APPENDIX H: HYDROGEOLOGY REPORT - Royal HaskoningDHVrhdhv.co.za/media/UCG Majuba/App H - Hydrogeology.pdf · 2014-07-15 · 1.0 Golder A hydrogeo site in so Golder h additiona identified

APPENDIX H: HYDROGEOLOGY REPORT

1.0 Golder Ahydrogeosite in so

Golder hadditionaidentifiedinclude t

Sha

Intedee

Inteand

Dee

These mhydrogeo

The concand testithe calibfor the re

The updnumericaupdated

2.0 The Majnorth-wePower S

The MajThe Witbconfluen

DATE

TO

CC

FROMHYDROMAJUBA

INTRODUAssociates Aological servouth-eastern

has constructal groundwatd gaps in thethe following

allow – all W

ermediate upep);

ermediate Lod

ep – all WMD

monitoring hoological mod

ceptual hydring results. T

bration was ne-calibration

ated hydrogeal simulationconceptual

LOCALITuba UCG tria

est of the towStation as ind

uba UCG triabankspruit flonce of the two

22 February

Mike BeeslaEskom Maju

Mihai Mures

GEOLOGICA UCG

PO Box 6001, Half

Golder Associate

Reg. No. 2002/0 Golder, Golde

UCTION AAfrica (Pty) Ltvices to Esko

Mpumalang

ted a numeriter monitorin

e conceptual :

WMS borehole

pper – all WIU

ower – all WI

D boreholes

oles thus mondel.

rogeological The 2010 numnot completed

of the nume

eological conns are used fohydrogeolog

TY AND SITal site is loca

wn of Volksrudicated on Fig

al site coversows south too watercours

y 2013

aar uba UCG

san

AL BACKGR

Gofway House, 1685, S

Tel: [+27] (11) 254

es: Operations in A

007104/07 Directorser Associates and the

ND BACKtd (Golder) isom’s Undergrga Province.

ical groundwng boreholes

hydrogeolog

es monitoring

U boreholes

L boreholes

monitoring th

nitor specific

model was umerical moded. It is plannrical model b

nceptual modor the ground

gical model a

TE DESCRated about 10ust in Mpumagure 1.

s an area of north and to

ses lies direc

ROUND INF

older Associates A

South Africa, Thandan4 4800 Fax: [+27] (1

Africa, Asia, Australa

s: SAP Browns, FR Se GA globe design a

KGROUNDs currently enround Coal G

water flow mowere installe

gical model.

g the shallow

monitoring t

monitoring t

he guss coa

c hydrogeolog

updated in 20el was updat

ned that the ibefore any im

del is based dwater impa

and numerica

RIPTION 0 km south-walanga. The U

approximateo the west ofctly north of t

FORMATION

Africa (Pty) Ltd. nani Park, Matuka Cl11) 315 0317 www.g

asia, Europe, North

Sutherland, AM van Nare trademarks of Go

D ngaged by EGasification (

odel in 2006 ed focussed These holes

w aquifer (±4

the upper con

the bottom co

l seam (±280

gical units id

012 with the ted in 2012 wnformation fr

mpact assess

on the modect assessme

al modelling c

west of the toUCG site is 5

ely 60 ha on tf the site andhe site.

REFERENC

EN AND EXIST

ose, Halfway Gardengolder.com

America and South

Niekerk, RA Heath, Llder Associates Corp

skom Holdin(UCG) projec

that was updon gathering are focusse

0m deep);

ntact with the

ontact of the

0m deep).

entified in th

additional inwith the additrom the hydrsment will be

el constructeent. The curreconducted in

own of Amers5 km north-e

the eastern b the tributary

CE No. 1161

EMAIL gvan

TING MODE

ns, Midrand

h America

L Greyling poration.

ngs Limited toct team at th

dated in 2010g informationed around ga

e Dolerite sil

dolerite sill (

e conceptua

nformation frotional informraulic linking e conducted.

ed in 2010 anent documen

n 2010.

sfoort and 35east of Eskom

bank of the Wy flows east t

13755_Mem_

nderlinde@go

ELLING RES

o provide e Majuba tria

0. During 20n on the asifier 2 and

l (±120m

(±170m deep

al

om the drillinmation althoug

will be used

nd the nt describes

5 km north-m’s Majuba

Witbankspruito west. The

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older.co.za

ULTS AT

al

12

p);

g gh

d

the

it.

Mike BeesEskom Ma

The topodolerite s

2.1 The climsnowfall

The mea9 km to t

Table 1:from 188Jan

118.4

2.2 The UCGmudston

The Karotwo doleB6 sill lieelsewhe

3.0 The currthe futur

Sha

Intedee

Inteand

Dee

slaar ajuba UCG

ography of thsill. The Maju

Climate mate of the ar

. Precipitatio

an annual prethe northeas

: Mean Mont82 to 2000

Feb M

89.6 7

GeologyG site is undnes and coal

oo sequenceerite sills. Thees about 50 mre it transgre

GROUNDrent groundwre gasifier 2 a

allow – all W

ermediate upep);

ermediate Lod

ep – all WMD

he area is chuba UCG lies

and Rainfrea of investion occurs ma

ecipitation, bst, is 682.5 m

thly Rainfall

Mar Apr

72.2 40.8

y erlain by Karseams.

e is charactee upper sill, tm below the esses the coa

DWATER Mwater monitorare construct

WMS borehole

pper – all WIU

ower – all WI

D boreholes

aracterised bs at an altitud

fall gation is cha

ainly in summ

based on datmm (Golder re

l at Amersfo

r May

8 14.4

roo sediment

rised by dolethe B5, extenGus coal seal and lies ab

MONITORIring network ted to monito

es monitoring

U boreholes

L boreholes

monitoring th

2/41

by rolling stede of approx

aracterised bmer with peak

ta from the Aeport 8349/1

oort Police S

Jun J

7.2 7

ts. These co

erite intrusionnds from appeam (280m bbove the Gu

ING BOREis depicted i

oring the diffe

g the shallow

monitoring t

monitoring t

he guss coa

eep-sided hillximately 1710

by warm sumk rainfall occ

Amersfoort po0342/15/G).

Station (CCW

Jul Aug

7.5 11.4

omprise out o

ns. At Majubproximately 7elow surfaces seam.

