Appendix E: Common Configuration Options 276ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/.../sams/book_reg/0672328631/MySQL_in_10_Bonu… · APPENDIX C SQL Syntax Reference This appendix is intended to

Sams Teach Yourself MySQLin 10 Minutesby Chris Newman ISBN: 0-672-32863-1Copyright © 2006 by Sams Publishing

www.samspublishing.com

Appendix C:SQL Syntax Reference 259

Appendix D:MySQL Data Type Reference 270

Appendix E:Common Configuration Options 276

Appendix F:MySQL Reserved Words 279

BONUS CONTENT

0672328631_Bonus_Overview.qxd 5/1/06 3:20 PM Page 1



Appendix C:SQL Syntax Reference

BONUS CONTENT

Database-Manipulation Statements 260

Data-Definition Statements 262

References 269

Web02_0672328631_1_C.qxd 5/1/06 3:24 PM Page 1

APPENDIX CSQL SyntaxReference

This appendix is intended to act as a quick reference so that you can findthe syntax for a particular SQL statement when you need it.

The statements are listed in two sections:

• Database-manipulation statements—Commands that deal withdata manipulation and retrieval

• Database-definition statements—Commands that are used tomanage databases objects

Lesson References The descriptions given in thisappendix are brief, so check back to the correspond-ing lessons for more information if you need it.

When reading the syntax definitions in this appendix, remember the fol-lowing conventions:

• The | symbol separates different options. For instance,NULL|NOT NULL means that you should use either NULL orNOT NULL.

• Square brackets are used to indicate components of the state-ment that are optional.

Web02_0672328631_appC.qxd 4/10/06 9:58 AM Page 259

260 Appendix C

Database-Manipulation StatementsThese statements deal with data manipulation and retrieval.

The SELECT statement is introduced in Lesson 3, “Retrieving Data,” andits use is covered in subsequent chapters.

Refer to Lesson 15, “Working with Data,” for more information on theother database-manipulation statements.

DELETEDELETE deletes one or more rows from a table.

DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name[WHERE where_definition][ORDER BY ...][LIMIT row_count]

INSERTINSERT is used to add a row to a table.

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE][INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]VALUES ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]

The following is an alternative syntax:

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE][INTO] tbl_nameSET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]

INSERT ... SELECTINSERT ... SELECT can be used to add many rows to a table from theresult of a query.

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE][INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]SELECT ...[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]


261SQL Syntax Reference

LOAD DATA INFILELOAD DATA INFILE reads rows from a text file and inserts them into adatabase table.

LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE➥‘file_name.txt’

[REPLACE | IGNORE]INTO TABLE tbl_name[FIELDS

[TERMINATED BY ‘string’][[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY ‘char’][ESCAPED BY ‘char’ ]

][LINES

[STARTING BY ‘string’][TERMINATED BY ‘string’]

][IGNORE number LINES][(col_name,...)]

REPLACEREPLACE works like INSERT, except that where a row already exists in thetable with the same value in a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE column as thevalue being inserted, it will be deleted first.

REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED][INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]VALUES ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...

The following is an alternative syntax:

REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED][INTO] tbl_nameSET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...

REPLACE ... SELECTREPLACE ... SELECT works just like INSERT ... SELECT, with thesame rule for deleting records if a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE column valueis the same as the row being inserted.

REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED][INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]SELECT ...


262 Appendix C

SELECTSELECT is used to retrieve data from one or more database tables.

SELECT[ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]

[HIGH_PRIORITY][STRAIGHT_JOIN][SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT][SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]

select_expr, ...[INTO OUTFILE ‘file_name’ export_options

| INTO DUMPFILE ‘file_name’][FROM table_references[WHERE where_definition][GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}

[ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]][HAVING where_definition][ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}

[ASC | DESC] , ...][LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}][PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)][FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]

TRUNCATETRUNCATE empties a table. The behavior is the same as DELETE with noWHERE clause, but TRUNCATE often works faster.

TRUNCATE [TABLE] tbl_name

UPDATEUPDATE updates one or more rows in a table.

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] tbl_nameSET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ...][WHERE where_definition][ORDER BY ...][LIMIT row_count]

Data-Definition StatementsThis section deals with commands that are used to manage the structureof a database.



Refer to Lesson 14, “Creating and Modifying Tables,” for more informa-tion about working with database tables. Lesson 17, “Keys and Indexes,”deals with indexes, and Lessons 19, “Views,” to 21, “Triggers,” coverviews, procedures, and triggers, respectively.

