz ultrasonic transducer)
III-2
Figure III-3: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With
Defect - isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 25% section
reduction and 150mm long notch in the middle (100kHz ultrasonic
transducer)
Figure III-4: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With
Defect- isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 25% section
reduction cut at 0.60m from one end (100kHz ultrasonic
transducer)
III-3
Figure III-5: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m long bar with
Defect- isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 50% section
reduction cut at 0.60m from one end.
Figure III-6: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With
Defect- - isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 75% section
reduction cut at 0.60m from one end.
III-4
Figure III-7: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With
Defect - isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 13% section
reduction and 75mm long notch at 0.60m from one end (55kHz
ultrasonic transducer)
Figure III-8: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With
Defect - isolated bar on polystyrene pads with 25% section
reduction and 75mm long notch at 0.60m from one end (100kHz
ultrasonic transducer)
III-5
Figure III-9: Bench-Scale Test Result for 2.0m Long Bar With
Defect In Sand - bar with 25% section reduction and 75mm long
notch in the middle, installed in Sonotube filled with sand (100kHz
ultrasonic transducer)
Figure III-10: Bench-Scale Test Result for 6.0m Long Bar (100kHz
ultrasonic transducer)
III-6
Figure III-11 (a): In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #1-
3.0m long plain bar (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
Figure III-11 (b): In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #1-
3.0m long plain bar (55kHz ultrasonic transducer)
III-7
Figure III-12: In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #2- 3.0m long
plain bar with defect (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
Figure III-13 (a): In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #3 -3.0m
long epoxy bar (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
III-8
Figure III-13 (b): In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #3 -3.0m
long epoxy bar (55kHz ultrasonic transducer).
Figure III-14: In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #4 - 3.0m long
epoxy bar with defect (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
III-9
Figure III-15: In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #5 - 3.0m long
strand (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
Figure III-16: In-Situ Measurement for Specimen # 6 - 3.0m long
strand with defect (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
III-10
Figure III-17: In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #7 - 3.0m long
plain bar in grout (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
Figure III-18: In-Situ Measurement for Specimen #8 - 3.0m long
plain bar with defect in grout (100kHz ultrasonic transducer).
APPENDIX IV
POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS
IV-1
Figure IV-1: Current vs. Potential Measurement For In-Situ Specimen #1 – plain bar
initial potential
0.010.1
110
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
final potential
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
IV-2
Figure IV-2: Current vs. Potential Measurement for In-Situ Specimen #3- epoxy coated bar without defect.
initial potential
0.01
0.1
1
880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
final potential
0.01
0.1
1
860 880 900 920 940 960 980
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
IV-3
Figure IV-3: Current vs. Potential Measurement for In-Situ Specimen #4-epoxy coated bar with defect.
initial potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
final potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
IV-4
Figure IV-4 Current vs. Potential Measurement for In-Situ Specimen #5- Strand without defect.
initial potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 500 1000 1500 2000
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
final potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
IV-5
Figure IV-5: Current vs. Potential Measurement for In-Situ Specimen # 6- strand with defect.
initial potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
final potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
IV-6
Figure IV-6: Current vs. Potential Measurement: For In-Situ Specimen #8- grouted bar with defect.
initial potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
final potential
0.01
0.1
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
potential (mV)
curr
ent (
mA
)
APPENDIX V
PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE
V-1
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-6
V-7
VI-1
VI-2
VI-3
VI-4
VI-5
VI-6
VI-7
VI-8
VI-9
VI-10
