Appendix D: Procedures of Testing Methodologies Utilized

Appendix D: Procedures of Testing Methodologies Utilized in the Program

Appendix D: Procedures of Testing Methodologies Utilized in the Program Static Tests

Mineralogical Characterization

Polished thin sections of selected samples were prepared by Vancouber Petrographics Ltd. These

sections and offcut mounts were evaluated by Kathryn Dunne, P.Geo. The primary objectives

were to evaluate the mineralogy with particular emphasis on sulphide minerals and any carbonate

minerals present.

X-Ray Diffractometry was conducted at the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the

University of British Columbia. Samples were reduced into fine powder to the optimum grain-

size range for X-ray analysis (<10μm) grinding under ethanol in a vibratory McCrone

Micronising Mill for 7 minutes. Step-scan X-ray powder-diffraction data were collected over a

range 3-802 with CoK radiation on a standard Siemens (Bruker) D5000 Bragg-Brentano

diffractometer equipped with an Fe monochromator foil, 0.6 mm (0.3) divergence slit, incident-

and diffracted-beam Soller slits and a Vantec-1 strip detector. The long fine-focus Co X-ray tube

was operated at 35 kV and 40 mA, using a take-off angle of 6.

Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) was also conducted at the Department of Earth and Ocean

Sciences at UBC. Roughly 20 carbonate grains in each sample were analysed. Grain selection

was conducted by Kathryn Dunne, P.Geo.

Acid Base Accounting

The samples were analyzed at SGS Canada Inc. according to the Modified Acid Base Accounting

procedure outlined in MEND Project 1.16.1b, 1991. This included sulphur speciation using a

Leco Furnace for total sulphur and a hydrochloric acid digestion method for sulphate sulphur.

Neutralization potential was measured via the modified Sobek Method, and carbon analyses were

determined by carbon dioxide evolution by hydrochloric acid digestion, with total carbon

analysed via Leco Furnace.

Total Metals

Total metals were conducted by Assayers Canada Ltd. on a pulverized sample by digesting 0.500

g in aqua regia at 95oC for 1.5 hours. The extract is then diluted to 20.0 mL and analyzed for

metals by ICP-MS. Fluoride content was analysed by caustic fusion with selective ion electrode

finish.

Net Acid Generation

The net acid generation, or NAG tests conducted were carried out as described in MEND (1991).

Analysis of the NAG leachate was conducted via ICP-MS.

Shake Flask Extractions

Shake flask extractions (SFE) were completed as per Price (1997) using the as received fines

fraction (-2mm) and with a water to solid ratio of 3:1.

Sequential Meteoric Water Mobility Procedure (MWMP)

A modification of the meteoric water mobility procedure, or MWMP test (Nevada Department of

Environmental Protection, 1996) was included in the program whereby sequential leaches are

conducted on the same sample at a preserved water to solid ratio. The standard MWMP test

involves a single leaching event of an unsaturated column of rock which is drip-leached with a

1:1 mass ratio of distilled water over the course of 24 hours. In the modified procedure, the

leachate is collected, a split analysed and the remainder reapplied to a second unleached sample

of the same material, and depending on the sample size may be again re-applied in a sequential

manner for several steps, with the effluent analysed at each step. The sample mass in each step is

reduced in order to maintain a 1:1 water to solid ratio.

Reductive Dissolution Tests

To assess the possible dissolution of weathered rock placed in a reducing environment, a

reductive dissolution test was developed that included sample replicates placed in air tight

containers with a water to solid ratio of 2:1. Sample containers were then placed in a nitrogen

environment (glove box) and maintained at temperatures of about 15 to 20° C.

Samples were mixed twice weekly and the glove box purged with nitrogen once per month. One

of the duplicates for each sample was extracted for analysis generally on a monthly basis, that

was later revised depending on monitoring data of redox conditions (i.e. some of the replicates

were left in the glove box longer to try to promote greater reduction).

Where sample mass allowed, duplicates were conducted with glucose additives to the sample to

increase the organic carbon in the system and promote reducing conditions.

Kinetic Tests

Humidity Cells

Standard humidity cell protocols following the method in MEND (1991) were conducted. The

samples consisted of minus 1/4 inch crushed rock (~6 mm). Splits of samples as loaded were

submitted for static testing procedures and mineralogical assessments. Cells were charged with 1

kg (dry weight) of material and initially flushed with 750 mL of deionized water, with the

leachate re-circulated to the top of the cell for a period of 24 hours to maximize flushing of any

stored oxidation products in the samples prior to testing. Subsequent cycles followed the

operating procedure consisting of circulation of dry air for three days, circulation of humidified

air for three days and then flushing with 500 mL of deionized water on the seventh day.

Leachates were submitted for analyses of pH, conductivity, ORP, acidity, alkalinity, sulphate,

chloride, fluoride and dissolved metals using ICP-MS methods weekly for the first 4 cycles of

testing with metals bi-weekly thereafter.

Subaqueous Columns

Subaqueous column tests completed in the program were conducted on 5 kg samples with a 30

cm water cover. Water is extracted from the top and bottom of the column for analysis on a

weekly basis and the total volume of water is made-up to allow for sample removal and

evaporation. Typically the make-up volume is on the order of 250 to 300 mL per week. The

analytical schedule was the same as for the humidity cells.

Appendix E: Static Characterization Results for Rock Samples

Mineralogy Report

CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE ROCK CHIPS, PATSY AND CLARY DUMPS,

KITSAULT MOLYBDENUM PROPERTY, BC, CANADA

November 30, 2009

SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935 Avanti Mining

Prepared for: Rik Vos

SGS CEMI Inc. 6927 Antrim Avenue

Burnaby, BC Canada V5J 4M5

Prepared by: Kathryn Dunne, M.Sc. P.Geo. Consulting Geologist Bag 9000, # 207 190B Trans Can Hwy NE Salmon Arm, BC Canada V1E 1S3 phone: 250-804-0729 [email protected]

Mineralogy Report- Kitsault Molybdenum Property, waste rock chips PAGE 2

30/11/2009 Kathryn P.E. Dunne, M.Sc., P.Geo..

Background Nine crushed waste rock samples from the Kitsault Molybdenum property, BC, Canada are characterized in this report (SGS CEMI Project No. 0935). Optical reporting was requested by Rik Vos of SGS CEMI Inc. The samples were submitted for polished thin section production at Vancouver Petrographics Ltd. by Rik Vos of SGS CEMI Inc. on Oct. 19, 2009. The samples, polished thin sections and offcut mounts were received by Kathryn Dunne, P.Geo. for optical analysis on Oct. 27, 2009. The purpose of the optical study was to characterize the mineralogy with particular emphasis on sulphide minerals and any carbonate minerals present. The optical observations are summarized below and petrographic descriptions of polished thin sections with representative photomicrographs follow the summary. All percentages in the descriptions are approximate based on visual estimation. Please note the following grain size conventions are used in the report: very fine-grained (< 50 µm), fine-grained (> 50 µm and less than 1 mm), medium-grained (> 1mm and < 5 mm) and coarse-grained (> 5mm). Please note that in this report the abbreviation Fe-ox is used for unknown amorphous, very fine-grained poorly crystalline and/or crystalline ferric hydroxides, oxyhydroxides and/or oxyhydroxy-sulphate minerals. These substances may contain other crystalline solids including sulfates, oxides, hydroxides and silicates. The composition of these materials is best identified using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Summary The crushed rock samples in this report include variably altered, fine to medium-grained, porphyritic leucocratic granitoid, fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite (alaskite/aplite), biotite hornfels, quartz ± K-feldspar ± carbonate ± sulphide veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, biotite, sericite, K-feldspar and pyrite. Alteration of fragments includes sericite±carbonate and chlorite±carbonate alteration of hornfels, local very fine-grained secondary K-feldspar as alteration envelopes adjacent to quartz ± K-feldspar veinlets, patchy sericite replacement of plagioclase within granitoid fragments, carbonate as patchy replacement of feldspars, trace to minor chlorite replacement of biotite, patchy fine to very fine-grained epidote grains and aggregates and traces of very fine-grained rutile aggregate associated with sericite-alteration. Carbonate is absent or occurs in trace to major amounts (< 5%) dominantly as colourless to cloudy carbonate with traces of brown carbonate noted in one section. Some of the colourless carbonate is likely partly calcite based on reaction of some chips to HCl. Colourless carbonate occurs typically as: 1) anhedral grains and aggregates forming liberated fragments, 2) as fracture infill and within quartz ± K-feldspar veinlets in rock chips, 3) as patchy replacement of alkali-feldspar granite or granitoid chips, and 4) as patchy replacement associated with sericite or chlorite-altered hornfels chips. In section Patsy Dump-05, brown carbonate occurs dominantly as very fine-grained patchy aggregates within sericite-carbonate altered biotite hornfels. In section Patsy Dump-04, very fine-grained carbonate occurs as cement to fragments of quartz and K-feldspar. Colourless carbonate aggregate is partly rimmed and replaced by red-brown Fe-ox in most sections. Sulphides occur in minor to major amounts (< 8%) dominantly as pyrite and in some sections as trace to minor (~1%) amounts of pyrrhotite and/or traces of some of the following: sphalerite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, marcasite and ?galena. Rare traces of arsenopyrite are observed in section Clary Dump-09. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from irregular to straight. Pyrite rims vary significantly from 1) unaltered to 2) fine rims of red-brown Fe-ox and 3) vacant rims with material plucked or dissolved. Liberated pyrrhotite grains are commonly rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox; pyrrhotite disseminated in biotite hornfels is variably altered. Fe-ox occurs in trace to major amounts (up to ~8%) in the sections. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, locally as replacement of biotite, sericite and carbonate, locally as rims and replacement of pyrite or pyrrhotite and less commonly as fine rinds on fragments. In some sections, yellow-brown or orange-brown Fe-ox occurs as fine rinds on many fragments and as cement to angular mineral grains and rock fragments.



Tabular summary (SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935 Avanti Mining): Sample # Sulphide %

~ Carbonate occurrence %

~ Fe-ox* occurrence %

~ Other > 1% %

~ Patsy Dump-01

Pyrite Sphalerite ?galena

1 tr tr

Colourless, fine-grained, anhedral grains

tr red-brown Fe-ox yellow-brown Fe-ox

1 2

Quartz K-feldspar Sericite Plagioclase Biotite

50 40 2 2 1

Patsy Dump-02

Pyrite Pyrrhotite Chalcopyrite Marcasite

3 1 tr tr

Colourless, fine to very fine-grained, anhedral grains and aggregates, irregular patches and fracture infill, replacement

1 red-brown Fe-ox yellow-brown Fe-ox

5 tr

Quartz K-feldspar Biotite Sericite Feldspar

55 1510 5 ~4

Patsy Dump-03

Pyrite Pyrrhotite Molybdenite Unknown

2 tr tr tr

Colourless, very fine to medium-grained, anhedral grains and aggregates, irregular patches and fracture infill

1 red-brown Fe-ox tr Quartz K-feldspar Feldspar Biotite Sericite

55 35 ~3 2 1

Patsy Dump-04

Pyrite Pyrrhotite Molybdenite Marcasite

2 tr tr tr

Colourless, fine to very fine-grained, anhedral grains and aggregates, irregular patches, cement

2 red-brown Fe-ox tr Quartz K-feldspar Biotite Sericite Plagioclase

45 40 5 3 2

Patsy Dump-05

Pyrite Chalcopyrite Molybdenite

5 tr tr

Colourless, fine to very fine-grained, anhedral grains and aggregates, irregular patches, fracture infill; Brown, very fine-grained, patchy aggregates

4 red-brown Fe-ox 5 Quartz K-feldspar Sericite Feldspar

40 25 15 5

Clary Dump-06

Pyrite Sphalerite Molybdenite Marcasite

4 tr tr tr

Colourless, fine to very fine-grained, anhedral grains and aggregates, irregular patches, fracture infill, veinlets

5 red-brown Fe-ox 2 Quartz K-feldspar Sericite

40 40 8

Clary Dump-07

Pyrite Sphalerite

1 tr

x orange-brown Fe-ox red-brown Fe-ox

7 1

Quartz K-feldspar Sericite

45 40 5

Clary Dump-08

Pyrite Pyrrhotite Chalcopyrite Sphalerite ?Galena

2 1 tr tr tr

Colourless to cloudy, very fine-grained, anhedral patchy aggregates, fine veinlets

1 yellow-brown Fe-ox red-brown Fe-ox

6 1

Quartz K-feldspar Feldspar Biotite Sericite Chlorite

55 10 10 6 5 2

Clary Dump-09

Pyrite Pyrrhotite Chalcopyrite Marcasite Molybdenite Arsenopyrite

7 1 tr tr tr tr

Colourless, very fine-grained, anhedral patchy aggregates, fine to medium-grained in veinlets, fine liberated grains

1 yellow-brown Fe-ox red-brown Fe-ox

1 1

Quartz K-feldspar Biotite Feldspar Sericite

50 15 10 10 3

tr = trace (< 1%); x = none observed * abbreviation Fe-ox � see page 2





SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Patsy Dump 01 Offcut #: TM-1 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 14 mm size) and very pale yellow powder. Chips comprise yellowish-grey, fine to medium-grained leucocratic and variably altered granitoid as well as translucent quartz vein fragments. Chips are partly coated in a yellow to yellowish-orange aphanitic material. Traces of fine-grained pyrite observed some granitoid chips. No reaction to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of chips to magnet. One tiny grain of scheelite observed using shortwave UV light. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~40% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained porphyritic, leucocratic granitoid, fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite (alaskite/aplite), quartz vein and abundant liberated grains including mostly K-feldspar, quartz, pyrite and biotite. The leucocratic granitoid phenocryst composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes phenocrysts (1-2mm size) of K-feldspar or minor plagioclase (~2%) or quartz and locally tabular forms (likely former plagioclase) replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite. The groundmass is fine-grained (< 0.4 mm) and comprises roughly equal proportions of K-feldspar, quartz and locally minor biotite. Sericite comprises approximately 2% of the section. The alkali-feldspar granite is equigranular comprising dominantly fine-grained K-feldspar and quartz, locally with minor biotite and sericite aggregate (likely after plagioclase). Quartz veinlets occur as liberated fragments and as fine veinlets (< 0.6 mm wide) within alkali-feldspar granite fragments. Quartz within the veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 4 mm). Locally traces of fine-grained K-feldspar occur within the veinlets or at veinlet margins. Quartz comprises approximately 50% of the section. Fine-grained biotite comprises approximately 1% of the section as both green and brown varieties. Traces of chlorite with very fine-grained rutile aggregate occur locally replacing biotite. Rarely biotite is replaced along cleavages by red-brown Fe-ox aggregates. Rutile and apatite occur in trace amounts as accessory minerals in the section. One tiny grain of scheelite (0.07 mm) occurs as a liberated grain. Carbonate occurs rarely in trace amounts as colourless carbonate. Carbonate occurs as fine, anhedral liberated grains (typically < 0.3 mm, rarely 0.8 mm). Some grains have abundant fluid inclusions. A few grains are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts as pyrite with traces of sphalerite and ?galena. Pyrite, approximately 1%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.5 mm) and less commonly disseminated in some alkali-feldspar granite and granitoid rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries are irregular . Pyrite rims vary significantly from 1) unaltered to 2) fine rims of red-brown Fe-ox and 3) vacant rims with material plucked or dissolved (see photos below). Rarely, fine-grained sphalerite (< 0.3 mm) and very fine-grained ?galena occur as liberated grains. Fe-ox comprises approximately 3% of the section. Fe-ox occurs as very fine-grained red-brown and aphanitic yellow-brown aggregates. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, locally as replacement of biotite and carbonate, locally as pyrite rims and less commonly as fine rinds on fragments. Yellow-brown Fe-ox occurs as fine rinds on many fragments and as cement to angular grains and aggregates of quartz, K-feldspar and biotite.