ALTER DATABASEALTER DATABASE is used to change overall properties of a database.

ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name]alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

These properties can be used in alter_specification:

[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name| [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name

ALTER PROCEDURE and ALTER FUNCTIONALTER PROCEDURE and ALTER FUNCTION are used to modify an existingstored routine.

ALTER {PROCEDURE | FUNCTION} sp_name [characteristic ...]

characteristic:{ CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL

➥DATA }| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }| COMMENT ‘string’

ALTER TABLEALTER TABLE is used to modify the structure of an existing table.

ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE tbl_namealter_specification [, alter_specification] ...

alter_specification:ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]

| ADD [COLUMN] (column_definition,...)| ADD INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]

PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]


264 Appendix C

UNIQUE [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)| ADD [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)| ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]]

FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...)[reference_definition]

| ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP➥DEFAULT}

| CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition[FIRST|AFTER col_name]

| MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]| DROP [COLUMN] col_name| DROP PRIMARY KEY| DROP INDEX index_name| DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol| DISABLE KEYS| ENABLE KEYS| RENAME [TO] new_tbl_name| ORDER BY col_name| CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE

➥collation_name]| [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE

➥collation_name]| DISCARD TABLESPACE| IMPORT TABLESPACE| table_options

ALTER VIEWALTER VIEW is used to modify the definition of an existing view.

ALTER[ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}][DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }][SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }]VIEW view_name [(column_list)]AS select_statement[WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]

CREATE DATABASECREATE DATABASE creates a new database with a given name. You musthave sufficient permissions to create a new database.

CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name[create_specification [, create_specification] ...]



create_specification:[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name

| [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name

CREATE INDEXCREATE INDEX adds an index to an existing table. It is equivalent to theALTER TABLE ... ADD INDEX statement.

CREATE [UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] INDEX index_name[USING index_type]ON tbl_name (index_col_name,...)

index_col_name:col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTIONCREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION create routines that are storedat the database level. You must have the CREATE ROUTINE privilege to usethem.

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])[characteristic ...] routine_body

CREATE FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])RETURNS type[characteristic ...] routine_body

proc_parameter:[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type

func_parameter:param_name type

type:Any valid MySQL data type

characteristic:LANGUAGE SQL

| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL

➥DATA }| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }


266 Appendix C

| COMMENT ‘string’

routine_body:Valid SQL procedure statement or statements

CREATE TABLECREATE TABLE creates a new database table.

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name[(create_definition,...)][table_options] [select_statement]

create_definition:column_definition

| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type]➥(index_col_name,...)

| KEY [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)| INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX]

[index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)| [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [INDEX] [index_name]

(index_col_name,...)| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY

[index_name] (index_col_name,...)➥[reference_definition]

| CHECK (expr)

column_definition:col_name type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]

[AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY][COMMENT ‘string’] [reference_definition]

type:TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

| SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| DECIMAL(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]| NUMERIC(length,decimals) [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]



| DATE| TIME| TIMESTAMP| DATETIME| CHAR(length) [BINARY | ASCII | UNICODE]| VARCHAR(length) [BINARY]| TINYBLOB| BLOB| MEDIUMBLOB| LONGBLOB| TINYTEXT [BINARY]| TEXT [BINARY]| MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]| LONGTEXT [BINARY]| ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)| SET(value1,value2,value3,...)| spatial_type

index_col_name:col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

reference_definition:REFERENCES tbl_name [(index_col_name,...)]

[MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE][ON DELETE reference_option][ON UPDATE reference_option]

reference_option:RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION

table_options: table_option [table_option] ...

table_option:{ENGINE|TYPE} = engine_name

| AUTO_INCREMENT = value| AVG_ROW_LENGTH = value| [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE

➥collation_name]| CHECKSUM = {0 | 1}| COMMENT = ‘string’| CONNECTION = ‘connect_string’| MAX_ROWS = value| MIN_ROWS = value| PACK_KEYS = {0 | 1 | DEFAULT}| PASSWORD = ‘string’| DELAY_KEY_WRITE = {0 | 1}


268 Appendix C

| ROW_FORMAT =➥{DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}

| UNION = (tbl_name[,tbl_name]...)| INSERT_METHOD = { NO | FIRST | LAST }| DATA DIRECTORY = ‘absolute path to directory’| INDEX DIRECTORY = ‘absolute path to directory’

select_statement:[IGNORE | REPLACE] [AS] SELECT ... (Some legal select

statement)

CREATE TRIGGERCREATE TRIGGER creates a new database-level trigger.