EHOLE POin Figure 2. Terent aquifer

w aquifer (±4

the upper con

the bottom co

l seam (±280

s formed by 0 mamsl.

mmers and courring in Dec

olice station (

WR Station

g Sep

4 27.9

of interbedde

a the sequen70m depth toe) at the Maju

OSITIONS The recently r units namel

0m deep);p

ntact with the

ontact of the

0m deep)

11

erosion of th

old winters wcember and

(CCWR Stat

0442660) ba

Oct N

79.1 1

ed sequence

nce has beeo about 170 muba UCG sit

drilled borehly:

e Dolerite sil

dolerite sill (

1613755_Mem_22 February 20

he underlying

with occasionJanuary.

tion 0442660

ased on dat

Nov Dec

103.6 108

of sandston

n intruded bym depth. Thee although

holes around

l (±120m

(±170m deep

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g

al

0),

ta

c

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d

p);

ME

F

Mike Beeslaar skom Majuba UCG

Figure 1: Locality Ma

ap

3/41

11613755_22 Febru

_Mem_006 uary 2013

ME

F


Figure 2: Groundwat

ter monitoring borehhole positions

4/41

11613755_22 Febru

_Mem_006 uary 2013

Mike BeesEskom Ma

4.0 The updconductimodel isdistinct h

4.1 The shapresent aB5 doler

Very lowbetweensurface a

The quaand gene

4.2 The prev

Inte

Inte

4.2.1 The intesill. A hy

4.2.2 The intesill includTransmis

The SRKthe grou

4.3 The coacoal at dmonitoringroundwtrend sinpresent d

SRK (19the undisduring 20propertie

slaar ajuba UCG

GROUNDated hydraulivity (K) values summarisedhydrogeologi

Shallowllow aquifer iabove the lorite sill.

w blow yields n 1.7 x 10-1 toand generall

lity of the groerally confor

Intermedviously define

ermediate up

ermediate low

Intermermediate upp

ydraulic cond

Intermermediate lowding the sugassivity value

K report of 19ndwater zon

Coal seal seam groun

depths betweng boreholes

water zone unnce monitorindue to press

984) suggeststurbed coal012. The ranes. Neverthe

DWATER Clic parametees of the grod in Table 2 ical units wh

w Groundwis found fromwer B5 dole

were encouo 8.6 x 10-3 my follow the t

oundwater inrms to the SA

diate Groued intermedi

pper groundw

wer groundw

ediate uppeper groundw

ductivity of 8x

ediate lowewer groundwaary dolerite zs of the inter

984 suggestsne and 3x10-4

am groundndwater zoneeen ±280 ands range betwnder natural ng started to sure in the sy

ed a hydraul. Golder con

nge of valuesless, the ran

CONCEPTrs from 2012

oundwater coand shown iich are prese

water Unitm surface to arite sill and c

ntered durinm/day. The gtopography.

n the shallowANS 241 Wa

undwater ate groundw

water zone; a

water zone.

er groundwwater zone (+x10-4 m/d was

r groundwater zone (+/zone and thermediate low

s hydraulic c4 - 5.5 m/d fo

dwater zoe constitutesd ±284m belo

ween 40 and conditions. Ithe last avai

ystem since t

lic conductivifirmed the hy

s identified innge of values

5/41

TUAL MOD2 were used onceptual mon Figure 3. Tent at the Ma

an average dcomprises we

g drilling in tgroundwater

w groundwateater Quality G

unit water unit is d

and

water zone+/-70 to +/- 17s calculated

water zone/-180 to +/- 2e geological s

wer groundwa

conductivity oor the running

ne s the fractureow surface. G100 m belowt is noted thailable water lthe beginning

ity of 8x10-4

ydraulic condndicates aniss determined

DEL to update the

odel. The hydThe conceptuajuba UCG s

depth of 70 meathered/frac

his aquifer. Tpiezometric

er unit is chaGuidelines fo

divided into a

70m) constitufor the interm

270m) constisedimentary ater zone ran

of 3x10-3 – 5xg (sugary) do

ed Gus coal sGroundwatew surface witat the deep glevel in Septeg of the year

m/day while ductivity as 1sotropy and h show a very

e Transmissdraulic paramual model disite.

m below surfctured Karoo

The hydrauliclevels vary b

racteristic of r domestic u

a:

utes the top cmediate uppe

tutes bottomunits above

nge from 0.1

x10-4 m/d forolerite.

seam and por levels meash recharge f

groundwater ember 2012 r in 2012.

GCS (2006)10-4 m/day inheterogeneityy low hydrau

11

ivity (T) and meters of thestinguishes b

face. This aqo sediments a

c conductivitbetween 17 a

f recently recuse.

contact of ther groundwa

m contact of ththe coal seato 0.9m2/d.

r the average

otential partinsured in the from overlyinzone show awhere artes

) suggested n 2007 and 1y of the hydrlic conductiv


hydraulic e conceptual between four

quifer is and the uppe

ty ranges and 35 m bel

charged wate

he B5 doleriteater zone.

he B5 doleritam.

e value acros

ngs within thedeep

ng intermediaan increasingian flow is

10-5 m/day in0-5 m/day

raulic vity.

_006013

r

er

low

er

e

te

ss

e

ate g

n

Mike BeesEskom Ma

4.4 A lower gsurface. the hydra

Table 2:Ground

zon

Shallow groundwazone

Intermedupper groundwazone

IntermedLower groundwazone

Gus coalgroundwazone

Lower groundwazone

slaar ajuba UCG

Lower Ggroundwater No informataulic conduc

: Hydraulic Pdwater ne

D

ater Throuarea

iate

ater

Throuarea.compthrou

iate

ater

Throuarea.compthrou

seam ater

Throuarea

ater Throuarea

Groundwatr zone is asstion regardin

ctivity will be

Parameters Distribution

ughout Majuba

ughout Majuba (May be

partmentalized gh dykes)

ughout Majuba (May be

partmentalized gh dykes)

ughout Majuba

ughout Majuba

ter zone umed to be

ng piezometrlow.

of GroundwDepth

0-70m below surface

70 - 120m below surface

180 – 270m below surface

280-284m below surface

284-unknown depth.