A

B

Patsy Dump-01: A) Representative chips of granitoid, alkali-feldspar granite and liberated quartz, K-feldspar and biotite grains. PPL, FOV = ~ 4.5 mm. B) Fragment of fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite (aplite) cut by veinlet of quartz. XPL, FOV = ~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Patsy Dump-01: C) Fragment of porphyritic granitoid with K-feldspar phenocrysts. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Fragment of porphyritic granitoid with tabular phases (former plagioclase) replaced by very fine-grained sericite aggregate. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm



E

F

Patsy Dump-01: E) Liberated carbonate grain with abundant fluid inclusions partly rimmed and stained by red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Liberated carbonate grain partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

Patsy Dump-01: G) Liberated sphalerite (grey) and pyrite (pale yellow) grains. Note inclusions of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite (po) within pyrite grains. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. H) Detailed view of centre of photo above. Note fine rim of Fe-ox on pyrite grain. RL. FOV =~ 0.2 mm.



I

J

Patsy Dump-01: I) Disseminated pyrite grains within sericite-altered granitoid. Note fine vacant rims on pyrite grains. RL, FOV =~ 0.3 mm. J) Very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox as rind on granitoid rock chip. PPL, FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



K

L

Patsy Dump-01: K) Angular grains and aggregates of quartz, K-feldspar and biotite cemented by yellow-brown Fe-ox aggregate. PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. L) Detailed view of green liberated biotite grain partly replaced by aphanitic red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Note also liberated very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox grains and yellow-brown Fe-ox material as fine rind on granitoid fragment (left). PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Patsy Dump-02 Offcut #: TM-2 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 30 mm size) and pale yellowish-brown powder. Chips comprise dominantly aphanitic olive black biotite hornfels and lesser strongly weathered, fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid. The biotite hornfels chips have brown aphanitic material coating fracture surfaces. Minor fine-grained pyrrhotite occurs disseminated in these chips. The granitoid chips are partly replaced by ~ 15% brown aphantic material. Some granitoid chips are cut by 1-2 mm wide quartz veinlets. Trace reaction of some hornfels chips to cold, dilute HCl. Weak reaction of hornfels chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, fine to medium-grained locally porphyritic, leucocratic granitoid, quartz±K-feldspar ±carbonate±sulphide veinlets, loosely bound clumps of liberated grains and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz and sulphide. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally weakly foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, subhedral brown biotite and minor feldspar (~4%). Minor pyrrhotite and pyrite occur disseminated in the hornfels. In some fragments a transition between biotite hornfels and sericite-carbonate altered hornfels is noted. In other chips, the biotite hornfels is replaced by chlorite-sericite±carbonate aggregate. The leucocratic granitoid phenocryst composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes phenocrysts (1-2mm size) of quartz and biotite and/or tabular forms (former plagioclase) mostly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite. The groundmass is fine-grained (< 0.5 mm) and comprises roughly equal proportions of K-feldspar, quartz and locally minor green biotite. Sericite comprises approximately 5% of the section as replacement of plagioclase and biotite. Quartz ± K-feldspar ± carbonate ± sulphide veinlets occur as liberated fragments and as fine veinlets (< 0.2 mm wide) within chlorite-sericite-carbonate altered hornfels fragments. Quartz within the veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as fine-grained patchy aggregates locally replaced by carbonate. Quartz comprises approximately 55% of the section. Biotite comprises approximately 10% of the section. Chlorite occurs in trace amounts in the section. Clumping aggregates comprise loosely bound, quartz, K-feldspar and locally carbonate in a very fine-grained matrix of red-brown Fe-oxide, sericite and biotite. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~1%) as colourless carbonate. Carbonate occurs as fine, anhedral liberated grains (< 0.3 mm), as liberated very fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches within and fracture infill to quartz veins, as irregular patches in biotite hornfels and locally with sericite as replacement of biotite hornfels. Carbonate within biotite hornfels may be calcite based on reaction to HCl. Some liberated carbonate aggregates and carbonate aggregates within quartz veins are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts, ~ 4%, as pyrite and pyrrhotite with traces of chalcopyrite and marcasite. Pyrite, ~ 3%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.3 mm) and less commonly disseminated and as medium-grained patches in quartz vein chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular . Pyrite rims vary from unaltered to rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Minor pyrrhotite, ~ 1%, occurs disseminated as fine grains (< 0.3 mm) within biotite hornfels chips, less commonly as liberated grains and rarely within quartz vein fragments. Pyrrhotite is locally altered to an aphanitic dull grey aggregate and commonly rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Traces of chalcopyrite occur enclosed by pyrrhotite. Traces of marcasite occur associated with pyrite within quartz vein fragments. Marcasite and chalcopyrite are locally partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Fe-ox comprises approximately 5% of the section. Fe-ox occurs as very fine-grained red-brown and aphanitic yellow-brown aggregates. Red-brown Fe-ox, approximately 5%, occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, as rims and replacement of pyrrhotite and less commonly pyrite, as replacement of sericite and carbonate aggregate and less commonly as fine rinds on fragments. Traces of yellow brown Fe-ox stains sericite aggregate within altered fragments.



A

B

Patsy Dump-02: Representative chips of biotite hornfels (top) and sericite-altered tabular phenocrysts within granitoid (bottom). Note sliver of carbonate (ca) within hornfels (top). A) XPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Patsy Dump-02: C & D) Fragment of quartz-carbonate vein with pyrite (py), molybdenite (mo) and trace chalcopyrite (cp). C) XPL, D) RL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



E

F

Patsy Dump-02: E) Aggregate of very fine-grained marcasite and chalcopyrite partly replaced by Fe-ox within quartz-carbonate veinlet of photos C & D. RL. FOV =~0.3 mm. F) Veinlet of quartz-carbonate-K-feldspar within biotite hornfels fragment. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



G

H

Patsy Dump-02: G) Clumping aggregate with grains of colourless carbonate, quartz and K-feldspar in a loosely bound matrix of very fine-grained Fe-ox, biotite and sericite. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Carbonate aggregate partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



I

J

Patsy Dump-02: I &J) Liberated grains of pyrite. Pyrite (photo I) is euhedral, without alteration rims. Pyrite (photo J) is anhedral with red-brown Fe-ox rims. Note photo I has liberated red-brown Fe-ox aggregate (right side). I) PPL + RL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm, J) RL, FOV =~ 0.3 mm. .



K

L

Patsy Dump-02: K) Liberated pyrrhotite grain rimmed and partly replaced by Fe-ox aggregate. RL. FOV =~ 0.1 mm. L) Sericite-carbonate replacement of biotite hornfels. XPL (condensed). FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Patsy Dump-03 Offcut #: TM-3 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 14 mm size) and pale yellowish-grey powder. Chips comprise aphanitic olive black biotite hornfels with patchy greenish-grey altered areas, fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid (variably weathered) and quartz vein fragments with traces of pyrite and locally molybdenite. The biotite hornfels chips have moderate brown aphanitic material coating fractures/parting surfaces. Minor fine-grained pyrrhotite occurs disseminated in the hornfels chips. The granitoid chips are partly replaced by moderate brown aphantic material. Some granitoid chips have traces of fine-grained disseminated pyrite. Trace reaction of some quartz vein chips to cold, dilute HCl. Weak reaction of hornfels chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid and vein fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~35% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, fine to medium-grained locally porphyritic, leucocratic granitoid, quartz±K-feldspar±carbonate±sulphide veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz and minor K-feldspar, sulphide and carbonate. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally weakly foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, subhedral brown biotite and minor feldspar (~3%). Minor pyrrhotite and pyrite occur disseminated in the hornfels. In some fragments biotite is replaced by very fine-grained sericite aggregate. In other chips, the biotite hornfels is replaced by a very fine-grained silicified material with aphanitic opaque aggregates. The leucocratic granitoid phenocryst composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes phenocrysts (1-2mm size) of quartz, K-feldspar and biotite. The groundmass is fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) and comprises roughly equal proportions of K-feldspar, quartz and locally minor green biotite. Sericite occurs in minor amounts (~1%) as replacement of plagioclase and biotite. Quartz ± K-feldspar ± carbonate ± sulphide veinlets occur as liberated fragments and as fine veinlets within granitoid fragments. Quartz within the veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as patchy fine-grained (< 0.4 mm) aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 55% of the section. Biotite comprises approximately 2% of the section as liberated plates, within hornfels and within granitoid fragments. Chlorite occurs in trace amounts in the section partly replacing biotite. Clumping aggregates comprise grains of quartz, feldspar and rock fragments in a very fine-grained loosely bound matrix consisting of biotite and red-brown Fe-ox grains. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~1%) as colourless carbonate. Carbonate occurs as fine to medium-grained (< 1.2 mm) anhedral liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches replacing K-feldspar within quartz veins, as fracture infill and locally as irregular patches in granitoid fragments. Some of the carbonate in quartz vein chips must be calcite based on reaction to HCl. Most carbonate aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts, approximately 2%, as pyrite with traces of pyrrhotite, molybdenite and an unknown white high reflectance phase. Pyrite, approximately 2%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.5 mm) and less commonly disseminated in quartz vein chips or enclosed by disseminated pyrrhotite within biotite hornfels chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular . Pyrite rims vary from unaltered to rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Trace pyrrhotite occurs disseminated as very fine grains within biotite hornfels chips. Pyrrhotite is commonly rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Traces of fine to very fine-grained (< 0.1 mm) molybdenite occur as liberated laths and aggregates. One liberated grain of a white high reflectance phase is observed. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs in trace amounts in the section. Fe-ox occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, as rims and replacement of pyrrhotite and less commonly pyrite, as replacement of carbonate aggregate and less commonly as fine rinds on fragments.



A

B

Patsy Dump-03: A) Representative chips of biotite hornfels (left) and quartz-K-feldspar vein (right). XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm. B) Representative chips of porphyritic granitoid cut by quartz veinlets. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Patsy Dump-03: C) Biotite hornfels rimmed by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm, D) Very fine-grained sericite aggregate as replacement of biotite hornfels. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

Patsy Dump-03: E) Liberated grain of colourless carbonate partly rimmed and replaced along fractures by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Red-brown Fe-ox partly replacing carbonate aggregate within quartz-K-feldspar veinlet. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

Patsy Dump-03: G) Anhedral pyrite rimmed by Fe-oxide aggregate. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm. H) Disseminated pyrrhotite rimmed and extensively replaced by Fe-ox aggregates within biotite hornfels. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



I

J

Patsy Dump-03: I) Liberated aggregates of very fine-grained platy molybdenite. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. J) Disseminated grains of pyrite with Fe-ox rim (left) and without alteration rims (centre). Note white high reflectance unknown phase (right). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Patsy Dump-04 Offcut #: TM-4 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 26 mm size) and yellowish-grey powder. Chips comprise medium-grained variably weathered intrusive rock with up to 30% mafic phases, fine-grained leucocratic granitoid and translucent quartz vein fragments. Minor disseminated fine-grained pyrite. Trace weak reaction to cold, dilute HCl from some granitoid fragments. Trace weak reaction of diorite chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~40% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained granitoid, fine to medium-grained sericite-altered porphyritic granitoid, quartz vein, alkali-feldspar granite and abundant liberated grains including mostly K-feldspar, quartz, pyrite and biotite. The granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes dominantly K-feldspar, quartz and less commonly plagioclase (~2%) and locally tabular forms (likely former plagioclase) replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite. Sericite comprises approximately 3% of the section. Biotite within the granitoid occurs in minor amounts as fine-grained (0.1 to 0.5 mm) green and less commonly brown plates and aggregates. Biotite comprises approximately 5% of the section. Traces of chlorite with very fine-grained rutile aggregate occur locally replacing biotite. Rarely biotite is replaced along cleavages by red-brown Fe-ox aggregates. Weathered granitoid fragments comprise quartz, K-feldspar and sericite-carbonate-Fe-ox alteration. Alkali-feldspar granite fragments comprise fine-grained equigranular K-feldspar and quartz aggregate. Quartz veinlets occur as liberated fragments with fine to medium-grained (< 3 mm) quartz and rarely minor fine-grained K-feldspar. Quartz comprises approximately 45% of the section. Rutile, apatite and zircon occur in trace amounts in the section. Rutile occurs commonly as aggregates replacing former ?ilmenite. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~2%) as colourless carbonate. Carbonate occurs as fine, anhedral liberated grains (<0.2mm , rarely 0.8 mm), as liberated very fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as fine to very fine-grained irregular patches (< 0.3 mm) replacing K-feldspar in altered granitoid fragments and rarely as very fine-grained cement to fragments of quartz and K-feldspar. Some of the carbonate in the granitoid fragments must be calcite based on reaction to HCl. Most carbonate aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by very fine-grained red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts as pyrite with traces of molybdenite, marcasite and rare pyrrhotite. Pyrite, approximately 2%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.4 mm) and less commonly disseminated as fine-grains (< 0.4 mm) in some granitoid rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries are irregular to smooth. Pyrite rims vary from unaltered to altered with fine rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Rarely, fine-grained molybdenite (< 0.4 mm) occurs as liberated plates. Very fine-grained marcasite aggregate occurs with grains of pyrite in one liberated aggregate. Very fine-grained pyrrhotite occurs with rutile after ?ilmenite disseminated in a granitoid rock fragment. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs in trace amounts in the section. Fe-ox occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, as rims and replacement of pyrite, as replacement of carbonate aggregate and partly replacing sericite-alteration in weathered granitoid fragments.