CREATE[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]TRIGGER trigger_name trigger_time trigger_eventON tbl_name FOR EACH ROW trigger_stmt

CREATE VIEWCREATE VIEW creates a new view based on the SQL SELECT statementgiven.

CREATE[OR REPLACE][ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}][DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }][SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }]VIEW view_name [(column_list)]AS select_statement[WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]

DROP DATABASEDROP DATABASE drops all tables from a database and then deletes thedatabase.

DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name

DROP INDEXDROP INDEX drops a named index from the specified table.

DROP INDEX index_name ON tbl_name



DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTIONDROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION are used to remove stored rou-tines from the database.

DROP {PROCEDURE | FUNCTION} [IF EXISTS] sp_name

DROP TABLEDROP TABLE removes one or more tables from a database.

DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS]tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...[RESTRICT | CASCADE]

DROP TRIGGERDROP TRIGGER causes a database-level trigger to be dropped.

DROP TRIGGER [schema_name.]trigger_name

DROP VIEWDROP VIEW removes one or more views from a database.

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS]view_name [, view_name] ...[RESTRICT | CASCADE]

RENAME TABLERENAME TABLE renames one or more tables.

RENAME TABLE tbl_name TO new_tbl_name[, tbl_name2 TO new_tbl_name2] ...

ReferencesThe complete SQL syntax for MySQL can be found online athttp://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/sql-syntax.html.




Appendix D:MySQL Data TypeReference

BONUS CONTENT

Numeric Types 270

Date and Time Types 272

String Types 273

References 275

Web02_0672328631_2_D.qxd 5/1/06 3:19 PM Page 1

APPENDIX DMySQL DataType Reference

Every column in a MySQL database has a predefined data type, whichenforces certain rules on the values that can be stored.

This appendix lists the different data types available to MySQL.

Numeric TypesThese data types are used to store numeric values in the database.

Unsigned Numbers Using the UNSIGNED attribute witha numeric data type increases the range of values thatcan be stored but prevents the column from storingnegative numbers.

BITThis is a bit-type field containing M bits. The default is 1 if M is not given.

BIT[(M)]

TINYINTThis is a very small integer in the range –128 to 127. Unsigned its rangeis 0 to 255. Requires 1 byte of storage.

TINYINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

Web03_0672328631_appD.qxd 4/10/06 9:58 AM Page 270

SMALLINTThis is a small integer in the range –32768 to 32767. Unsigned its rangeis 0 to 65535. It requires 2 bytes of storage.

SMALLINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

MEDIUMINTThis is a medium-size integer in the range –8388608 to 8388607.Unsigned its range is 0 to 16777215. It requires 3 bytes of storage.

MEDIUMINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

INTEGER or INTThis is a normal-size integer in the range -2147483648 to 2147483647.Unsigned its range is 0 to 4294967295. It requires 4 bytes of storage.

INT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]INTEGER[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

BIGINTThis is a large integer in the range -9223372036854775808 to9223372036854775807. Unsigned its range is 0 to18446744073709551615. It requires 8 bytes of storage.

BIGINT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

FLOATThis is a single-precision floating-point number. The theoretical range ofallowed values is -3.402823466E+38 to -1.175494351E-38, 0, and1.175494351E-38 to 3.402823466E+38.

FLOAT[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]


272 Appendix D

Single Precision Because MySQL performs calcula-tions using double-precision arithmetic, you shouldusually use DOUBLE instead of FLOAT.

DOUBLE or DOUBLE PRECISIONThis is a double-precision floating point number. The theoretical range ofallowed values is 1.7976931348623157E+308 to -2.2250738585072014E-308, 0, and 2.2250738585072014E-308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308.

DOUBLE[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]DOUBLE PRECISION[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

DECIMALThis is an exact, fixed-point number. M is the total number of digits, up toa maximum of 65, and D is the number of digits after the decimal point,up to 30.

DECIMAL[(M[,D])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

Date and Time TypesThese data types are used to store date and time values in the database.

Date and Time Values MySQL does not validate thevalue of a date or time value, other than checkingthat it is in the correct format. No check is performedto see whether a date actually exists.

DATEThis is a date value represented in the format YYYY-MM-DD. DATE can storevalues in the range 1000-01-01 to 9999-12-31.


273MySQL Data Type Reference

DATETIMEThis is a combined date and time value represented in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. DATETIME can store values in the range 1000-01-0100:00:00 to 9999-12-31 23:59:59.