6/41

present beloric levels hyd

water ConceHydraulic P

(HydConduc

/TransmisK=1.7 x 10-

8.6 x 10-3 mtest done ducurrent stud

K=8.0 x 10-4

(Slug test dthe current

T=0.1 to 0.9pumping dothe current

K=1.0 X10-4

X10-5 m/day

No informatavailable

ow the Gus cdraulic proper

eptual ModeParameters raulic tivity (K) ssivity (T) 1 m/day –

m/day (Slug uring the dy)

4 m/day

done during study)

9 m2/d (test one during study)

4 m/d to 1.0 y

tion

oal seam at rties is availa

el

Highly weKaroo se

Permeabdepth

Groundwfollows th

High grougenerally

Watercouareas

Fractured

Permeabfracturing

Rechargezone

Fracturedbelow the

Discharg

Fracturedwithin the

Groundwmbgl dur2008

Rechargezone

Discharg

Fracturedbelow the

• Permfractu

• Rechzone

• DischRiver

11

depths belowable but it ca

Properties

eathered/fractuediments

bility generally d

water piezometrihe topography

und between wy constitutes rec

urses and sprin

d dolerite.

bility depends ong

e from overlying

d dolerite and Ke dolerite.

ge to local base

d coal and lithole coal seam

water levels appring 2006-2007

e from overlying

ge to local base

d dolerite and Ke Gus seam

meability depenuring. Likely to bharge from ove. harge to regionr?)


w 284 m beloan be assume

s

red dolerite and

decreases with

ic surface gene

atercourses charge areas

gs are discharg

n the extent of

g groundwater

Karoo sediments

level (Vaal Rive

logical partings

roximately 100 and 40-60 mbg

g groundwater

level (Vaal Rive

Karoo sediments

nds on extentbe very low. erlying groundw

al base level (V

_006013

ow ed

d

rally

ge

s

er?)

l in

er?)

s

t of

water

Vaal

ME

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Figure 3: Updated C

onceptual Hydrogeoological Model

7/41

11613755_22 Febru

_Mem_006 uary 2013

Mike Beeslaar Eskom Majuba

5.0 NU5.1 InThe groundas the volumflow model the coal seastrata on gr

The developsuitable conis available gasifier to thand UCG pr

The objectiv

To repUCG s

To useground

Ch

Th

Th

Th

It is importadata and acassumption

5.2 MThe code sethe WASY Ian interactivdensity-couheat transpoefficiently usdesign remeFEFLOW is

5.3 NThe modelligeological athe groundwmodelled ar

5.3.1 Boundary cthey expresboundary coconditions.

Dirichl

ra UCG

UMERICAntroductiowater flow mme of groundis further utilam to surfaceoundwater in

pment of a mntaminant soa mass tran

he regional groject.

ves of the mo

present, in nusite and surro

e the model tdwater syste

hanges in nat

e coal seam

e groundwat

e potential im

ant to note thccordingly is s. The mode

Modelling elected for coInstitute for Wve groundwapled, thermoort in subsursed to descrediation strat

s used worldw

Numerical ing area wasand structurawater systemrea is approx

Modelling onditions ex

ss the conditionditions resBoundary co

et Type (or c

L GROUNon model has bedwater inflowised to assee as well as nflow rates in

mass transpoource term fosport model

groundwater

odelling inclu

umerical formounding area

to simulate thm, including

tural groundw

m hydrostatic

ter inflow rat

mpact in grou

at the groundpresented as

el will be peri

Code onducting th

Water Resouater modellingo-haline or unrface water reribe the spatitegies and towide as a hig

Model Pros selected baal control. Bom. Most of theximately 32 k

Boundariepress the waons of know

sult in differeonditions in a

constant hea

NDWATER

een constructw that may bess water leveto assess thento the gasifi

ort model usinr the gasifiercan be utilissystem durin

ude:

m, the principas; and

he gasificatio:

water levels;

pressure; an

e into the ga

undwater lev

dwater flow ms a preliminaodically upda

e modelling urces Planning system forncoupled, vaesources wital and tempo

o assist in degh-end groun

operties ased on a cooundaries of te boundarieskm, and the a

es ay the considn water flux,nt solutions h

a groundwate

d) boundary

8/41

R MODELL

ted and updae expected toel drawdowne impact of per.

ng the flow mr which is pre

sed to assessng the opera

ple hydrogeo

on activities a

;

nd

asifier.

vel as result

model has bary model usated once ne

is FEFLOW.ng and Syster three and twariably saturath or without oral distributesigning alterndwater num

nceptual mothe numericas were selectarea is 32,16

dered domain or known vahence the imer flow mode

y conditions o

LING

ated to addreo impact on tn impacts in tpossible goa

model as a besently unavs the possibleational and po

logical flow p

and hence a

of goafing.

een developsing a concepew data beco

. This is a finems Researcwo-dimensioated, transienone or multiion of groundrnatives and

merical mode

odel and alsoal model werted along the69,352 m2.

n interacts wariables, suc

mportance of el can be spe

or:

ess key operthe UCG prothe various afing and sub

ase is subjecailable. Oncee migration oost closure p

processes oc

ssess potent

ed on the baptual model wome availabl

ite element pch, Ltd. Berlinnal, areal annt or steady sple free surfadwater contaeffective molling tool.

combinationre chosen to e watersheds

with its enviroh as piezomstating the c

ecified either

1161322 F

rational quesocess. The gaquifers extebsidence of th

ct to the avae sufficient inof contaminaphases of the

ccurring at th

tial impacts o

asis of spatiawith significale.

package devn, Germany.

nd cross-sectstate flow, maces. FEFLO

aminants, to onitoring sch

n of topograpreflect the g

s. Perimeter

onment. In otetric head. D

correct boundas:

3755_Mem_006February 2013

stions such roundwater nding from he overlying

ilability of a nformation ants from thee gasifier

he Majuba

on the

ally limited ant

veloped by FEFLOW is

tional, fluid mass and OW can be plan and emes.

phical, eometry of of the

her words, Different dary

63

e


Neuma

A mixt

The model dgasifier to m

The boundanumerically boundary co

5.3.2 The hydrogmodel, fieldvariable, anrepresent th

Table 3: MoAquife

Shallow Aquifer

IntermediaAquifer

Coal seam

Lower Aqu

5.3.3 A finite elemelement grid174,512 elenumerical m

ra UCG

an Type (or s

ure of the ab

domain was minimise imp

aries of the nby what is re

ondition).