A

B

Patsy Dump-04: A) Fragment of sericite-altered porphyritic granitoid. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm. B) Fragments of K-feldspar porphyritic granitoid (left) and minor plagioclase within granitoid (centre). XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Patsy Dump-04: C) Fragments of alkali-feldspar granite (left) and quartz vein (right). XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Sericite-carbonate altered granitoid fragment with patchy red-brown Fe-ox rimming and replacing carbonate (centre) and as stain on rock fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

Patsy Dump-04: E) Fine-grained colourless carbonate aggregate as cement to fragments of quartz and K-feldspar. XPL. FOV =~ 1.6 mm. F) Liberated carbonate fragment with rims and cleavage traces partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

Patsy Dump-04: G) Euhedral pyrite with Fe-ox rims. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm. H) Disseminated pyrite grains with irregular grain boundaries but without oxidation rims. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



I

J

Patsy Dump-04: I) Liberated biotite grains. Red-brown Fe-ox partly replaces biotite (top). Chlorite partly replaces biotite (lower left). PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. J) Rare marcasite-pyrite aggregate partly replaced by Fe-ox (light grey). RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Patsy Dump-05 Offcut #: TM-5 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 27 mm size) and very pale orange powder. Chips comprise dominantly medium light grey quartz-sericite-pyrite altered aphanitic rock with lesser aphanitic olive black biotite hornfels and pinkish-grey aphanitic rock with traces of pyrite. Trace reaction of some pinkish-grey aphanitic chips and orange powder to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction to magnet. Reaction of many chips to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~25% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, pervasively sericite±carbonate-altered biotite hornfels, alkali-feldspar granite, quartz ± K-feldspar± carbonate veins veins and one fragment of quartz-epidote-sericite-carbonate-garnet altered former porphyritic rock as well as liberated grains of quartz, K-feldspar, pyrite and carbonate. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally weakly foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, subhedral brown biotite, locally partly replaced by traces of chlorite, and minor feldspar. In most chips, the biotite and some feldspar are replaced by sericite± carbonate aggregate with minor eu-subhedral disseminated pyrite grains. Relict biotite occurs only in trace amounts in the section. Sericite occurs in major amounts (~15%). Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels occurs in major amounts (~5%). Quartz ± K-feldspar ± carbonate ± sulphide veinlets occur as liberated fragments and as fine veinlets (0.3 to 0. 8mm) within altered hornfels fragments. Quartz within the veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as patchy fine-grained (< 0.4 mm) aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Clumping aggregates comprise grains of quartz and very fine-grained rock fragments (< 0.25 mm size) in a very fine-grained loosely bound matrix consisting of sericite and red-brown Fe-ox grains and aggregate. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~4%) as colourless carbonate and less commonly brown carbonate variably replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregates. Brown carbonate occurs dominantly as very fine-grained patchy aggregates within sericite-carbonate altered biotite hornfels. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine, anhedral liberated grains (< 0.6 mm), as liberated very fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as fine to very fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) irregular patches replacing K-feldspar within quartz veins and as fracture infill. Some of the carbonate in quartz vein chips must be calcite based on reaction to HCl. Most carbonate aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 5%, as pyrite with traces of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Pyrite, approximately 5%, occurs mostly disseminated as fine eu-anhedral grains (< 0.4 mm) in sericite±carbonate-altered biotite hornfels chips and less commonly as fine to medium-grained (< 1.5mm) anhedral aggregates in quartz veins and as liberated sub-anhedral grains (< 0.4 mm). Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular . Most pyrite grains are unaltered but some have rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Trace fine-grained (< 0.1 mm) chalcopyrite occurs as aggregates with molybdenite within a quartz vein fragment. Chalcopyrite is partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Chalcopyrite also occurs rarely as inclusions in pyrite. Traces of fine-grained molybdenite (< 0.2 mm) also occur as liberated laths and aggregates. Red-brown Fe-ox, approximately 5%, occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, as replacement of carbonate aggregate and less commonly as rims and replacement of pyrite and as fine rinds on fragments.



A

B

Patsy Dump-05: Representative chips of very fine-grained biotite hornfels, pervasively sericite±carbonate-altered biotite hornfels and quartz vein. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Patsy Dump-05: C) Sericite-carbonate altered former biotite hornfels. XPL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm, D) Very fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite cut by quartz veinlet with K-feldspar alteration envelopes. XPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm



E

F

Patsy Dump-05: E) Epidote-carbonate-sericite-garnet altered former porphyritic rock. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Fragment of sericite-altered hornfels enclosed by medium-grained carbonate. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



G

H

Patsy Dump-05: G) Patchy brown carbonate as replacement of former biotite hornfels. Colourless carbonate as fracture infill. PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. H) Colourless carbonate within vein fragment partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



I

J

Patsy Dump-05: I) Liberated anhedral pyrite grains. Note some grains have Fe-ox rims. PPL+RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. J) Chalcopyrite aggregate associated with molybdenite within quartz vein. Note chalcopyrite partly replaced by Fe-ox. PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



K Patsy Dump-05: K) Clumping aggregate with grains of quartz and rock fragments in a loosely bound matrix of very fine-grained Fe-ox and sericite. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Clary Dump-06 Offcut #: TM-6 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 13 mm size) and yellowish-grey powder. Chips comprise fine-grained leucocratic granitoid and translucent quartz vein fragments. Major disseminated pyrite and traces of molybdenite in some granitoid fragments. Reaction of most fragments to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction to magnet. Reaction of most fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~40% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite, fine to medium-grained sericite-altered porphyritic granitoid, quartz-carbonate and quartz-K-feldspar veinlets, rare sericite-altered hornfels and abundant liberated grains including K-feldspar, quartz and pyrite. Alkali-feldspar granite (alaskite/aplite) fragments comprise a fine-grained intergrowth of K-feldspar and quartz. Alkali-feldspar granite fragments are commonly cut by fine quartz-carbonate or fine to medium-grained quartz±K-feldspar±carbonate veinlets (1-2mm wide). Some quartz-K-feldspar veinlets have fine-grained alteration envelopes. Fine-grained carbonate and sericite occur as patchy replacement of alkali-feldspar granite. The granitoid fragments comprise fine-grained K-feldspar, quartz, locally rare hornblende and fine to medium-grained tabular forms (likely former plagioclase) replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite. Sericite comprises approximately 8% of the section. Fine-grained biotite occurs in trace amounts as brown liberated plates. Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Rutile and apatite occur in trace amounts in the section. Clumping aggregates comprise grains of quartz, variably altered carbonate, pyrite and rock fragments in a very fine-grained loosely bound matrix consisting of sericite and red-brown Fe-ox grains. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~5%) as colourless carbonate. Carbonate occurs as fine, anhedral liberated grains (< 0.6 mm), as liberated anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches in rock fragments, as fracture infill (< 0.3 mm) and in quartz veinlets (< 1 mm). Some of the carbonate in fragments must be calcite based on reaction to HCl. A few carbonate grains and aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts (~4%) as pyrite with traces of sphalerite, molybdenite and rare marcasite. Pyrite, approximately 4%, occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 1 mm) and disseminated in vein and rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries are irregular to straight. Pyrite rims are typically unaltered but a few grains have fine rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Fine-grained sphalerite (< 0.15 mm) occurs as liberated grains and disseminated in rock fragments. Rarely, fine-grained molybdenite (< 0.15 mm) occurs with pyrite within a quartz vein fragment. Very fine-grained marcasite aggregate occur as liberated aggregates. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs in minor amounts, ~2% in the section. Fe-ox occurs as liberated very fine grains and aggregates, commonly as replacement of carbonate aggregate and partly replacing sericite-alteration in weathered granitoid fragments and rarely as rims and replacement of pyrite,.



A

B

Clary Dump-06: Fragment of alkali-feldspar granite cut by fine quartz-carbonate veinlet. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Clary Dump-06: C) Fine-grained sericite-altered granitoid fragments and liberated carbonate grain (carb) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Patchy carbonate and sericite alteration of alkali-feldspar granite. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

Clary Dump-06: E) Liberated carbonate grains and Fe-oxide aggregate. Note colourless carbonate grain (lower right) is unaltered. PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Colourless carbonate aggregates partly replaced by very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

Clary Dump-06: G) Liberated pyrite and sphalerite grains. Pyrite grains are without alteration rims. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Liberated pyrite grain with Fe-ox alteration rim. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



I

J

Clary Dump-06: I) Disseminated molybdenite and pyrite grains within quartz vein fragment. Note pyrite partly rimmed and replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. PPL+ RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. J) Fine to very fine-grained pyrite-marcasite aggregate. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



K

L

Clary Dump-06: K & L) Clumping aggregate with grains of quartz, carbonate, pyrite (opaque) and rock fragments in a loosely bound matrix of very fine-grained Fe-ox and sericite. K) XPL, L) PPL, FOV =~ 1.8 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Clary Dump-07 Offcut #: TM-7 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 14 mm size) and dark yellowish-orange powder. Chips comprise mostly aphanitic rock and fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid with lesser yellowish-grey quartz vein fragments. Most chips are coated in an orange aphanitic material. No reaction to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~40% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained porphyritic leucocratic granitoid, fine-grained alkali-feldspar granite (alaskite/aplite), quartz±K-feldspar veinlets and liberated grains including quartz, K-feldspar, sericite, biotite and pyrite. Most fragments and liberated grains are coated with a rind of orange-brown Fe-ox material or cemented together by a very fine-grained orange-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Leucocratic granitoid fragments include phenocrysts (1-2mm size) of K-feldspar and/or tabular forms (former plagioclase) replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite in a fine-grained (< 0.4 mm) groundmass that comprises roughly equal proportions of K-feldspar, quartz and locally traces of biotite. Sericite comprises approximately 5% of the section. The alkali-feldspar granite is equigranular comprising fine-grained K-feldspar and quartz aggregate. Minor fine-grained sericite aggregate occurs locally in the alkali-feldspar granite. Quartz veinlets occur as liberated fragments with anhedral fine to medium-grained quartz (< 4 mm) and locally traces of fine-grained K-feldspar within the veinlets or at veinlet margins. Quartz comprises approximately 45% of the section. Fine-grained brown biotite (< 0.5 mm plates) occurs in trace amounts as liberated plates and within granitoid fragments. Traces of rutile occur as very fine-grained aggregates in the rock fragments. Carbonate is not observed in this section. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts as pyrite with traces of sphalerite. Pyrite, approximately 1%, occurs mostly as liberated fine to very fine-grained anhedral grains (< 0.4 mm) and less commonly disseminated in some alkali-feldspar granite and granitoid rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries are irregular . Pyrite rims are typically unaltered. Rarely, pyrite grains are rimmed by very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox or vacant with material plucked or dissolved. Rarely, fine-grained sphalerite (< 0.15 mm) occurs as liberated grains. Fe-ox comprises approximately 8% of the section. Fe-ox occurs dominantly as aphanitic orange-brown aggregates that occur 1) as rinds on rock and mineral fragments and 2) as cement to rock and mineral particles that are less than 1 mm size (see photos). Minor red-brown Fe-ox occurs as liberated very fine-grained aggregates, as fragments cemented by orange-brown aphanitic material and rarely as rims to pyrite grains.



A

B

Clary Dump-07: View of porphyritic leucocratic granitoid fragment and other anhedral grains and fine rock fragments cemented by aphanitic orange-brown Fe-ox aggregate. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Clary Dump-07: C & D) Representative views of angular fragments with orange-brown Fe-ox rinds and fragments cemented by orange-brown Fe-ox. PPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



E

F

Clary Dump-07: E) View of fine to very fine-grained liberated pyrite grains (right) and subhedral disseminated pyrite within granitoid fragment (left). Oxidation rims are not evident on these pyrite grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Liberated pyrite grain with Fe-ox rim. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

Clary Dump-07: G) Disseminated pyrite within alkali-feldspar fragment. Note mostly vacant rim with traces of orange-brown Fe-ox. PPL+RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. G) Detailed view of grains cemented by orange-brown Fe-ox. PPL condensed. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



I

J

Clary Dump-07: I) Detailed view of orange-brown Fe-ox rind. PPL condensed. FOV =~ 0.3 mm. J) Detailed view of grains, including red-brown Fe-ox aggregates, cemented by aphanitic orange-brown Fe-ox aggregate. PPL condensed. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Clary Dump-08 Offcut #: TM-8 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 20 mm size) and grayish-orange powder. Chips comprise dominantly aphanitic olive black biotite hornfels and minor white aphanitic rock with traces of disseminated pyrite. Some fragments of biotite hornfels have greenish-grey bands. Chips have a moderate yellowish-brown aphanitic material coating fracture surfaces. No reaction of chips to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~10% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, pervasively sericite±carbonate, chlorite±carbonate and rarely epidote-altered hornfels, rare fine-grained leucocratic granitoid and quartz veins as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, K-feldspar, biotite and pyrite. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, cloudy feldspar, subhedral brown biotite and locally disseminated pyrrhotite ± chalcopyrite. Biotite is partly replaced by minor chlorite (~2%) in some fragments. Rarely, K-feldspar veinlets cut the biotite hornfels. Disseminated pyrrhotite occurs in many biotite hornfels fragments. In many chips, biotite and some feldspar are replaced by sericite± carbonate aggregate with minor eu-subhedral disseminated pyrite grains and locally veinlets of sericite or carbonate. Biotite occurs in major amounts in the section (~6%). Sericite occurs in similar amounts (~5%). Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels occurs in major amounts (~10%). Quartz comprises approximately 55% of the section. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~1%) as colourless to cloudy carbonate. Carbonate occurs as very fine-grained anhedral patchy aggregates within chlorite±sericite altered hornfels and rarely as fine veinlets with pyrrhotite cutting sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Rarely, patchy carbonate aggregates are partly replaced by very fine-grained red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts, ~ 3%, as pyrite and pyrrhotite with traces of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and ?galena. Pyrite, ~ 2%, occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.6 mm), disseminated within sericite±carbonate altered hornfels and rarely disseminated within biotite hornfels and within quartz vein chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular. Liberated pyrite grains and pyrite within biotite hornfels typically has rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Disseminated pyrite within sericite±carbonate hornfels chips have unaltered rims. Minor pyrrhotite, ~ 1%, occurs disseminated as fine grains (< 0.4 mm) within biotite hornfels chips and rarely as liberated grains. Disseminated pyrrhotite within biotite hornfels typically unaltered; liberated pyrite and rare liberated pyrrhotite grains are locally rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Traces of very fine-grained chalcopyrite occur enclosed by pyrrhotite. Rare very fine-grained sphalerite and ?galena are observed as liberated grains. Fe-ox comprises approximately 7% of the section. Fe-ox occurs dominantly as aphanitic yellowish-brown aggregates that occur 1) as rinds on rock and mineral fragments and 2) as cement to rock and mineral particles that are less than 1 mm size (see photos). Minor very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox occurs as liberated aggregates, as rims and replacement of pyrite and pyrrhotite, as fragments cemented by yellowish-brown aphanitic material and rarely as replacement of carbonate.