TIMESTAMPThis is a time stamp value displayed in the format YYYY-MM-DDHH:MM:SS, but stored as the number of seconds since 1970-01-0100:00:00. Its maximum value is in the year 2037.

TIMEThis is a time value represented in the format HH:MM:SS. TIME can storevalues in the range –838:59:59 to 838:59:59.

YEARThis is a year value in two-digit or four-digit format. Allowable four-digitvalues are in the range 1901 to 2155, and 0000. Allowable two-digitvalues are between 70 (for 1970) and 69 (for 2069).

YEAR[(2|4)]

String TypesThese data types are used to store character strings in the database.

Binary Data A column defined as a binary datatype—BINARY, VARBINARY, or BLOB—treats its data as asequence of bytes. By contrast, the text data types—CHAR, VARCHAR, and TEXT—store data based on a charac-ter set.


274 Appendix D

CHARThis is a fixed-length string, right-padded with spaces to the specifiedlength. Its maximum length is 255 characters.

[NATIONAL] CHAR(M) [BINARY | ASCII | UNICODE]

The BINARY attribute specifies binary collation on a column, most com-monly used to enforce case-sensitive comparisons.

ASCII and UNICODE specify particular character sets to be used—latin1

and ucs2, respectively.

BINARYBINARY is similar to CHAR but stores fixed-length binary byte strings.

VARCHARThis is a variable-length string with a given maximum length. The maxi-mum length is 65,535 characters in MySQL version 5.0.3 and later, but255 characters in earlier versions.

[NATIONAL] VARCHAR(M) [BINARY]

VARBINARYVARBINARY is similar to VARCHAR but stores variable-length binary bytestrings.

TINYTEXT or TINYBLOBThis is a small TEXT or BLOB column with a maximum length of 255 char-acters or bytes.

TEXT or BLOBA variable-length text or byte string column with a maximum length of65,535 characters or bytes (64KB).


275MySQL Data Type Reference

Default Values TEXT and BLOB data types cannot havea DEFAULT value.

MEDIUMTEXT or MEDIUMBLOBThis is a medium-size TEXT or BLOB column with a maximum length of16,777,215 characters or bytes (16MB).

LONGTEXT or LONGBLOBThis is a long TEXT or BLOB column with a maximum length of4,294,967,295 characters or bytes (4GB).

ENUMThis is an enumerated list of string values. Only the values defined in thecolumn are acceptable, and values are stored in the database as integers.The maximum number of distinct values is 65,535.

ENUM(‘value1’, ‘value2’, ...)

SETThis is a string object that can have multiple values. Values are stored inthe database as integers. The maximum number of members in a SETis 64.

SET(‘value1’, ‘value2’, ...)

ReferencesThe online manual section that covers data types can be found athttp://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/column-types.html.




Appendix E:Common ConfigurationOptions

BONUS CONTENT

Server Configuration 276

Client Configuration 277

Web02_0672328631_3_E.qxd 5/1/06 3:19 PM Page 1

APPENDIX ECommonConfigurationOptions

This appendix contains some of the common directives that are used toconfigure MySQL in the my.cnf file.

MySQL reads configuration information from my.cnf in three locations,in this order:

• Systemwide configuration: /etc/my.cnf

• Server-specific configuration: the MySQL data directory, such as/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf

• Per-user configuration: $HOME/.my.cnf

Server ConfigurationThe following directives appear in the [mysqld] section of the configura-tion file and control the behavior of the MySQL server.

Server Startup Options• port=PORT—Specifies the TCP/IP port on which the server will

accept connections

• socket=/path/to/socket—Specifies the path of the socket thatis used for localhost connections

• user=USERNAME—Specifies the user to run the mysqld process as

• skip-grant-tables—Causes MySQL to start without using theprivilege system, allowing access to any user

Web04_0672328631_appE.qxd 4/10/06 9:59 AM Page 276

• skip-networking—Completely disables TCP/IP networkconnections

Logging Options• log=/path/to/log—Writes the general query log to the given

file

• log-error=/path/to/error-log—Writes the error log to thegiven file

• log-bin=/path/to/binary-log—Writes the binary log to thegiven file

• log-slow-queries=/path/to/slow-query-log—Writes theslow query log to the given file

• long_query_time=N—Specifies the execution time limit, inseconds, for slow query logging

• log-queries-not-using-indexes—Prevents slow queries thatdo not use an index from being logged

• log-short-format—Causes the update log, binary log, and slowquery log to contain less information

Client ConfigurationEntries in my.cnf contained in the [client] section apply to all clientprograms. You can specify configuration options for a program by usingits name as the section header, as in [mysql] or [mysqldump].