Model Layeological set data and ge

nd is controllehe different a

odel Layers r Mod

Layer Layer

ate LayerLayerLayer Layer

m Layer

uifer Layer

Finite Elemment networkd was compiements and 9model area.

specified flux

bove.

designed to act from UC

numerical moeferred to as

yers tting is repreeology as dised by the geoaquifers as d

in relation tel Layer

r 1 r 2

TW

r3 r4 r 5 r6

CUSL

r 7 C

r 8 B

ment Mesh k (grid) was dled by FEFL

99,828 nodes

x) boundary c

ensure the eG activities,

odel are shows a “no-flow”

sented by anscussed in thological inforescribed in T

to Geology

Topsoil Weathered d

Contact doleUnweatheredSugary dolerLower Sedim

Coal seam la

Base sedime

designed to pLOW, which fs. Figure 5 il

9/41

conditions; o

edge of the mthus avoidin

wn on Figureboundary co

n eight-layerhe earlier secrmation receTable 3.

Lit

dolerite, Sed

erite, Sedimed, unfracturerite, Sedimen

mentary unit.

ayer

entary unit

provide a higfacilitated thelustrates a th

or

modelling dog boundary e

e 4. These boondition (zero

ed model bactions of the ived from Es

thology Unit

imentary uni

entary unit. ed dolerite unntary unit.

gh resolutione constructiohree-dimens

main is sufficeffects on the

oundaries areo specified flu

sed on the ureport. The tskom UCG. T

t

t

nit.

of the numen of a trianguional view of

1161322 F

ciently distane model resu

re representeux Neuman

updated concthickness of tThe model la

erical solutionular mesh cof the finite ele


nt from the ults.

ed Type II

ceptual the layers is

ayers

n. The finite onsisting of ement

63


Figure 4: Num

ra UCG

merical Modell Boundaries ((Blue dots indi

10/41

icate the drainnage system o

over the mode

1161322 F

elling domain)


63


Figure 5: Thr

5.4 M5.4.1 The steady-activities. Thsubsequent

The model wgeological uunder/overemodel calib

The simulatconductivity

ra UCG

ree dimension

Model CaliSteady-sta-state pre-ophis period wat stages.

was calibrateunits and effeestimated, thration. Table

ted water levy or recharge

nal view of finit

ibration ate pre-opeperational staas modelled

ed using the ective aquifeis can be co

e 4 indicates

vel distributioe values can

te element net

erational caage compriseto provide a

observed bor recharge. Smpensated bthe calibrate

on is comparebe altered u

11/41

twork

alibration es the natura

a baseline an

orehole wateShould the aby the adjusted hydraulic c

ed to the mentil an accep

al groundwatd appropriat

er level, the hverage aquiftment of the conductivitie

easured headptable correla

er flow regime initial cond

hydraulic confer thicknesshydraulic cos specified in

d distribution ation betwee

1161322 F

me prior to Uditions for mo

nductivity of ts therefore beonductivity van the model.

and the hyden measured


CG odelling of

the e alues during

draulic and

63


simulated hhydraulic co

Table 4: HyLayer

Layer 1

Layer 2

Layer 3

Layer 4

Layer 5

Layer 6 Layer 7

Layer 8

5.4.1.1 Evapotransalready ove

5.4.1.2 For the purpreasonable model was

5.4.2 The results calibration tDeviations fshould be ragroundwatethe simulate

Table 5: FinBH ID Ob

WMS1

WMS2 WMS3 WMS4

P1 P2 P3

PZ1 PZ2 PZ4

ra UCG

eads is obtaonductivity (K

ydraulic conr

WeatSedimContaSedimUnwedoler

SugaSedim

LoweCoal Base

Evapotrapiration was

ercome the e

Rechargpose of this mand likely tocalibrated us

Steady Stafrom the ste

the observedfrom the straandomly dister levels (Anded and obser

nal calibratibserved WL (

(mamsl) 1675.3

1677.2 1689.8 1680.8 1621.9 1630.4 1624.9 1606.5 1600.7 1601.0

ained. The caK) and recha

nductivity (KLithology U

Topsoil thered doleritmentary unit act dolorite, mentary unit.eathered,unfite unit.

ry dolerite, mentary unit.

er Sedimentaseam layer sedimentary

anspirationnot specifiedffect of evap

ge modelling stu

o result in simsing all availa

ate Calibrateady-state cad groundwateaight line, whtributed indicderson and Wrved groundw

on measure(2005) Simu

(m1

111111111

alibration prorge within a

K) values spUnit

t

te,

ractured

ary unit.

y unit

n d in the mod

potranspiratio

udy, a constamilar regionalable groundw

tion Resultalibration are er levels are ich is the pe

cating that theWoessner 19water elevati

es for the stulated WLmamsl) (1672.2

1677.1 1679.2 1673.8 1619.2 1619.2 1619.5 1613.5 1621.2 1620.7

12/41

ocess was donarrow rang

pecified in thAverage

hickness (m20

37

3

107

3

100 4.5

120

el. It is assuon losses fro

ant rechargel predictions water levels.

ts summarizedplotted againrfect match bere is no bia

992). A correions.

teady state mME(m)

(WLo-WLs)i3.2

0.1 10.6 7.0 2.7

11.2 5.3 -6.9

-20.4 -19.7

∑=-6.9

one by adjuste compatible

he model

m) K

Kx,Ky=0

Kx,Ky=0

Kx,Ky=0

Kx,Ky=0

Kx,Ky=0

Kx,Ky=0Kx,Ky,K

Kx,Ky,K

med that them the system

e rate approxcompared to

d in Table 5 anst the simulbetween the

as toward oveelation coeffic

model MAE(m)

|(WLo-WLs)3.2

0.1 10.6 7.0 2.7 11.2 5.3 6.9 20.4 19.7

∑=87.2

ting the mode with the hyd

value (m/d)

0.3; Kz=0.01

0.01;Kz=0.00

0.03;Kz=0.01

0.0015;Kz=0

0.01;Kz=0.00

0.0152;Kz=0Kz=0.0001

Kz=0.001

e recharge spm.

imately 5mmo spatially dis

and Figure 6lated water leobserved an

er or under pcient of 96%

)i|RMS(

|(WLm-W10.1

0.0113.48.67.412528.547.9416.388.