A

B

Clary Dump-08: Representative chips of very fine-grained biotite hornfels (lower right) and pervasively sericite±carbonate and chlorite±carbonate altered hornfels with rinds of yellowish-brown Fe-ox. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Clary Dump-08: C) View of biotite hornfels cut by sericite-carbonate veinlet with bleached sericite alteration envelopes and patchy carbonate alteration. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Detailed view of sericite-carbonate veinlet and adjacent sericite alteration envelope with patchy very fine-grained cloudy carbonate aggregates. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

Clary Dump-08: E) Sericite-altered hornfels with patchy carbonate alteration and fine colourless carbonate veinlets. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Disseminated subhedral pyrite within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Note pyrite rims are unaltered. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



G

H

Clary Dump-08: G) Liberated pyrite rimmed and partly replaced by Fe-ox. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Liberated pyrrhotite grain partly replaced by Fe-ox. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



I

J

Clary Dump-08: I & J) View of yellowish-brown rind on biotite hornfels fragment. Rind cements grains of quartz, rock fragments and very fine-grained biotite and sericite I) PPL, J) XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



K

L

Clary Dump-08: K) View of aphanitic yellowish-brown material as rind on Fe-ox altered fragment. Note pyrite with red-brown Fe-ox rim enclosed in cement. PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. L) View of pyrite with red-brown Fe-ox rim enclosed in fragment of aphanitic yellowish-brown cemented grains. PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: Clary Dump-09 Offcut #: TM-9 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 20 mm size) and grayish-orange powder. Chips comprise aphanitic olive black biotite hornfels and yellowish-grey aphanitic rock. Some fragments of medium grey hornfels. Major disseminated pyrite (~7%). Biotite hornfels chips have a moderate brown aphanitic material coating fracture surfaces. No reaction of chips to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, pervasively sericite±carbonate hornfels, quartz±K-feldspar±carbonate veinlets, K-feldspar veinlets, rare epidote-chlorite altered rock, rare basalt as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, K-feldspar, biotite, sericite and pyrite. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, cloudy feldspar, subhedral brown biotite and locally disseminated pyrrhotite ± pyrite/marcasite ± chalcopyrite. Biotite is partly replaced by traces of chlorite in some fragments. In many chips, biotite and some feldspar are replaced by sericite± carbonate aggregate with minor eu-subhedral disseminated pyrite grains, locally veinlets of quartz, sericite or K-feldspar and pyrite or pyrrhotite as fracture infill. Biotite occurs in major amounts in the section (~10%). Sericite occurs in minor amounts (~3%). Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels occurs in major amounts (~10%). Quartz comprises approximately 50% of the section. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~1%) as colourless carbonate. Carbonate occurs as very fine-grained anhedral patchy aggregates within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels, as fine to medium-grained aggregates within quartz veins and as fine liberated grains. Commonly, carbonate aggregates are partly replaced by very fine-grained red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, ~ 8%, as pyrite and pyrrhotite with traces of chalcopyrite, marcasite, molybdenite and rare arsenopyrite. Pyrite, ~ 7%, occurs as liberated anhedral grains (typically < 0.4 mm, rarely 1.2 mm), disseminated within sericite±carbonate altered hornfels and rarely disseminated within biotite hornfels and within quartz vein chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular. Liberated pyrite grains and rare pyrite within biotite hornfels have rims of red-brown Fe-ox. Disseminated pyrite within sericite±carbonate hornfels chips have unaltered rims. Minor pyrrhotite, ~ 1%, occurs disseminated as fine grains (< 0.3 mm) within biotite hornfels chips and rarely as liberated grains. Disseminated pyrrhotite within biotite hornfels typically has irregular grain boundaries but alteration rims are absent. Liberated pyrrhotite grains are locally rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Traces of very fine-grained chalcopyrite occur enclosed by pyrrhotite. Traces of very fine-grained marcasite occur associated with pyrite in some vein and hornfels fragments. Traces of fine-grained molybdenite occurs within quartz±carbonate veinlets. Very fine-grained disseminated rhombic arsenopyrite occurs disseminated in one chip of sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Fe-ox comprises approximately 2% of the section. Fe-ox occurs dominantly as aphanitic yellowish-brown aggregates (~1%) that occur 1) as rinds on rock and mineral fragments and 2) as cement to rock and mineral particles that are less than 1 mm size (see photos). Minor very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox (~1%) occurs as liberated grains and aggregates, as rims and replacement of pyrite and pyrrhotite, as fragments cemented by yellowish-brown aphanitic material and commonly as replacement of carbonate.



A

B

Clary Dump-09: A) Representative view of biotite hornfels (top right), sericite-altered hornfels (below centre) and quartz vein fragment (left). XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm. B) View of quartz-K-feldspar-carbonate veinlet cutting sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

Clary Dump-09: C) View of patchy carbonate aggregate associated with sericite-altered hornfels. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm, D) Detailed view of liberated carbonate aggregate partly rimmed and replaced by Fe-ox. XPL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm



E

F

Clary Dump-09: E) Altered pyrrhotite grains enclosed by very fine-grained pyrite/marcasite aggregate. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Liberated pyrite grains. Note grain at centre has rim of Fe-ox. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

Clary Dump-09: G) Disseminated pyrite grains and rutile aggregate (grey) within sericite-altered hornfels. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Disseminated rhombic arsenopyrite grains within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels fragment. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



I

J

Clary Dump-09: I) View of yellowish-brown Fe-ox rind on biotite hornfels fragment (centre top to bottom) and aggregate of grains cemented by Fe-ox (right). PPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm. J) View of biotite hornfels fragment and grains of quartz, biotite, chlorite, sericite and red-brown Fe-ox cemented by yellowish-brown aphanitic aggregate. PPL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



Statement of qualifications: Kathryn P.E. Dunne I, Kathryn P.E. Dunne, of the City of Salmon Arm, province of British Columbia, do hereby certify that: 1. I am an independent consulting geologist, with a business office at 4610 Lakeshore Road NE, Salmon Arm,

B.C., Canada. My business mailing address is: Bag 9000, # 207, 190B Trans Can Hwy NE, Salmon Arm, BC, V1E 1S3.

2. I am a graduate in geology, with a BSc in geology from The University of British Columbia (1985). 3. I received my Masters degree in geology from The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. in 1988. 4. I am a registered member of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of

British Columbia (No. 18674). 5. I am a fellow of the Geological Association of Canada and a member of the Society of Economic Geologists. 6. I have practiced my profession as a geologist for approximately 20 years: 4 years as geologist with the British

Columbia Geological Survey Branch, 3 years as research coordinator at the Mineral Deposit Research Unit housed within the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the University of British Columbia, and 13 years as an independent consultant.

7. The petrographic data of this report was collected by me in November 2009.

��..�� Kathryn P.E. Dunne, M.Sc., P.Geo.

Consulting Geologist November 30, 2009

Petrography Report

CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUSHED ROCK CHIPS, KITSAULT MOLYBDENUM PROPERTY,

BC, CANADA

April 14, 2010

SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935 Avanti Mining

Prepared for: Rik Vos

SGS CEMI Inc. 6927 Antrim Avenue

Burnaby, BC Canada V5J 4M5

Prepared by: Kathryn Dunne, M.Sc. P.Geo. Consulting Geologist Bag 9000, # 207 190B Trans Can Hwy NE Salmon Arm, BC Canada V1E 1S3 phone: 250-804-0729 [email protected]

Mineralogy Report- Kitsault Molybdenum Property, crushed rock chips PAGE 2


Background Twenty-three crushed rock samples from drill core intervals, three crushed rock master samples and two other crushed rock samples from the Kitsault Molybdenum property, BC, Canada are characterized in this report (SGS CEMI Project No. 0935). Optical reporting was requested by Rik Vos of SGS CEMI Inc. The samples were submitted for polished thin section production at Vancouver Petrographics Ltd. by Rik Vos of SGS CEMI Inc. on Dec. 22, 2009 and Jan 8, 2010. The samples, polished thin sections and offcut mounts were then sent to Kathryn Dunne, P.Geo. for optical analysis. Start lithologies of the crushed rock samples and results of quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method and XRD data were provided. The purpose of the optical study was to characterize the mineralogy of the samples with particular emphasis on sulphide minerals and any carbonate minerals present. The optical observations are summarized below and petrographic descriptions of polished thin sections with representative photomicrographs follow the summary. All percentages in the descriptions are approximate based on visual estimation. Please note the following grain size conventions are used in the report: very fine-grained (< 50 µm), fine-grained (> 50 µm and less than 1 mm), medium-grained (> 1mm and < 5 mm) and coarse-grained (> 5mm). Please note that in this report the abbreviation Fe-ox is used for unknown amorphous, very fine-grained poorly crystalline and/or crystalline ferric hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, hydroxyl-sulphate and/or oxyhydroxy-sulphate minerals. The composition of these materials is best identified using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Summary Crushed Rock Samples from Drill Core Intervals (23) Crushed rock samples are divided into the following igneous and contact metamorphic lithotypes: lamprophyre, fine to medium-grained porphyritic to equigranular leucocratic granitoid (granodiorite & quartz monzonite NE porphyry), fine to medium-grained biotite granitoid (diorite), granite/alkali feldspar granite (alaskite, aplite) and biotite ± sericite-carbonate/ chlorite hornfels (hornfels). In some samples more than one lithotype is represented (examples: K08-02-204-207, K08-19-150-153). Most samples include fragments of quartz ± K-feldspar ± carbonate ± sulphide veinlets and abundant liberated grains including commonly quartz, biotite and pyrite and often K-feldspar and carbonate. Fragments of gypsum±anhydrite veinlets occur in a few biotite granitoid samples. Alteration of crushed rock fragments includes sericite±carbonate and chlorite±carbonate alteration of hornfels, local very fine-grained secondary K-feldspar as alteration envelopes adjacent to quartz ± K-feldspar veinlets, patchy sericite replacement of plagioclase within granitoid fragments, carbonate as patchy replacement of feldspars, trace to minor chlorite replacement of biotite, patchy fine to very fine-grained epidote grains and aggregates and traces of very fine-grained Ti-oxide aggregate associated with sericite-alteration and as replacement of biotite. Carbonate generally occurs as colourless to cloudy carbonate with lesser brown carbonate. Some of the colourless carbonate is likely partly calcite based on reaction of some chips to HCl. In granitoid rock chips, carbonate occurs in minor to major amounts (typically < 7%). Two samples with abundant lamprophyre fragments include 25 and 35% carbonate respectively. In samples with dominantly biotite hornfels chips, carbonate occurs in minor to major amounts (~4-5%). In samples with dominantly sericite-carbonate altered hornfels chips, carbonate comprises ~16 -20% of the section. Colourless carbonate occurs typically as: 1) anhedral grains and aggregates forming liberated fragments, 2) as fracture infill and veinlets in rock chips, 3) as patchy replacement of feldspars or mafic phases in granite/granitoid or lamprophyre chips, and 4) as patchy replacement associated with sericite or chlorite-altered hornfels chips. Brown carbonate occurs typically as: 1) anhedral very fine-grained aggregates forming liberated fragments, 2) as very fine-grained patchy aggregates replacing feldspars or mafic phases in granite/granitoid or lamprophyre chips, 3) as patchy replacement associated with sericite-altered hornfels chips and 4) locally overprinting colourless carbonate. In section K08-28-30-33, brown carbonate occurs as very fine-grained nodular