Connection Options• user=USER—The MySQL username to use when connecting to

the server

• password=PASSWORD—The password to use for databaseauthentication


278 Appendix E

• port=PORT—The TCP/IP port for database connections

• socket=/path/to/socket—The socket file for localhost con-nections

Safety Options• safe-updates—Prohibits UPDATE and DELETE statements that do

not include a WHERE or LIMIT clause




Appendix F:MySQL ReservedWords

BONUS CONTENT

Web02_0672328631_4_F.qxd 5/1/06 3:20 PM Page 1

APPENDIX FMySQLReservedWords

The SQL language is made up of keywords. Each keyword is reserved fora particular use; you must be careful not to use it elsewhere, or you willget unexpected results.

In this appendix, you will find an alphabetical list of the reserved key-words in MySQL 5.1.

MySQL Version Even if you use an earlier version ofMySQL, you should avoid keywords reserved for alater version, for future compatibility.

ADD ALL ALTER

ANALYZE AND AS

ASC ASENSITIVE BEFORE

BETWEEN BIGINT BINARY

BLOB BOTH BY

CALL CASCADE CASE

CHANGE CHAR CHARACTER

CHECK COLLATE COLUMN

CONDITION CONNECTION CONSTRAINT

CONTINUE CONVERT CREATE

CROSS CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR

Web05_0672328631_appF.qxd 4/10/06 9:59 AM Page 279

280 Appendix F

DATABASE DATABASES DAY_HOUR

DAY_MICROSECOND DAY_MINUTE DAY_SECOND

DEC DECIMAL DECLARE

DEFAULT DELAYED DELETE

DESC DESCRIBE DETERMINISTIC

DISTINCT DISTINCTROW DIV

DOUBLE DROP DUAL

EACH ELSE ELSEIF

ENCLOSED ESCAPED EXISTS

EXIT EXPLAIN FALSE

FETCH FLOAT FLOAT4

FLOAT8 FOR FORCE

FOREIGN FROM FULLTEXT

GOTO GRANT GROUP

HAVING HIGH_PRIORITY HOUR_MICROSECOND

HOUR_MINUTE HOUR_SECOND IF

IGNORE IN INDEX

INFILE INNER INOUT

INSENSITIVE INSERT INT

INT1 INT2 INT3

INT4 INT8 INTEGER

INTERVAL INTO IS

ITERATE JOIN KEY

KEYS KILL LABEL

LEADING LEAVE LEFT

LIKE LIMIT LINEAR

LINES LOAD LOCALTIME

LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCK LONG

LONGBLOB LONGTEXT LOOP

LOW_PRIORITY MATCH MEDIUMBLOB

MEDIUMINT MEDIUMTEXT MIDDLEINT

MINUTE_MICROSECOND MINUTE_SECOND MOD


281MySQL Reserved Words

MODIFIES NATURAL NOT

NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG NULL NUMERIC

ON OPTIMIZE OPTION

OPTIONALLY OR ORDER

OUT OUTER OUTFILE

PRECISION PRIMARY PROCEDURE

PURGE RAID0 RANGE

READ READS REAL

REFERENCES REGEXP RELEASE

RENAME REPEAT REPLACE

REQUIRE RESTRICT RETURN

REVOKE RIGHT RLIKE

SCHEMA SCHEMAS SECOND_

MICROSECOND

SELECT SENSITIVE SEPARATOR

SET SHOW SMALLINT

SPATIAL SPECIFIC SQL

SQLEXCEPTION SQLSTATE SQLWARNING

SQL_BIG_RESULT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS SQL_SMALL_RESULT

SSL STARTING STRAIGHT_JOIN

TABLE TERMINATED THEN

TINYBLOB TINYINT TINYTEXT

TO TRAILING TRIGGER

TRUE UNDO UNION

UNIQUE UNLOCK UNSIGNED

UPDATE USAGE USE

USING UTC_DATE UTC_TIME

UTC_TIMESTAMP VALUES VARBINARY

VARCHAR VARCHARACTER VARYING

WHEN WHERE WHILE

WITH WRITE X509

XOR YEAR_MONTH ZEROFILL


Documents

Appendix E: Common Configuration Options 276ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/.../sams/book_reg/0672328631/MySQL_in_10_Bonu… · APPENDIX C SQL Syntax Reference This appendix is intended to