∑=118

1161322 F

el parametedrogeologica

)

15

0104

15

0.0003

05

0.001

pecified in th

m per year is stributed rec

6 To show thevels in Figund simulatedpredicting thewas obtaine

(m) WLs)i|2 1

0 .4 6 4 5 5 9 .8 .8

86.4


rs for al situation.

e model has

considered harge. The

e level of ure 7 values,

e ed between

63

s


BH ID Ob

WL=Water MAE=MeanRMS= Root

Table 5 shoSociety for T(1992); Spitwas calculamethods: th(Anderson a(WLs) watewater level overall mod

The root meis generally

Figure 6: Com

ra UCG

bserved WL ((mamsl)

level; ME=Me

n Absolute Ert Mean Squar

ows the RMSTesting and tz and Moren

ated for each he mean erroand Woessnr levels. In kechange acro

del response

ean squared not under o

mparison betw

(2005) Simu(m

ean Error; rror; red Error

S error, whichMaterials (A

no (1996). Th observation

or (ME), the mer 1992). Theeping with s

oss the mode(Anderson a

(RMS) errorr over-predic

ween observed

ulated WLmamsl) (

R

h is a CalibraSTM) guidelhe difference borehole. T

mean absolue ME is the standard prael domain. If tand Woessne

r of the grouncting groundw

d water level v

13/41

ME(m) (WLo-WLs)i

1/n=-0.7

RMS% of wat

ation Error Anines for calib

e between thThe error in thute error (MAmean differe

actice, the RMthe ratio is ser, 1992).

ndwater levewater elevati

vs simulated w

MAE(m)|(WLo-WLs)

1/n=8.7

ter level rang

nalysis calcubration of thee simulated he calibration

AE) and the roence betweenMS error wasmall, the erro

el range is 11ons.

water level

)i|RMS(

|(WLm-W1/n=10

SQRT=10e=11.7

ulated accorde model. (Andand the obsen was expresoot mean sqn measured s evaluated aors are only

.7%, which i

1161322 F

(m) WLs)i|2 07.9 0.4

ding to the Aderson and Werved hydraussed by threequared (RMS

(WLo) and sas a ratio to a small part

indicates tha


merican Woessner ulic head e common

S) error simulated the total of the

at the model

63


Figure 7: Cor

Figure 8 shotowards the

ra UCG

rrelation betwe

ows the steae drainage ar

een observed

ady state watreas and tow

water level vs

ter level contwards the nor

14/41

s simulated wa

tours from thrthwest of the

ater level (R2=

he model oute UCG trial m

=0.96)

put. Generalmining area.

1161322 F

l groundwate


er flow is

63


Figure 8: Ste

5.5 O5.5.1 A transient model baseoperational

ra UCG

eady state wat

OperationaIntroductiocalibration h

ed on the watphase.

ter level conto

al Phase Ton as been undter levels me

urs

Transient C

dertaken usineasured in bo

15/41

Calibratio

ng the pre-moth shallow b

on

ining steady boreholes an

state calibrad deep bore

1161322 F

ated groundweholes during


water flow g their

63


5.5.2 The mine pl

Curren

In 2014produc

According to

The model h9.

Gasificationmodel. Eachcompleted.

The determmine develo

Table 6: UC

From the UCwas calcula10 indicated

Panel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

ra UCG

Mine plan lan informati

ntly mining o

4 the miningction for 6 ye

o this very b

has been co

n panels of 22h panel’s wo

ination of groopment will p

CG Mine Pla

CG water proated from thed the average

Starting(day

01224364860728496

108120132144156168180192204216228240252264

on provided

n the wester

will continueears.

road mine pl

nstructed to

20m by 100morking progre

oundwater inprobably be d

an specified

oduction date average wae water prod

g time ys)

E

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

80 00 20 40 60 80 00 20 40 60 80 00 20 40

by Eskom (S

n side of gas

e to the rema

an it is assu

simulate min

m were definession is 120

nflow into thedifferent from

in the Mode

a provided bater productioduction receiv

Ending time (days)

120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960

1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280 2400 2520 2640 2760

16/41

September, 2

sifier 1 (P1-P

ainder of gas

med that gas

ne progress

ned to assign days (4 mon

e workings mm the mining

el

by Eskom, anon from P5 aved from Ma

Panel

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

2010) is sum

P30).

sifier 1 and g

sifier 1 and g

as described

n the operationths) and by

may thereforeassumptions

n estimated wand P6, from ajuba UCG.

Startin(da27283031323334363738394042434445464849505154

mmarised as f

asifier 2. Thi

gasifier 2 will

d in Table 4a

onal boundar2020 gasifie

e be conservas incorporate

water producJanuary 200

ng time ays) 760 880 000 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 080 200 320 440 560 680 800 920 040 160 400

1161322 F

follows:

is gas field w

be complete

and illustrated

ry conditionser 1 and 2 wi

ative; since ted into the m

ction of 16 to09 to July 20

Ending time

2880300031203240336034803600372038403960408042004320444045604680480049205040516052805400


will be in

ed by 2020.

d in Figure

s in the ll be

the actual model.

ns/day that 10. Figure

e (days)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

63


Figure 9: Illus

Figure 10: Av

5.5.3 The calibratobservationwas conducobtained fro

ra UCG

stration of min

verage water p

Transient Ction process

nal data whilected for the som monitorin

ne plan used in

production fro

Calibrationconsists of o

e adjusting thsteady-state g.

n the model

m P5+P6 (Esk

n obtaining a mhe aquifer papre-operatio

17/41

kom).

match betweearameters in nal model us

en the simulathe model w

sing the grou

ated model rwithin a realisundwater leve

1161322 F

results and stic range. Cael measurem


alibration ments

63


The transienPZ2 and PZof the mininindicate sim

5.6 ImImpacts on and gradienusing the as

5.6.1 Scenario 1 wduring the sscenario, w

5.6.1.1 No further doutlined mingasifier 1 an

The gasifierspecifying cthe constanschedule.

5.6.2 Groundwatethe modelleafter 2640 d

Figure 11: Sc

5.6.3 Figure 12 re13 represenperiod. Figu

ra UCG

nt model wasZ4 during theng from the smilar water lev

mpacts onthe groundw

nts, drawdowssumed gasi

Operationawas run usin

steady and trhereas the B

Modellindetailed gasifne plans indind gasifier 2

r mine plan foconstant heant head cells

Simulated er inflow intoed total inflowdays (7.5 yea

cenario 1: Sim

Impact on epresents thents the shalloure 14 and F

s calibrated e beginning otart to 2010. vels to the o

n the grouwater flow regwn and inflow

fication plan

al Phase Sng the calibraransient stateB5 dolerite si

ng Methodofier mine placated the opas discusse

or each timed cells at thein the model

Inflow intoo the UCG mw during the oars) while the

mulated water

groundwae shallow aqow aquifer waigure 15 sho

by using the of gasifier wo

The results bserved one

undwater fgime include

w rates to the described e

cenario 1: ated steady se calibration.ll acts as a b

ology for thns are availa

perational phad in previous

e period and e bottom elevl were theref

o UCG mineine workingsoperation phe average wa

inflow into UC

ter level inuifer water leater level con

ow the coal se

18/41

recorded waorking panel obtained fro

es.

flow regime changes in e gasifier. Theearlier.