aggregates forming veinlets. Generally, carbonate aggregate is rarely partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. In sections with fragments of lamprophyre and in one granitoid section, minor to major amounts of carbonate are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Sulphides in the samples occur in minor to major amounts (< 10%) dominantly as pyrite and in some sections as trace to minor amounts of pyrrhotite or sphalerite and/or trace to rare amounts of some of the following: chalcopyrite, molybdenite, marcasite, galena and ?tetrahedrite. Rare traces of arsenopyrite are observed in 2 sections with hornfels chips (K08-09-141-144 and K08-16-135-138). Pyrite grain boundaries vary from irregular to straight. Pyrite rims are typically unaltered. In sample K08-03-135-138, a few pyrite grains are pitted and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox and rare pyrrhotite is partly replaced by Fe-ox. In sample K08-19-150-153, rare pyrite grains are partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. Rare grains of a strongly reflective unknown phase occur in sections K08-09-69-72, K08-24-12-15 and K08-24-144-147. Fe-ox typically occurs rarely or in trace amounts with the exception of sections K08-02-204-207 and K08-03-135-138 (lamprophyre) where red-brown Fe-ox comprises from approximately 3 to 5% of the sections. Generally, red-brown Fe-ox occurs as liberated fine grains and very fine-grained aggregates, locally as replacement of carbonate and/or rarely as replacement of pyrite or pyrrhotite. Crushed Rock Master Samples (3) The crushed rock master samples include fragments of the following lithotypes: fine-grained biotite granitoid, sericite-altered granitoid, biotite hornfels, sericite-altered hornfels, quartz±K-feldspar±carbonate veins, rare lamprophyre, rare basalt and abundant liberated grains including K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, pyrite ± carbonate. Alteration of crushed rock fragments includes mostly patchy sericite±carbonate alteration of biotite and feldspar within hornfels, patchy sericite replacement of plagioclase within granitoid fragments, carbonate as patchy replacement of feldspars, traces of chlorite as replacement of biotite, trace clay as alteration of K-feldspar and traces of very fine-grained Ti-oxide aggregate associated with sericite-alteration and as replacement of biotite. Carbonate (~5%) as colourless carbonate and lesser brown carbonate. Carbonate occurs as fine-grained anhedral liberated grains and aggregates, as grains and aggregates within clumps of powder and as irregular patches replacing feldspar and biotite in rock fragments. A few carbonate grains and aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide (~3-4%) occurs as pyrite with trace to rare amounts of pyrrhotite and molybdenite and rare chalcopyrite ± sphalerite ± galena ± marcasite. Sulphide rims are unaltered. Other Samples (2) Sample TP09-13-3 comprises numerous clumps of fine to very fine-grains, powder and rare rock fragments. Quartz, carbonate, sericite, chlorite, minor plagioclase, biotite, traces of pyrite, Fe-ox aggregate and rare pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite grains are distinguished optically. Approximately 60% of material in this section is unidentified (< 0.005 mm). Carbonate (~15%) occurs as colourless anhedral grains and aggregates within clumps of powder and as irregular patches in rock fragments. Brown carbonate is rare. A few carbonate grains and aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide rims are generally unaltered; one very fine-grained pyrite aggregate is observed with Fe-ox rims. Sample TP09-14-3 comprises fine to coarse chips of dominantly very fine-grained variably banded biotite hornfels, chlorite±sericite hornfels, patchy sericite-altered biotite hornfels, minor boitite and hornblende diorite, rare leucocratic granitoid as well as liberated grains of quartz and biotite. Biotite and some feldspar are locally replaced by chlorite±sericite aggregate with abundant aphanitic Ti-oxide aggregate. Some hornfels and granitoid fragments have red-brown Fe-ox rinds. Carbonate occurs rarely in the section as colourless and brown carbonate. One liberated carbonate grain is partly rimmed red- brown Fe-ox aggegate. Sulphide occurs in trace amounts as pyrrhotite and pyrite. Most pyrrhotite grains are partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox . Some pyrite grains with hornfels are altered with rims partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox.

Min

eral

ogy

Repo

rt- K

itsau

lt M

olyb

denu

m P

rope

rty,

cru

shed

rock

chi

ps

PAG

E 4

14/0

4/20

10

Kat

hryn

P.E

. Dun

ne, M

.Sc.

, P.G

eo..

Tabu

lar s

umm

ary

(SG

S-C

EMI P

roje

ct #

: 093

5 A

vant

i Min

ing)

:

Sam

ple

#

Lith

olog

y of

Cor

e*

Sulp

hide

/ un

know

n % ~

Car

bona

te o

ccur

renc

e %

~

Fe-o

x**

occu

rren

ce

% ~ O

ther

> 1

%

%

~ R

epor

tPa

ge #

K08

-02-

204-

207

lam

prop

hyre

py

rite

mol

ybde

nite

ga

lena

sp

hale

rite

chal

copy

rite

5 tr tr r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. t

o m

.g. l

ib.

anhe

dral

gra

ins a

nd v

einl

ets,

v.f.g

. to

f.g. i

rreg

. pat

ches

; br

own,

v.f.

g. a

ggre

gate

s, irr

eg.

patc

hes

25

red-

brow

n Fe

-ox

hem

atite

3 r. qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

bi

otite

se

ricite

pl

agio

clas

e

40

20

3 2 1

10

K08

-03-

135-

138

lam

prop

hyre

py

rite

pyrr

hotit

e m

olyb

deni

te

gale

na

chal

copy

rite

mar

casi

te

1 tr r. r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, v

.f.g.

to f.

g. li

b.

anhe

dral

gra

ins a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, irr

eg. p

atch

es; b

rown

, v.f.

g.

aggr

egat

es, i

rreg

. pat

ches

35

red-

brow

n Fe

-ox

mag

netit

e 5 1

Plag

iocl

ase

K-fe

ldsp

ar

quar

tz

biot

ite

clay

ch

lorit

e

15

15

10

10

5 2

16

K08

-04-

135-

138

gran

odio

rite

(m

onzo

nite

, qua

rtz

mon

zoni

te)

pyrit

e sp

hale

rite

chal

copy

rite

mol

ybde

nite

7 tr r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. t

o m

.g. l

ib.

anhe

dral

gra

ins a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, f.g

. irr

eg. p

atch

es a

nd fr

actu

re

infil

l; br

own,

v.f.

g. a

ggre

gate

s, irr

eg. p

atch

es

3 re

d-br

own

mag

netit

e he

mat

ite

r. tr r.

plag

iocl

ase

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

biot

ite

seric

ite

chlo

rite

30

25

20

7 5 2

22

K08

-07-

30-3

3 gr

anod

iorit

e

(mon

zoni

te, q

uartz

m

onzo

nite

)

pyrit

e ga

lena

ch

alco

pyrit

e sp

hale

rite

5 r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns, f

.g. i

rreg

. pat

ches

and

fr

actu

re in

fill;

brow

n, v

.f.g.

ag

greg

ates

, irr

eg. p

atch

es

7 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

seric

ite

clay

pl

agio

clas

e

40

35

10

1 1

27

K08

-07

120-

123

Nor

thea

st p

orph

yry

(qua

rtz m

onzo

nite

po

rphy

ry

pyrit

e py

rrho

tite

spha

lerit

e

5 r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns, f

.g. i

rreg

. pat

ches

; bro

wn,

v.f.g

. lib

. agg

rega

tes

2 x

x K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e qu

artz

se

ricite

ch

lorit

e tit

anite

35

30

20

5 1 1

32

Min

eral

ogy

Repo

rt- K

itsau

lt M

olyb

denu

m P

rope

rty,

cru

shed

rock

chi

ps

PAG

E 5

14/0

4/20

10

Kat

hryn

P.E

. Dun

ne, M

.Sc.

, P.G

eo..

Ta

bula

r sum

mar

y co

nt. (

SGS-

CEM

I Pro

ject

#: 0

935

Ava

nti M

inin

g):

Sa

mpl

e #

L

ithol

ogy

of C

ore*

Su

lphi

de/

unkn

own

% ~ C

arbo

nate

occ

urre

nce

%

~ Fe

-ox*

* oc

curr

ence

% ~

Oth

er >

1%

%

~

Rep

ort

Page

#K

08-0

8 93

-96

Nor

thea

st p

orph

yry

(qua

rtz m

onzo

nite

po

rphy

ry

pyrit

e py

rrho

tite

chal

copy

rite

spha

lerit

e

2 1 r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns, f

.g. i

rreg

. pat

ches

; bro

wn,

v.f.g

. pat

chy

aggr

egat

es

2 re

d-br

own

tr K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e qu

artz

se

ricite

bi

otite

ch

lorit

e

30-3

5 30

25

3 2 2

38

K08

-09

69-7

2 ho

rnfe

ls

pyrr

hotit

e py

rite

mar

casi

te

mol

ybde

nite

ch

alco

pyrit

e un

know

n

5 1 tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns/ a

ggre

gate

s, v.

f.g. i

rreg

. pa

tche

s, f.g

. in

vein

s; b

rown

, v.

f.g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

5 re

d-br

own

r. qu

artz

pl

agio

clas

e bi

otite

K

-feld

spar

se

ricite

40

20

20

5 3

43

K08

-09

78-8

1 ho

rnfe

ls

pyrit

e py

rrho

tite

chal

copy

rite

mol

ybde

nite

6 1 r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. a

nhed

ral

aggr

egat

es, f

.g. i

n ve

ins/

frac

ture

in

fill;

brow

n, v

.f.g.

pat

chy

aggr

egat

es

20

red-

brow

n tr

quar

tz

plag

iocl

ase

K-fe

ldsp

ar

seric

ite

biot

ite

30

15

15

10

2

49

K08

-09

141-

144

horn

fels

py

rite

spha

lerit

e ch

alco

pyrit

e ga

lena

ar

seno

pyrit

e

8 1 r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. a

nhed

ral p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

, f.g

. in

vein

s/fr

actu

re

infil

l; br

own,

v.f.

g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

, rep

lace

men

t; cl

oudy

, v.

f.g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

20

red-

brow

n r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

seric

ite

plag

iocl

ase

30

15

15

10

55

K08

-09

144-

147

horn

fels

py

rite

spha

lerit

e py

rrho

tite

chal

copy

rite

gale

na

mar

casi

te

8 tr tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. a

nhed

ral p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

, f.g

. in

vein

s/fr

actu

re

infil

l; br

own,

v.f.

g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

, in

vein

lets

; clo

udy,

v.

f.g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

16

red-

brow

n r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

seric

ite

plag

iocl

ase

30

15

20

10

60

K08

-10

126-

129

gran

odio

rite

(m

onzo

nite

, qua

rtz

mon

zoni

te)

pyrit

e ga

lena

sp

hale

rite

4 r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, f.g

. irr

eg.

patc

hes a

nd fr

actu

re in

fill;

brow

n,

v.f.g

. pat

chy

aggr

egat

es

3 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

seric

ite

clay

45

40

3 3 1

66

Min

eral

ogy

Repo

rt- K

itsau

lt M

olyb

denu

m P

rope

rty,

cru

shed

rock

chi

ps

PAG

E 6

14/0

4/20

10

Kat

hryn

P.E

. Dun

ne, M

.Sc.

, P.G

eo..

Ta

bula

r sum

mar

y co

nt. (

SGS-

CEM

I Pro

ject

#: 0

935

Ava

nti M

inin

g):

Sa

mpl

e #

L

ithol

ogy

of C

ore*

Su

lphi

de/

unkn

own

% ~ C

arbo

nate

occ

urre

nce

%

~ Fe

-ox*

* oc

curr

ence

% ~

Oth

er >

1%

%

~

Rep

ort

Page

#K

08-1

0 21

9-22

2 gr

anod

iorit

e

(mon

zoni

te, q

uartz

m

onzo

nite

)

pyrit

e sp

hale

rite

gale

na

chal

copy

rite

6 tr r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, m

.g.

vein

s, v.

f.g to

f.g.

irre

g. p

atch

es

and

frac

ture

infil

l; br

own,

v.f.

g.

patc

hy a

ggre

gate

s

5 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x tr

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

seric

ite

plag

iocl

ase

40

40

5 3

71

K08

-16

135-

138

horn

fels

py

rite

pyrr

hotit

e m

arca

site

ch

alco

pyrit

e m

olyb

deni

te

arse

nopy

rite

3 tr tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, v.

f.g ir

reg.

pa

tche

s, f.g

. in

vein

lets

; clo

udy,

pa

tchy

agg

rega

tes,

brow

n, v

.f.g.

ve

inle

ts a

nd re

plac

emen

t

4 re

d-br

own

r. qu

artz

pl

agio

clas

e K

-feld

spar

bi

otite

se

ricite

40

25

15

7 5

77

K08

-17

141-

144

dior

ite

pyrit

e m

olyb

deni

te

spha

lerit

e

5 tr r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, v.

f.g to

f.g

. irr

eg. p

atch

es a

nd fr

actu

re

infil

l/vei

nlet

s; b

rown

, v.f.

g.

patc

hy a

ggre

gate

s

7 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x m

agne

tite

r. tr qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e se

ricite

bi

otite

cl

ay

mus

covi

te

chlo

rite

30

25

15

7 4 3 2 1

83

K08

-17

168-

171

dior

ite

pyrit

e sp

hale

rite

chal

copy

rite

gale

na

pyrr

hotit

e

7 tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. a

nhed

ral

grai

ns a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, v.

f.g to

f.g

. irr

eg. p

atch

es a

nd fr

actu

re

infil

l/vei

nlet

s; b

rown

, v.f.

g.

patc

hy a

ggre

gate

s

3 re

d-br

own

mag

netit

e r. tr

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

biot

ite

seric

ite

chlo

rite

30

25

25

5 2 2

89

K08

-17

174-

177

dior

ite

pyrit

e m

olyb

deni

te

mar

casi

te

chal

copy

rite

pyrr

hotit

e

10

tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. t

o m

.g. l

ib.

anhe

dral

gra

ins a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, v.

f.g to

f.g.

irre

g. p

atch

es a

nd

frac

ture

infil

l; br

own,

v.f.

g.

patc

hy a

ggre

gate

s

5 re

d-br

own

r. qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e se

ricite

bi

otite

cl

ay

chlo

rite

30

20

20

2 5 5 2

94

Min

eral

ogy

Repo

rt- K

itsau

lt M

olyb

denu

m P

rope

rty,

cru

shed

rock

chi

ps

PAG

E 7

14/0

4/20

10

Kat

hryn

P.E

. Dun

ne, M

.Sc.

, P.G

eo..