No Goafinstate water le. The updatebarrier.

he Calculatable to descrase was sims section.

panel has bevation of the fore specified

e during ths depends onhase of the Uater inflow in

CG mine

n mining arevel contoursntours after 5eam water le

ater level me(panel 1-panm the transie

me the natural ge impacts on

g or Subsievels with theed conceptua

tion of Infloribe how min

mulated for a

een incorporgus coal sea

d exactly acc

he operation the mining

UCG. The manto UCG mine

rea over thes after 26405400 days (1evel contours

easurements nel4). This inent state cali

groundwater n the groundw

dence e hydraulic pal model was

ow Rates ining will progrperiod of 540

ated into theam (layer 7).cording to the

on phase (5panel progre

aximum inflowe is 211m3/d

e 15 year mdays (7.5 ye

15 years) at ts after 2700

1161322 F

s obtained frodicates the pibration simu

levels (hydrawater were s

parameters ds used as ba

nto the UCress. As note00 days (15

e flow model . The floor ele mine worki

5400days) ess. Figure 1w of 252m3/d

d over the mi

mining periears) of mininthe end of mand 5400 da


om PZ1, progression ulations

aulic heads) simulated

determined ases for this

CG Mine ed earlier years) for

by evations of ng

1 shows d occurs ning period.

od ng. Figure

mining ays. Figure

63


16 shown athe mining p

The followin

No imp

After 2southe

After 5the sou

Figure 12: W

ra UCG

section fromperiod.

ng can be co

pact on the s

2700days, theeast of the UC

5400 days, thuthwest from

Water level con

m west to eas

oncluded from

shallow aquif

e maximum CG mine wo

he maximumm the UCG m

ntour map of sh

st through th

m Figure 12 t

fer water leve

distance of torkings within

distance of mine workings

hallow aquifer

19/41

e mining are

to Figure 16

els is seen a

the 1m drawdn the coal sea

the 1m draws within the c

r after 2700da

ea and indica

below:

s a result of

down cone isam aquifer.

wdown cone hcoal seam aq

ays of mining:

ates the chan

the UCG min

s seen a dist

has is seen aquifer.

Scenario 1

1161322 F

nge in water

ning

tance of 1423

a distance of


level over

3m to the

f 1317m to

63


Figure 13: Sh

ra UCG

hallow grounddwater contour

rs after 5400 d

20/41

days of miningg: Scenario 1

1161322 F


63


Figure 14: Co

ra UCG

oal seam piezzometric heads

s after 2700 d

21/41

days mining: SScenario 1

1161322 F


63


Figure 15: Co

ra UCG

oal seam Piezzometric head contours afte

22/41

er 5400 days: SScenario 1

1161322 F


63

Mike Eskom

Figur

Beeslaar m Majuba UCG

re 16: Change in waater level during UCCG mining Scenario 1

23/41

11613755_Me22 February

em_006 y 2013


5.6.4 5.6.4.1 Scenario 2 vertical hydthe mining aearlier, no fuscenario 2 fsimulated fo

5.6.5 Figure 17 shdays (7.5 ye

Figure 17: Si

1.1.1 The dewatefollowing wa

The followin

More toccurs

After 2200 m

After 5approx

Figure 20 shthe mining p

ra UCG

OperationaModellin

represents thraulic conduarea was incurther detailefollowed the or a period o

Simulated hows the simears) while th

imulated groun

Impact onering cone exater level imp

ng was concl

than 50 m drs.

2700days, thefrom the UC

5400 days, thximately 700

hows the waprogress with

al Phase Sng Methodohe case if goctivity values

crease by oneed gasifier msame panel f 5400 days

Inflow intomulated inflowhe average w

ndwater inflow

n groundwxpands as thpacts during

luded from th

awdown in s

e maximum CG mine wor

he maximumm to the sou

ater level chahin the coal s

cenario 2: ology for thoafing and sus were assige order of ma

mine plans areworking plan(15 years) fo

o UCG minew into the UCwater inflow i

w into the UCG

water levele coal seamthe operatio

he modelling

shallow aquif

distance of tkings in the s

distance of uth from the

ange in the crseam.

24/41

Goafing anhe Calculatubsidence ocned to the magnitude thare available ton discussed or gasifier 1 a

e during thCG mine. Thinto UCG mi

G Mine for Sce

l in mining layer develo

onal phase as

g:

fer is simulat

the 1m drawdshallow aqui

the 1m drawUCG mine w

ross section

nd Subsidetion of Infloccur after min

model. The veat representso describe hpreviously. Tand gasifer 2

he operatioe maximum ne is 268m3/

enario 2

g area oveopment (mins shown in F

ed directly a

down cone isifer.

wdown cone hworkings in th

of mining ar

ence ow Rates inning. For thiertical hydraua “worst-casow mining w

The operation2 as discusse

on phase (5inflow of 423/d.

er the 15 ying). The sim

Figure 18 and

bove the gas

s seen a dist

has is seen ahe shallow a

ea, the wate

1161322 F

nto the UCs scenario hulic conductivse scenario”.

will progress anal phase waed in previou

5400days) 3m3/d occurs

year Mininmulations shod Figure 19.

sifier if subsi

tance of app

a distance ofquifer.

er level chang


CG Mine igher vity above . As noted and thus as us section.

s after 2700

g Periodow the

dence

roximately

f

ges followed

63


Figure 18: Sh

ra UCG


rs after 5400 d

25/41

days of miningg: Scenario 2

1161322 F


63


Figure 19: Co

ra UCG

oal seam aquiifer water leveel contours afte

26/41

er 5400 days: Scenario 2

1161322 F


63

Mike Eskom

Figur


re 20: West east Se

ection indicating the Water level drawdoowns during the ope

27/41

erational time for Sccenario 2


em_006 y 2013


5.6.6 5.6.6.1 The long terand 2. This void. In ordemodel:

The hyat 8.64the min

The spcomprTransp

The wa

ra UCG

Long-termRecover

rm impact onwas simulater to represe

ydraulic cond4m/d in all UCned out area

pecific storagessibility valuport Modellin

ater level rec

m closure Sry of Undern water leveled by increa

ent the void c

ductivity in laCG mining pa.

ge coefficientue of 0.22 to

ng" by Spitz &

covers to the

cenario 1rground Mis was simula

asing the hydcreated by m

yer 7 (guss canels in the

t was alteredo represent th& Moreno, 19

e pre-UCG le

28/41

ine Water Lated for 20 ydraulic condumining the foll

coal seam) amodel. This

d in UCG minhe void (“A P996).

evels within 2

Level ears after the

uctivity and sowing adapt

across the unresults in a r

ning panels iPractical Guid

20 years.

e completionpecific storagtations were

nderground mrealistic horiz

n the model de to Ground

1161322 F

n of mining oge of the coaintroduced in

mine area wazontal water

to reflect a sdwater and S


f gasifier 1 al seam nto the

as specified level across

storage Solute

63

s

Mike Eskom

Figur


re 21: Recovery of w

water levels after mine closure Scenarrio 1

29/41


em_006 y 2013


Figure 22: Sh

ra UCG


rs after closure

30/41

e (20 years): sscenario 1

1161322 F


63


Figure 23: Co

ra UCG

oal seam aquiifer water leve

els recovery af

31/41

fter 20 years aafter closure

1161322 F


63


5.6.7 5.6.7.1 The long terIn order to asimulations

In order to r

The hymining

The spcomprTransp

Since sthe boindicat

ra UCG

Long-termRecover

rm impact onaccurately pr:

represent the

ydraulic condg panels in th

pecific storagessibility valuport Modellin

scenario 2 preholes showted the produ

m closure Sry of Undern water levelredict the wa

e void create

ductivity acrohe model. Th

ge coefficientue of 0.22 to

ng" by Spitz &

present the “cw recovery wuction boreho

cenario 2rground Mis was simula

ater level, the

ed by mining

oss the undeis results in a

t was alteredo represent th& Moreno, 19

crack-situatiowithin 18-20 yole recovere

32/41

ine Water Lated for 20 ye following co

the following

rground minea realistic ho

d in UCG minhe void (“A P996).

on” through tyears, howevd water leve

Level ears after theonditions wer

g adaptations

e area was sorizontal wate

ning panels iPractical Guid

he UCG minver, comparel is faster tha

e operationare taken into

s were introd

specified at 8er level acros

n the model de to Ground

ing process,e to scenarioan in scenari

1161322 F

al phase for so the conside

duced into th

8.64m/d in alss the mined

to reflect a sdwater and S

, observed wo1, this situatio 1.


scenario 2. eration in the

e model:

l UCG d out area.

storage Solute

water level of tion

63

Mike Eskom

Figur


re 24: Waterlevel re

ecovery over time foor scenario 2

33/41


em_006 y 2013


Figure 25: Sh

ra UCG

hallow water leevel recovery

after 20 years

34

s: Scenario 2

1161322 F


63


Figure 26: Co

6.0 GR6.1 ImThe significapproach de

ra UCG

oal seam wate

ROUNDWAmpact assance of the iescribed. Ta

er level recove

ATER IMPsessment mpacts iden

able 7 provide

ery after 20 ye

PACT ASSmethodoltified during es the metho

35

ears: Scenario

SESSMENTlogy the impact a

od for definin

o 2

T

assessment png intensity, g

phase was dgeographic e

1161322 F

determined uextent and du


sing the uration.

63


Table 7: ImCRITERIA

EXTENT

DURATIO

INTENSIT

PROBABIOF OCCURAN

Low impa(4 - 6 poin

Medium im(7 - 9 poinHigh impa(10 - 12 po

Very high (13 - 16 po

6.2 P

Table 8 sets

ra UCG

mpact assessA DESC

NatioThe wAfrica

N PermMitigaman oproceoccuror in sspan can btransi

TY Very Natursociaprocealterethat thperma

ILTY

NCE

DefinImpacoccur

act nts)

mpact nts) act oints)

impact oints)

Potential G

s out the pot

sment criterCRIPTION

onal (4) whole of Soua

manent (4) ation either bor natural ess will not r in such a wsuch a time that the imp

be consideredient

High (4) ral, cultural al functions a

esses are ed to extent hey anently ceas

nite (4) ct will certainr

A low impfeasible aoperatingMitigation

The desineeded dimpact mPermaneIntensiveAny activ

Groundwa

ential ground

ria

th RegionProvincof neigprovinc

by

ay

act d

Long-tThe imcontinuthe entoperatithe devbut willby direaction oprocesthereafclass owhich wtransito

and nd

se

High (3Naturasocial fprocesalteredthey tecease

nly HighlyMost likimpact

pact has no and are readg procedure.n is possible

gn of the siteduring the co

may affect theent and impoe remediationvity which res

ter Impac

dwater impac

36

nal (3) cial and partshbouring

ces term (3)

mpact will ue or last for tire ional life of velopment, l be mitigated

ect human or by natura

sses fter. The only

of impact will be non-ory 3)

al, cultural anfunctions and

sses are d to extent thamporarily

y Probable (3kely that the will occur

permanent imdily instituted with addition

e may be affeonstruction ae broader enortant impactsn is needed dsults in a “ve

ts

cts during co

s Local (2Within akm of thconstruc

d

l

y

MediumThe impfor the pconstrucwhere aentirely

d d

at

ModeraAffectedenvironmaltered, cultural functionprocessalbeit inway

3) PossiblThe impoccur

mpact of sign as part of a

nal design an

ected. Mitigand/or operatvironment. s. The desigduring constr

ery high impa

onstruction, o

2) a radius of 2 he ction site

m-term (2) pact will last period of the ction phase, after it will benegated

ate (2) d ment is but natural, and social

ns and ses continue a modified

le (2) pact may

nificance. Mistanding des

nd construct

ation and posional phases

n of the site ruction and/o

act” is likely to

operation and

1161322 F

Site (1) Within thconstruc

e

Short-teThe impaeither dismitigatiomitigatednatural pspan shothe consphase

Low (1) Impact aenvironma way thacultural afunctionsprocesseaffected

ImprobaLikelihooimpact mis very lo

itigation measign, constru

tion inputs.

ssible remeds. The effects

may be affecor operationao be a fatal f

d at closure.


he tion site

rm (1) act will sappear withn or will be d through process in a orter than truction

ffects the ment in such at natural, and social s and es are not

able (1) od of the materialising ow

asures are uction or

iation are s of the

cted. al phases. flaw.

63


Table 8: Im

ASP

Shallow grocontaminati

Impact on sgroundwate



Impact on thwater level

Impact on thwater qualit

a UCG

mpact assess

PECT

oundwater on

shallow er level

shallow er quality

shallow er quality

he coal seam

he coal seam ty

sment durin

Spillagchemic

Constrworkshlikely ssource

Lack oto the c

Lowering ofarmers bo

Contaminaquality

Failure of p

The gasificgroundwatwater level

The gasificquality of th

ng construct

POTENTIA

ge of fuels, lubcals; ruction equipmhop and wash source of pollue. f provision of conducting of

of the shallow oreholes;

ation of the sha

production bor

cation processer and an impl is expected.

cation processhe coal seam

tion, operat

AL IMPACT

bricants and ot

ment, vehicles,bay areas wil

ution as a non-

ablutions that ‘informal ablu

groundwater

allow groundw

rehole casings

s consumes pact on the coa

s may impact ogroundwater.

ion and at c

ther

, ll be a -point

may lead utions

level in

water

s

al seam

on the

closure

EXTENT

1

1

1

1

2

2

DURATION

2

3

3

3

3

3

N INTENS

2

3

3

3

1

1

37/41

SITY PRO

Constructio

Operationa

OBABILITY

on Phase

2

al Phase

1

1

2

3

2

IMPACT

7 medium

8 medium

8 medium

9 medium

9 medium

8 medium

It is expecinclude:

Che

Clea

Ade

Grou

The signif

It is expecthe probabhydrogeolgroundwastability ofsubsidencway to ensThe signif

It is expecthe probabhydrogeolgroundwathe stabilitsubsidencway to ens

The signif

It is expecmeasuresmonitoringmonitoring

It is expecseam grouapproximaNo mitigatlevels sho

It is expecseam groumay includ

cted that witho

emicals to be san-up of spills equate ablutionundwater mon

ficance of the

cted that withobility of this imlogy the B5 do

ater levels is ef the rocks aboce will occur. Tsure that goafficance of the

cted that withobility of this imlogy the B5 do

ater quality is ety of the rocksce will occur. Tsure that goaf

ficance of the

cted that withos include ensug is important g is critical in i

cted that withoundwater is noately 1,5km wtion measures

ould recover in

cted that withoundwater is node flushing of

out mitigation a

stored in bundas soon as th

ns for construcnitoring to con

impact after m

out mitigation ampact occurrinolerite sill actsxpected. The ove the roof oThe major mitifing and subsiimpact after m

out mitigation ampact occurrinolerite sill actsexpected. Thes above the roThe major mitifing and subsi

impact after m

out mitigation aring casing anto identify potdentifying pot

out mitigation aot used and isithin the coal ss are recommen the gasifier w

out mitigation aot used and isthe gasifier an

NOT

a medium ne

ded areas; hey occur; ction employefirm any impa

mitigation is lik

a medium neg is very low.

s as a hydrauliimportant asp

of the gasifier/cigation measuidence do not mitigation is lik

a medium neg is very low.

s as a hydraulie important asoof of the gasifigation measuidence do not

mitigation is lik

a medium nend grouting sptential impactstential casing f

a medium nes not fit for conseam water. ended. Accorwithin 20 years

a medium nes not fit for connd/or treatme

ES

gative impact

es. cts

kely to decreas

gative impact According to c barrier and n

pect that will decavity that will ure is to develo

occur. kely to decreas

gative impact According to c barrier and npect that will dfier/cavity that ure is to develo

occur.

kely to decreas

gative impact pecifications ars. Operation pfailures.

gative impact nsumption. A 1

rding to the nus after product

gative impact nsumption. Mitnt of the gasifi

can be expec

se to a low ne

can be expec the current unno impact on etermine the p determine if gop the gasifier

se to a low ne

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AL IMPACT

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The irrigatManagemthe resour If irrigation11613755 As a safetdown-timeirrigation porganic cowill pass t

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n is done acco5/11857/2, the

ty precaution, e of the water purposes, the ompounds witthrough a micr

mitigation meas

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city will be conaged that for thudge filtrationon. The resultiit will be made

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peline joints arrehabilitated a

gative impact nsumption. rding to the nus after product

gative impact nsumption. Mitnt of the gasifi

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11613755_22 Febru

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UMMARY cal modelling

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EFERENCa Undergro8209-1.

geological S-9599-1.

geological Se

r Technical M

1984) “Majubical Report.”

son, M. P. an

K. and More

ASSOCIATES

san rogeologist

l 55 - eskom hydrogeo

OF POTEg concluded

sidence occu

erite sill stays

bsidence:

s, the maxim23m to the so

ys, the maxim317m to the

inflow of 25211m3/d over

dence occur

m drawdown

s, the maxime UCG mine

ys, the maxim700 m to the

inflow of 42368m3/d.

CE ound Coal

ervices – Mo

ervices for M

Memo 11613

ba Coal MineSteffen, Rob

nd Woessne

eno, J., (1996

S AFRICA P

ological services\2_co

NTIAL IMPthe following

ur more than

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2m3/d occursr the mining p

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mum distancee south from

3m3/d occurs

Gasification

onitoring Re

Majuba UCG:

3755_Memo_

e – Hydrogeobertson and

r, W. W. (199

6), A Practica

PTY LTD.

orrespondence\mem

39/41

PACTS g potential gr

50 m impac

limited impa

e of the 1m dthe UCG min

e of the 1m drom the UCG

s after 2640 dperiod.

aquifer is sim

e of the 1m dthe shallow a

e of the 1m dthe UCG mi

s after 2700 d

n: February

eport for Maju

: October 20

_004_Testpu

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92). , Applied

al Guide to G

mo\11613755_mem_0

roundwater i

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uba UCG: S

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arch 2009

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water is expe

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Report num

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089-2.

– Part 2 of 4: August 1984

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Documents

APPENDIX H: HYDROGEOLOGY REPORT - Royal HaskoningDHVrhdhv.co.za/media/UCG Majuba/App H - Hydrogeology.pdf · 2014-07-15 · 1.0 Golder A hydrogeo site in so Golder h additiona identified