Ta

bula

r sum

mar

y co

nt. (

SGS-

CEM

I Pro

ject

#: 0

935

Ava

nti M

inin

g):

Sa

mpl

e #

L

ithol

ogy

of C

ore*

Su

lphi

de/

unkn

own

% ~ C

arbo

nate

occ

urre

nce

%

~ Fe

-ox*

* oc

curr

ence

% ~

Oth

er >

1%

%

~

Rep

ort

Page

#K

08-1

9 15

0-15

3 al

aski

te (a

plite

) py

rite

mol

ybde

nite

py

rrho

tite

chal

copy

rite

mar

casi

te

spha

lerit

e

3 tr tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. t

o v.

f.g. p

atch

y.

anhe

dral

agg

rega

tes,

f.g. v

einl

ets;

br

own,

v.f.

g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

an

d lib

. agg

rega

tes

1 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x tr

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

biot

ite

seric

ite

40

30

20

3 2

100

K08

-22

141-

144

dior

ite

pyrit

e m

olyb

deni

te

chal

copy

rite

2 tr r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib g

rain

s, pa

tchy

eu

-sub

hedr

al a

ggre

gate

s, fr

actu

re

infil

l/vei

nlet

s

1 m

agne

tite

tr K

-feld

spar

qu

artz

pl

agio

clas

e gy

psum

bi

otite

se

ricite

40

30

10

7 6 3

106

K08

-22

144-

147

dior

ite

pyrit

e m

olyb

deni

te

spha

lerit

e ga

lena

1 tr r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib g

rain

s, pa

tchy

ag

greg

ates

, fra

ctur

e in

fill

1 x

x qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e gy

psum

bi

otite

se

ricite

45

30

7 7 5 3

111

K08

-24

12-1

5 gr

anod

iorit

e

(mon

zoni

te, q

uartz

m

onzo

nite

)

pyrit

e ga

lena

m

olyb

deni

te

spha

lerit

e un

know

n

5 r. r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib. g

rain

s, pa

tchy

. anh

edra

l agg

rega

tes a

nd

frac

ture

infil

l; br

own,

v.f.

g. to

f.g.

pa

tchy

agg

rega

tes,

frac

ture

infil

l an

d lib

. agg

rega

tes

1 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

seric

ite

50

30

13

116

K08

-24

144-

147

gran

odio

rite

(m

onzo

nite

, qua

rtz

mon

zoni

te)

pyrit

e ga

lena

m

olyb

deni

te

spha

lerit

e ch

alco

pyrit

e un

know

n

7 r. r. r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib g

rain

s, pa

tchy

ag

greg

ates

, fra

ctur

e in

fill

2 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

seric

ite

45

35

5 5

122

Min

eral

ogy

Repo

rt- K

itsau

lt M

olyb

denu

m P

rope

rty,

cru

shed

rock

chi

ps

PAG

E 8

14/0

4/20

10

Kat

hryn

P.E

. Dun

ne, M

.Sc.

, P.G

eo..

Tabu

lar s

umm

ary

cont

. (SG

S-C

EMI P

roje

ct #

: 093

5 A

vant

i Min

ing)

:

Sam

ple

#

Lith

olog

y of

Cor

e*

Sulp

hide

/ un

know

n % ~

Car

bona

te o

ccur

renc

e %

~

Fe-o

x**

occu

rren

ce

% ~ O

ther

> 1

%

%

~ R

epor

tPa

ge #

K08

-28-

30-3

3 ho

rnfe

ls

pyrit

e py

rrho

tite

chal

copy

rite

mol

ybde

nite

m

arca

site

2 2 r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, m

.g. v

einl

ets,

f.g. l

ib

grai

ns a

nd a

ggre

gate

s, v.

f.g.

aggr

egat

es in

vei

ns; c

loud

y,

patc

hy a

ggre

gate

s; b

rown

, v.f.

g.

nodu

lar a

ggre

gate

s in

vein

lets

4 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

biot

ite

seric

ite

40

20

20

8 3

127

K08

-30-

159-

162

dior

ite

pyrit

e m

olyb

deni

te

chal

copy

rite

gale

na

?tet

rahe

drite

3 r. r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss, f

.g. l

ib g

rain

s and

ag

greg

ates

, pat

chy

aggr

egat

es,

frac

ture

infil

l

2 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x m

agne

tite

r. tr qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e bi

otite

se

ricite

ch

lorit

e

40

30

15

5 3 1

132

TP09

-13-

3

pyrit

e py

rrho

tite

chal

copy

rite

tr r. r.

colo

urle

ss; f

.g. a

nhed

ral g

rain

s, v.

f.g. a

nhed

ral a

ggre

gate

s, irr

egul

ar p

atch

es; b

rown

, v.f.

g.

aggr

egat

es

15

red-

brow

n Fe

-ox

oran

ge-b

row

n Fe

-ox

m

agne

tite

ilmen

tite

tr r. r. tr

unid

entif

ied

quar

tz

seric

ite

chlo

rite

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

biot

ite

60

10

5 5 2 1 1

138

TP09

-14-

3

pyrr

hotit

e py

rite

tr tr co

lour

less

; f.g

. lib

erat

ed g

rain

s an

d pa

tche

s with

in g

rani

toid

; br

own,

v.f.

g. a

ggre

gate

s, re

plac

emen

t

r. re

d Fe

-ox,

and

re

d-br

own/

or

ange

-bro

wn

Fe-

ox a

ggre

gate

s m

agne

tite

hem

atite

3 tr r.

quar

tz

plag

iocl

ase

chlo

rite

biot

ite

seric

ite

K-fe

ldsp

ar

horn

blen

de

45

25

10

7 3 5 1

145

Ava

nti

Mas

ter

py

rite

pyrr

hotit

e m

olyb

deni

te

spha

lerit

e ga

lena

ch

alco

pyrit

e

4 tr tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss; f

.g. l

iber

ated

gra

ins

and

aggr

egat

es, i

rreg

ular

pat

ches

, fr

actu

re in

fill/v

einl

ets;

bro

wn,

v.f.g

. pat

chy

aggr

egat

es

5 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x m

agne

tite

r. r. qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e se

ricite

bi

otite

40

30

10

7 3

151

Min

eral

ogy

Repo

rt- K

itsau

lt M

olyb

denu

m P

rope

rty,

cru

shed

rock

chi

ps

PAG

E 9

14/0

4/20

10

Kat

hryn

P.E

. Dun

ne, M

.Sc.

, P.G

eo..

Sa

mpl

e #

L

ithol

ogy

of C

ore*

Su

lphi

de/

unkn

own

% ~ C

arbo

nate

occ

urre

nce

%

~ Fe

-ox*

* oc

curr

ence

% ~

Oth

er >

1%

%

~

Rep

ort

Page

#A

vant

i W

hole

M

aste

r

py

rite

pyrr

hotit

e ch

alco

pyrit

e ga

lena

m

arca

site

m

olyb

deni

te

3 r. r. r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss; f

.g. l

iber

ated

gra

ins

and

aggr

egat

es, i

rreg

ular

pat

ches

; br

own,

v.f.

g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

, lib

erat

ed a

ggre

gate

s

5 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x m

agne

tite

hem

atite

r. r. r.

quar

tz

K-fe

ldsp

ar

plag

iocl

ase

seric

ite

biot

ite

unid

entif

ied/

clay

40

30

10

5 3 3

157

Ava

nti

Who

le

Mas

ter

+100

py

rite

pyrr

hotit

e sp

hale

rite

chal

copy

rite

mol

ybde

nite

3 tr r. r. r.

colo

urle

ss; f

.g. l

iber

ated

gra

ins

and

aggr

egat

es, i

rreg

ular

pat

ches

; br

own,

v.f.

g. p

atch

y ag

greg

ates

, lib

erat

ed a

ggre

gate

s

5 re

d-br

own

Fe-o

x m

agne

tite

r. r. qu

artz

K

-feld

spar

pl

agio

clas

e se

ricite

bi

otite

un

iden

tifie

d/cl

ay

40

30

10

6 3 2

163

tr =

trace

(< 1

%);

r. =

rare

; x =

non

e ob

serv

ed; v

.f.g.

= v

ery

fine

grai

ned;

f.g.

= fi

ne g

rain

ed; m

.g. =

med

ium

gra

ined

; lib

. = li

bera

ted;

irre

g. =

irre

gula

r *

from

SRK

Con

sulti

ng H

C S

ampl

e lis

t pro

vide

d to

K. D

unne

24/

03/2

010

** a

bbre

viat

ion

Fe-o

x �

see

page

2



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-02-204-207 Offcut #: BD-25 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 12 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include leucocratic granitoid, white quartz veins (locally with traces of molybdenite) and calcite veinlets (5 mm wide). Traces of orange-brown carbonate occur in a few chips. Strong reaction of some chips and very fine-grains to cold, dilute HCl. Rare reaction of very fine-grains to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~20% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained biotite granitoid, leucocratic granitoid, quartz ±carbonate vein, quartz-K-feldspar vein, lamprophyre and abundant liberated grains including quartz, carbonate and minor pyrite and biotite. The biotite granitoid is fine grained, equigranular comprising K-feldspar, quartz, altered plagioclase and biotite. Plagioclase is mostly replaced by sericite, carbonate and traces of clay. Sericite comprises approximately 2% of the section. Biotite comprises approximately 3% of the section as fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm) liberated plates, within granitoid chips and as very fine grains within lamprophyre. Biotite is locally partly replaced by traces of chlorite, carbonate and Ti-oxide. The leucocratic granitoid comprises dominantly fine-grained K-feldspar and quartz with sericite replacement of former plagioclase and patchy carbonate replacement of the chips. The lamprophyre fragments comprise fine to very fine-grained biotite with plagioclase as groundmass, minor Ti-oxide and traces of pyrite. Plagioclase comprises approximately 1% of the section. In some lamprophyre fragments the groundmass is extensively replaced by very fine-grained brown carbonate and locally colourless carbonate and microcrystalline quartz occur as infill. Quartz veinlets occur as liberated fragments. Quartz within the veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). Locally traces of fine-grained K-feldspar occur within the vein fragments or as liberated grains. Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Ti-oxide and apatite occur in trace amounts as accessory minerals in the section. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~25%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate (approximately 20%) occurs as 1) fine to medium-grained, anhedral liberated grains (< 2 mm), 2) typically fine-grained aggregates including veinlets crosscutting quartz-K-feldspar veins, 3) as patchy anhedral aggregates replacing granitoid fragments, 4) as very fine-grained aggregates locally replacing plagioclase and biotite. Brown carbonate (approximately 5%) occurs 1) as very fine-grained aggregates replacing lamprophyre phenocrysts and groundmass, 2) as very fine-grained aggregates overprinting sericite alteration and 3) as liberated very fine-aggregates. Minor colourless carbonate and brown carbonate grains are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in major amounts (~5%) as pyrite with traces of molybdenite, galena and rare sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Pyrite, approximately 5%, occurs as liberated eu-anhedral grains (< 0.5 mm) and disseminated in some granitoid rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries are vary from straight to irregular . Pyrite rims are unaltered. Traces of molybdenite occur as liberated laths and aggregates within granitoid chips (< 0.35 mm). Galena occurs as fine grains and aggregate (< 0.2 mm) as infill to pyrite and as patchy aggregates in sericite-carbonate altered granitoid fragments. Rare pyrrhotite occurs as anhedral fine grains (< 0.05 mm) in lamphrophyre. Pyrrhotite rims are irregular. Rarely, fine-grained chalcopyrite (< 0.1 mm) occurs enclosing pyrite within carbonate aggregate as replacement of granitoid rock chips. Chalcopyrite also occurs rarely as inclusions in pyrite. Rare sphalerite (~ 0.20 mm) occurs as a grain in one quartz-K-feldspar vein chip. Fe-ox comprises approximately 3% of the section. Fe-ox occurs as very fine-grained red-brown aggregates locally as replacement of carbonate. Rare fine-grained hematite (~0.2 mm) occurs within a quartz grain fragment.



A

B

K08-02-204-207: A) Representative chips of lamprophyre (lower left), carbonate-altered lamprophyre (lower right) and colourless carbonate aggregate (top). XPL, FOV = ~ 4.5 mm. B) Fragments of quartz vein, liberated carbonate, biotite, K-feldspar and sericite-altered granitoid fragment. XPL, FOV = ~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-02-204-207: C) Fragment of quartz-K-feldspar vein cut by late carbonate veinlets (left) and fragment of leucocratic granitoid cut by quartz veinlet (right). XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Fragment of fine-grained biotite granitoid. XPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm



E

F

K08-02-204-207: E) Fragment of granitoid partly replaced by patchy colourless carbonate. XPL. FOV =~ 2.4 mm. F) Liberated platy molybdenite (left) and disseminated pyrite and Ti-oxide aggregate within granitoid fragment (right). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

K08-02-204-207: G) Grain of sphalerite (grey) in quartz-K-feldspar veinlet and liberated pyrite (top). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Grains of pyrite with infill by galena and separate grains of pyrite and galena within granitoid. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



I

J

K08-02-204-207: I) Red-brown Fe-ox rims colourless carbonate grain. PPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm. J) Very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox as rims and replacement of carbonate aggregate. XPL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-03-135-138 Offcut #: BD-24 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (< 12 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include dominantly dark greenish-grey volcanic rock with minor quartz porphyry and leucocratic granitoid. Strong reaction of volcanic rock chips and very fine-grains to cold, dilute HCl. Strong reaction of volcanic rock and very fine-grains to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing dominantly altered fine-grained lamprophyre, minor fine-grained leucocratic and porphyritic granitoid, quartz ±carbonate ± K-feldspar vein, hornfels, carbonate aggregate and liberated grains including quartz, carbonate, biotite and trace pyrite. The lamprophyre fragments are fine-grained and comprise extensively carbonate ± Fe-ox altered biotite and plagioclase with lesser K-feldspar, Ti-oxide, clay, minor chlorite, magnetite and traces of pyrite. The leucocratic granitoid is fine grained and equigranular comprising dominantly K-feldspar, quartz and patchy carbonate and sericite aggregate replacing likely former plagioclase and biotite. Porphyritic granitoid comprises fine to medium-grained quartz phenocrysts in a fine-grained dominantly K-feldspar-quartz matrix with minor sericite. Sericite comprises ~ 1% of the section. Fine-grained brown biotite (< 0.3 mm) comprises ~ 10% of the section mostly within lamprophyre and as liberated plates. Biotite is locally partly replaced by chlorite, carbonate, clay and Ti-oxide. Plagioclase comprises ~ 15% of the section. Clay comprises ~ 5% of the section; chlorite comprises ~ 2% of the section. A few fragments of hornfels comprise very fine-grained to microcrystalline quartz and chlorite with patches of carbonate and sulphides. Quartz veinlets occur as liberated fragments and less commonly as aggregates with K-feldspar. Quartz within the veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). Locally traces of fine-grained carbonate occur within the quartz vein fragments or as crosscutting veinlets. Quartz comprises ~ 10% of the section. Apatite occur in trace amounts as an accessory minerals in granitoid fragments in the section. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~35%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate (~ 20%) occurs as 1) fine-grained, anhedral liberated grains (< 0.4 mm), 2) liberated fine-grained aggregates (< 0.4 mm), 3) very fine-grained patchy anhedral aggregates replacing lamprophyre fragments, 4) fine-grained patchy aggregates replacing granitoid fragments associated with sericite alteration and within hornfels fragments. Brown carbonate (~ 15%) occurs as very fine-grained patchy aggregates replacing lamprophyre fragments and locally overprinting colourless carbonate in lamprophyre fragments. Major amounts of fine-grained carbonate, very fine-grained colourless carbonate aggregate and brown carbonate aggregate are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts (~1%) as pyrite with traces of pyrrhotite and rare molybdenite, galena, chalcopyrite and marcasite. Pyrite, approximately 1%, occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.3 mm) and disseminated in some lamprophyre and hornfels rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular. Pyrite rims are typically unaltered; however, a few pyrite grains in some lamprophyre chips are pitted and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox material. Traces of pyrrhotite (< 0.1 mm) occur as sub-anhedral aggregates associated with colourless carbonate in fragments of hornfels. Pyrrhotite is often associated with and enclosed/rimmed by pyrite. Rarely pyrrhotite is partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Rare molybdenite occur as liberated laths (~0.25 mm). Galena occurs rarely as fine grains and aggregate (< 0.2 mm) within quartz-K-feldspar vein fragments and as liberated grains. Very fine-grained chalcopyrite occurs as rare grains within hornfels or lamprophyre chips or as liberated grains. Rare marcasite occurs as very fine-grained liberated aggregates. Fe-ox comprises ~ 5% of the section. Fe-ox occurs as very fine-grained red-brown aggregates locally as replacement of carbonate within lamprophyre chips, within hornfels chips and rimming some liberated grains. Magnetite, ~ 1%, occurs as strongly pitted euhedral grains and aggregates.



A

B

K08-03-135-138: A) Representative chips of lamprophyre and colourless carbonate aggregate (top). PPL, FOV =~4.5 mm. A) Chip of leucocratic granitoid. Note carbonate as irregular veinlet and patch replacement. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-03-135-138: C) Abundant carbonate as replacement of plagioclase and biotite within lamprophyre chip. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm. D) Detailed view of patchy carbonate aggregate (lower right) replacing granitoid. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



E

F

K08-03-135-138: E) Liberated carbonate grain with rim of red-brown Fe-ox material. XPL. FOV =~0.7 mm. F) Aggregate of pitted pyrite partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox material. PPL+RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



G

H

K08-03-135-138: G) Pyrrhotite within carbonate aggregate in hornfels. Note red-brown Fe-ox replacement of carbonate rims. PPL+RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. H) Disseminated pyrite in lamprophyre. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



I

J

K08-03-135-138: I) Liberated marcasite aggregate. RL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm. J) Galena within quartz-K-feldspar veinlet. Pyrrhotite (po) enclosed by pyrite (top right). J) RL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-04-135-138 Offcut #: BD-22 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 13 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic to biotite granitoid and quartz vein fragments with traces of pyrite. Some granitoid chips have major fine-grained disseminated pyrite. No reaction of granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but strong reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. Reaction of some granitoid chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid and vein fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~20% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained leucocratic and biotite granitoid, quartz±K-feldspar±carbonate±sulphide veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, biotite and pyrite. The granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes dominantly seriate inequigranular textured quartz, plagioclase, lesser K-feldspar and locally biotite. Plagioclase (approximately 30% of the section) is commonly partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite and locally carbonate. Sericite comprises approximately 5% of the section. Biotite within the granitoid occurs in trace to major amounts as fine to medium-grained (0.1 to 1.6 mm) green and less commonly brown plates and aggregates. Biotite comprises approximately 7% of the section. Minor chlorite (~2%) and locally carbonate replace biotite. Rarely biotite is replaced along cleavages by red-brown Fe-ox aggregates. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as patchy fine-grains (< 0.4 mm) and aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 25% of the section. Titanite occurs in trace amounts as fine grains and aggregates within granitoid fragments. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in granitoid chips. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~3%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm) anhedral liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches replacing feldspars, as fracture infill and locally as irregular patches in granitoid fragments. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs overprinting sericite alteration or as patchy aggregates in granitoid chips. Most carbonate aggregates are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 7%, as pyrite with traces of sphalerite and rarely chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Pyrite, approximately 7%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.5 mm) and less commonly disseminated in quartz vein or granitoid chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular . Pyrite rims are unaltered. Trace sphalerite (< 0.6 mm) occurs within quartz vein chips and as liberated grains. Traces of fine-grained (< 0.3 mm) molybdenite occur as liberated laths. Rare fine grains of chalcopyrite (< 0.1 mm) occur in granitoid chips as replacement of biotite, as inclusions within pyrite and disseminated. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs rarely in the section as very fine-grained aggregates which rim and replace carbonate and as patchy replacement of biotite. Traces of magnetite occur as fine grains and aggregates in a few granitoid chips and as liberated grains. Magnetite is partly replaced by rare traces of hematite.



A

B

K08-04-135-138: A & B) Representative chips of fine to medium-grained leucocratic and biotite granitoid and abundant liberated grains. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-04-135-138: C) Colourless carbonate partly rimmed and replaced along cleavage traces by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm, D) Very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate (right of centre) as patchy replacement of granitoid rock fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

K08-04-135-138: E) Liberated grain of colourless carbonate (centre) rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. F) Red-brown Fe-ox partly replacing biotite along cleavage planes. PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

K08-04-135-138: G) Distribution of eu-anhedral pyrite grains within chips and as liberated grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Liberated grains of magnetite (left), sphalerite (centre) and pyrite (right). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-07-30-33 Offcut #: BD-23 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid, fine-grained leucocratic porphyritic rock and quartz � trace K-feldspar veins (2-4 mm wide) with minor fine-grained disseminated pyrite. Weak reaction of some granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but strong reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. No reaction of granitoid chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid and vein fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~35% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine-grained porphyritic leucocratic granitoid, minor quartz± K-feldspar ±carbonate veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, K-feldspar and minor carbonate and pyrite. The leucocratic granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes phenocrysts of altered plagioclase (< 1 mm size) in a fine-grained K-feldspar-quartz groundmass (< 0.3 mm). Plagioclase is partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite (< 0.1 mm) and locally clay (approximately 1%) and carbonate. Sericite comprises approximately 10% of the section. Relict plagioclase comprises approximately 1% of the section. Rare chlorite occurs with Ti-oxide and carbonate as replacement of former mafic phenocryst. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< ~2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as patchy fine-grains (< 0.6 mm) and aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Titanite, locally partly replaced by Ti-oxides, occurs in trace amounts as fine grains within the porphyritic rock fragments. Fine-grained apatite occurs as a significant accessory phase in the granitoid chips. Traces of Ti-oxide occurs as patchy crystalline aggregates. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~7%) as colourless and very rarely brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine-grained (< 0.32 mm) angular liberated grains, as aggregate interstitial to quartz and as fracture infill in quartz veins and as irregular patchy aggregate replacing plagioclase and rarely former mafic phases. Brown carbonate occur in minor amounts as patchy aggregates associated with sericite in granitoid chips and with muscovite in some vein chips. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs as replacement of colourless rhombic carbonate. Rarely, red-brown Fe-ox occurs rimming and replacing colourless carbonate aggregate. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 5%, as pyrite with rare traces of galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Pyrite, approximately 5%, occurs as liberated eu-anhedral grains (typically < 0.5 mm; one grain 2.5 mm) and disseminated in leucocratic granitoid chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular. Pyrite rims are unaltered. Rare chalcopyrite (~ 0.1 mm) and galena (< 0.01 mm) are observed as infill to pyrite; chalcopyrite also occurs rarely as inclusions in pyrite. Traces of sphalerite (< 0.15 mm) occur as liberated grains and as patchy aggregates in leucocratic granitoid chips.



A

B

K08-07-30-33: A) Representative chips of leucocratic porphyritic granitoid and quartz-K-feldspar±carbonate vein fragments. A) XPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-07-30-33: C) Representative view of quartz-K-feldspar vein fragment with carbonate as infill. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm, D) Liberated angular colourless carbonate grains. XPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm



E

F

K08-07-30-33: E) Colourless carbonate aggregate rimmed by rare red-brown Fe-ox material. XPL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm. F) Very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs partly replacing colourless carbonate associated with sericite alteration. XPL condensed. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



G

H

K08-07-30-33: G) Distribution of pyrite and sphalerite within granitoid fragments and pyrite as liberated grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Chalcopyite as infill to anhedral pyrite. Note grain boundaries are without alteration. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-07-120-123 Offcut #: BD-13 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid with minor to major fine-grained disseminated pyrite. No reaction of granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but weak reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. No reaction of granitoid chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid and vein fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~35% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid, minor quartz±K-feldspar veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, K-feldspar and minor plagioclase, carbonate, titanite and pyrite. The granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes dominantly seriate inequigranular textured plagioclase, K-feldspar and lesser quartz. Plagioclase (approximately 30% of the section) is commonly partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite and locally carbonate. Sericite comprises approximately 5% of the section. Minor chlorite (~1%) and locally carbonate replace relict traces of biotite and amphibole. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as patchy fine-grains (< 0.4 mm) and aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 20% of the section. Titanite, approximately 1%, is locally partly replaced by Ti-oxides and occurs as fine grains and aggregates within the granitoid fragments. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in granitoid chips. One fine-grained liberated aggregate of crystalline gypsum is observed (see photos). Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~2%) as colourless and very rarely brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine-grained (< 0.3 mm) anhedral liberated grains and as irregular patches replacing feldspars, biotite and amphibole. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs as liberated aggregates. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 5%, as pyrite with rare traces of pyrrhotite and sphalerite. Pyrite, approximately 5%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.7 mm) and less commonly disseminated in granitoid chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular . Pyrite rims are unaltered. One grain of pyrrhotite (~ 0.15 mm) is observed as an anhedral unaltered aggregate. One grain of sphalerite (~ 0.2 mm) is observed as a liberated grain.



A

B

K08-07-120-123: A & B) Representative chips of fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid and abundant liberated grains. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-07-120-123: C) Representative view of quartz-K-feldspar vein fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Grains of titanite and aggregates of chlorite-carbonate-sericite alteration within granitoid. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

K08-07-120-123: E) Liberated aggregate of brown carbonate (top right) and colourless carbonate (lower left). XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Relict amphibole (centre) and biotite aggregate partly replaced by chlorite, carbonate and titanite (left). PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

K08-07-120-123: G) Liberated fragment of gypsum aggregate (partly removed from section). PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. H) Anhedral pyrite aggregate within granitoid fragment. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



I

J

K08-07-120-123: I) Liberated grains of pyrrhotite (po) and pyrite (py). RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. J) Liberated grains of pyrite and sphalerite (centre, top) and trace grains of pyrite within intrusive rock fragment. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-08-93-96 Offcut #: BD-21 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 18 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid with major disseminated fine-grained pyrite. No reaction of granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but very weak reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. Trace reaction of very fine crushed grains to magnet. One fine grain of scheelite observed using shortwave UV light. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~30-35% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained porphyritic, leucocratic granitoid and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and minor pyrite and biotite. The leucocratic granitoid phenocryst composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes phenocrysts (typically 1-2 mm size) of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz and biotite in a fine-grained (< 0.3 mm) groundmass. K-feldspar phenocrysts locally reach 3.5 mm size and often poikilitically encloses quartz and plagioclase. Plagioclase phenocrysts (~ 30%) are locally replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite aggregate, minor carbonate and locally traces of patchy clay. The groundmass comprises roughly equal proportions of K-feldspar, quartz and locally minor biotite. Sericite comprises approximately 3% of the section. Quartz comprises approximately 25% of the section. Fine-grained biotite comprises approximately 2% of the section as brown varieties. Minor chlorite (~2%) occurs with very fine-grained Ti-oxide aggregate replacing biotite. Rarely biotite is replaced along cleavages by red-brown Fe-ox aggregates. Titanite occurs in trace amounts within granitoid fragments as fine-grains and aggregates, locally associated with pyrrhotite and partly replaced by Ti-oxide. Ti-oxide and apatite occur in trace amounts as accessory minerals in the section. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (2%) as colourless carbonate and rarely as brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine, anhedral liberated grains (typically < 0.5 mm), as fine irregular patches and as very fine-grained aggregates replacing feldspar within granitoid fragments. Patches of very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occur rarely partly replacing liberated colourless carbonate grains. Rarely colourless carbonate grains are rimmed and/or partly replaced by red- brown Fe-ox. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts (~3%) as pyrite and pyrrhotite with rare traces of chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Pyrite, approximately 2% and < 0.5 mm, occurs as liberated anhedral grains and disseminated in some granitoid rock chips. Pyrite grain boundaries are irregular but unaltered. Pyrrhotite, approximately 1% and < 0.35 mm, occurs as liberated anhedral grains and disseminated in some granitoid chips. Pyrrhotite is typically pitted with irregular rims. Some pyrrhotite grains have traces of a yellow-brown Fe-ox stain on adjacent minerals. Rarely, very fine-grained chalcopyrite aggregate occurs as replacement of biotite. Traces of fine-grained sphalerite occur disseminated within one granitoid fragment. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs in trace amounts as liberated very fine-grained aggregates and locally as replacement of biotite and carbonate.



A

B

K08-08-93-96: A) Representative chips of granitoid with K-feldspar and biotite phenocrysts. Note titanite grains (centre) and chlorite (right) partly replacing biotite. PPL, FOV = ~ 4.5 mm. B) Fragments of fine-grained porphyritic granitoid with plagioclase phenocrysts (left) and liberated K-feldspar poikilitically enclosing plagioclase (right). XPL, FOV = ~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-08-93-96: C) Liberated grain of colourless carbonate partly replaced by very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate. XPL, FOV =~ 0.7 mm, D) Liberated colourless carbonate partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox grains. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

K08-08-93-96: E) Pitted liberated anhedral pyrrhotite grain with irregular grain boundaries. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm. F) Pyrrhotite aggregate partly weathered and with adjacent biotite and chlorite rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. RL+PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

K08-08-93-96: G) Pyrrhotite grain partly weathered. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. H) Liberated pyrite (top left) and pyrite within granitoid fragment (right). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-09-69-72 Offcut #: BD-20 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 17 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include aphanitic olive grey biotite hornfels and medium-light grey hornfels and with minor pyrrhotite as hairline fractures. Reaction of some light olive grey chips to cold, dilute HCl. Minor reaction of olive grey chips to magnet. Two tiny grains of scheelite observed using shortwave UV light. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~5% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels, quartz±carbonate±pyrrhotite veinlets as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, biotite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, cloudy feldspar, subhedral brown biotite and locally disseminated pyrrhotite ± pyrite/marcasite ± chalcopyrite. Biotite is partly replaced by traces of chlorite in some fragments. In some chips, biotite and some feldspar are replaced by sericite± carbonate ± Ti-oxide aggregate. Biotite occurs in major amounts in the section (~20%). Sericite occurs in minor amounts (~3%). Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels, likely mostly plagioclase based on stain, occurs in major amounts (~20%). Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~5%) as colourless carbonate and rarely brown carbonate. Carbonate occurs as very fine-grained anhedral patchy aggregates within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels, as fine-grained aggregates within quartz±sulphide veins and as fine liberated grains and aggregates. Brown carbonate occurs rarely as very fine-grained aggregates forming patches in sericite-altered hornfels. Rarely, carbonate aggregates are partly replaced by very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, ~ 6%, dominantly as pyrrhotite with minor pyrite, traces of marcasite and rare molybdenite, chalcopyrite and unknown phase. Pyrrhotite, ~ 5%, occurs disseminated as fine grains (< 0.2 mm) within biotite hornfels chips, as fine veinlets with quartz, as hairline fracture infill and as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.8 mm). Pyrrhotite typically has irregular grain boundaries but alteration rims are absent. Pyrite, ~1%, occurs typically as liberated anhedral grains (typically < 0.4 mm) or disseminated within sericite±carbonate altered hornfels. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular but alteration rims are absent. Traces of very fine-grained marcasite occur as infill and partly replacing pyrrhotite grains and aggregate. Rare fine to very fine-grained chalcopyrite (< 0.1 mm) occur as liberated grains and locally associated with pyrrhotite in fragments of biotite hornfels. Rare molybdenite occurs as platy aggregates within a quartz-pyrite-carbonate vein fragment. Rare grains of a fine to very fine-grained (< 0.15 mm) unknown phase (optical properties of pyrite but white in RL) occur as ragged liberated grains and locally with pyrrhotite in biotite hornfels chips.



A

B

K08-08-69-72: Representative chips of very fine-grained biotite hornfels and pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels. Fragment of quartz vein (centre) A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-08-69-72: C) Patchy very fine-grained colourless carbonate overprinting sericite-altered hornfels. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm, D) Very fine-grained brown carbonate patches in sericite-altered hornfels. PPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

K08-08-69-72: E) Liberated colourless carbonate grain. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Liberated colourless carbonate aggregate with red-brown Fe-ox stained rims. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

K08-08-69-72: G) Quartz vein fragment with patchy pyrrhotite and molybdenite. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Pyrrhotite rimmed and partly replaced along fractures by marcasite aggregate. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



I

J

K08-08-69-72: I) Liberated anhedral pyrite (py) and disseminated and liberated pyrrhotite grains (pink-brown). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. J) Grains of pyrrhotite (po), chalcopyrite (cp) and unknown white phase (unk) within fragment of biotite hornfels. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-09-78-81 Offcut #: BD-19 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 17 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include aphanitic yellowish grey hornfels with minor pyrite stringers and hairline fracture infill. No reaction of chips to cold, dilute HCl but weak reaction of very fine grains to HCl. Minor reaction of some chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Reddish-brown Fe-ox stain on some fracture surfaces. Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing pervasively sericite-carbonate altered hornfels, lesser very fine-grained biotite hornfels, quartz-sericite-pyrite veinlets, quartz-carbonate veinlets as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, carbonate and pyrite. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, cloudy feldspar, subhedral brown biotite and locally disseminated pyrrhotite and Ti-oxide aggregates. In many chips, biotite and some feldspar are replaced by patchy sericite-carbonate ± Ti-oxide ± chlorite aggregate. Veinlets of quartz-sericite-pyrite with bleached sericite alteration envelopes cut some altered hornfels chips. Biotite occurs in minor amounts in the section (~2%). Sericite occurs in major amounts (~10%). Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels, likely plagioclase based on absence of stain, occurs in major amounts (~15%). Quartz comprises approximately 30% of the section. Ti-oxide and chlorite occur in trace amounts as very fine-grained aggregates. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~20%) as minor colourless carbonate and major pleochroic cloudy to brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate (~1%) occurs as fine-grained anhedral patchy aggregates and as aggregates within quartz-carbonate veinlets and fracture infill. Pleochroic cloudy to brown carbonate (19%) occurs as very fine-grained anhedral to rhombic, pleochroic colourless to brown aggregates forming patches overprinting sericite-altered hornfels. Traces of red-brown Fe-ox occur staining and partly replacing very fine-grained carbonate as fracture infill. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, ~ 7%, dominantly as pyrite with minor pyrrhotite and rare chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Pyrite (~6%) occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.3 mm), disseminated as eu-anhedral aggregates within sericite±carbonate altered and biotite hornfels and as fine veinlets with quartz ± carbonate ± sericite. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular but alteration rims are absent. Pyrrhotite, ~ 1%, occurs disseminated as fine grains (< 0.1 mm) within biotite hornfels chips, as fine veinlets with quartz and carbonate and as liberated anhedral grains. Pyrrhotite typically has irregular grain boundaries but alteration rims are absent. Rare very fine-grained chalcopyrite (< 0.1 mm) occurs as liberated grains and within quartz-pyrite veinlets. Rare molybdenite occurs as very fine platy aggregates at margins of a quartz-pyrite-sericite veinlet in one sericite-carbonate altered hornfels chip. Traces of red-brown Fe-ox occur as stain and partly replacing fine-grained carbonate fracture infill and as liberated very fine aggregates.



A

B

K08-09-78-81: Representative chips of very fine-grained biotite hornfels and pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-09-78-81: C) Patchy brown carbonate aggregate overprinting sericite-pyrite altered hornfels. Note quartz-pyrite-sericite-molybdenite veinlet. PPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Fragment (left) is cut by quartz-sericite-pyrite veinlet with bleached sericite alteration envelopes and patchy carbonate alteration. Fragment (right) cut by carbonate fracture infill that is stained and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm



E

F

K08-09-78-81: E) Detailed view of fragment on left side of photo D. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Detailed view of brown carbonate aggregate as replacement of biotite hornfels. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

K08-09-78-81: G) Liberated colourless carbonate aggregate stained and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Fragment of biotite hornfels (left) with disseminated pyrrhotite; fragment of sericite-carbonate altered hornfels (right) with disseminated pyrite. Note also liberated pyrite grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



I

K08-09-78-81: I) Liberated chalcopyrite grain (centre). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-09-141-144 Offcut #: BD-18 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include aphanitic medium-light grey hornfels with major disseminated pyrite. No reaction of chips to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels, selectively carbonate-altered biotite hornfels, rare alaskite, quartz-muscovite-carbonate±K-feldspar veinlets, quartz-carbonate-pyrite veinlets, K-feldspar veinlets and carbonate±sulphide veinlets as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, carbonate, sericite and pyrite. Altered hornfels generally comprises very fine-grained quartz and sericite aggregate, cloudy feldspar, patchy very fine-grained Ti-oxide, disseminated fine-grained pyrite ± patchy very fine-grained carbonate aggregate. Traces of very fine-grained brown biotite occur within rare biotite hornfels chips. The biotite is mostly replaced by brown carbonate aggregate. Carbonate-sulphide veinlet fragments comprise fine-grained colourless carbonate aggregate ± muscovite ± sphalerite ± galena ±pyrite ± rare chalcopyrite. Sericite occurs in major amounts (~15%). Muscovite occurs in trace amounts. Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels, likely plagioclase based on absence of stain, occurs in major amounts (~10%). Quartz comprises approximately 30% of the section. Ti-oxide occurs in trace amounts as very fine-grained aggregates. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~20%) as colourless carbonate, brown carbonate and pleochroic cloudy to brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate (~5%) occurs as fine-grained anhedral patchy aggregates and as aggregates within veinlets and fracture infill. Brown carbonate (~5%) occurs as replacement of biotite within relict biotite hornfels chips and partly replacing colourless carbonate in veinlets and hornfels. Pleochroic cloudy to brown carbonate (10%) occurs as very fine-grained anhedral to rhombic, pleochroic colourless to brown aggregates forming patches overprinting sericite-altered hornfels. Rare red-brown Fe-ox occur as partly replacing fine-grained carbonate within one quartz-carbonate vein fragment. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, ~ 9%, dominantly as pyrite with minor sphalerite and rare chalcopyrite, galena and arsenopyrite. Pyrite (~8%) occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.2 mm), disseminated as eu-anhedral aggregates within sericite±carbonate altered and biotite hornfels and within veinlets with quartz ± carbonate ± muscovite. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular but alteration rims are absent. Sphalerite, ~ 1%, occurs as liberated anhedral fine grains (< 0.8 mm) and within veinlets with carbonate ± quartz ± muscovite. Sphalerite is locally associated with rare galena. Some sphalerite grains enclose very fine chalcopyrite. Rare very fine-grained chalcopyrite occurs as liberated grains and within carbonate veinlets. Rare very fine-grained arsenopyrite occurs as rhombs within one quartz-K-feldspar-muscovite veinlet chip. Rarely red-brown Fe-ox occurs partly replacing very fine-grained carbonate within quartz-carbonate veinlets and as fracture infill.



A

B

K08-09-141-144: Representative chips of very fine-grained sericite-carbonate altered hornfels and carbonate-sphalerite vein fragments (right). A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-09-141-144: C&D) Sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Note brown carbonate. C) XPL, D) PPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm



E

F

K08-09-141-144: E) Carbonate-sulphide (top left) and carbonate-quartz-muscovite (lower right) veinlet fragments. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Detailed view of carbonate-sphalerite-galena vein fragment from photo E. Chalcopyrite as fracture infill to sphalerite. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

K08-09-141-144: G) Euhedral disseminated pyrite within hornfels (left), anhedral pyrite and sphalerite within veinlets of quartz and quartz-carbonate. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Rhombic arsenopyrite and anhedral pyrite within quartz-K-feldspar veinlet. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-09-144-147 Offcut #: BD-17 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include aphanitic medium-light grey hornfels with major disseminated and fracture-controlled pyrite. No reaction of chips to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels, biotite hornfels, quartz-pyrite± carbonate veinlets, quartz-K-feldspar± carbonate veinlets, carbonate veinlets, K-feldspar veinlets as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, carbonate, sericite and pyrite. Altered hornfels generally comprises very fine-grained quartz and sericite aggregate, cloudy feldspar, patchy very fine-grained Ti-oxide, disseminated fine-grained pyrite ± patchy very fine-grained carbonate aggregate. Traces of very fine-grained brown biotite occur within rare biotite hornfels chips. Sericite occurs in major amounts (~20%). Muscovite occurs in trace amounts within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels, likely mostly plagioclase based on occurrence of stain, occurs in major amounts (~10%). Quartz comprises approximately 30% of the section. Ti-oxide occurs in trace amounts as very fine-grained aggregates. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~16%) as colourless carbonate, brown carbonate and pleochroic cloudy to brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate (~1%) occurs as fine-grained anhedral grains and patchy aggregates and as aggregates within veinlets and fracture infill. Brown carbonate (~5%) occurs as fine to very fine-grained aggregates in sericite-carbonate altered hornfels and locally rimming colourless carbonate in veinlets. Pleochroic cloudy to brown carbonate (10%) occurs as very fine-grained anhedral to rhombic, pleochroic colourless to brown aggregates forming patches overprinting sericite-altered hornfels. Rare red-brown Fe-ox occur as partly replacing fine-grained carbonate rims in some liberated carbonate vein fragments. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, ~ 8%, dominantly as pyrite with traces of sphalerite, pyrrhotite and rare chalcopyrite, galena and marcasite. Pyrite (~8%) occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.2 mm), disseminated as eu-anhedral aggregates (< 0.6 mm) within sericite±carbonate altered hornfels and within quartz veinlets and carbonate veinlets. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular but alteration rims are absent. Trace sphalerite occurs as liberated anhedral fine grains (< 0.8 mm) and within carbonate-sulphide veinlets, quartz veinlets and within quartz- sericite aggregate. Sphalerite is locally associated with rare galena. Traces of pyrrhotite occur disseminated as fine grains (< 0.1 mm) within biotite hornfels chips and within fine quartz-muscovite-carbonate veinlets as fine anhedral grains (< 0.3 mm). Pyrrhotite typically has irregular grain boundaries but alteration rims are absent. Rare very fine-grained marcasite occurs associated with some of the pyrrhotite grains. Some sphalerite grains enclose inclusions of fine chalcopyrite. Rare fine-grained anhedral chalcopyrite occurs within quartz veinlets. Rarely red-brown Fe-ox occurs partly replacing very fine-grained carbonate within liberated carbonate aggregates.



A

B

K08-09-144-147: Representative chips of very fine-grained sericite-carbonate altered hornfels cut by sub-mm wide veinlets of quartz-pyrite and quartz-carbonate. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-09-144-147: C) Rhomic cloudy carbonate aggregate within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. PPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm. D) Patchy brown carbonate aggregate within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



E

F

K08-09-144-147: E & F) Colourless carbonate veinlets cut sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Note brown carbonate partly replaces colourless carbonate vein margins and occurs as patchy aggregates in hornfels. E) XPL, F) PPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



G

H

K08-09-144-147: G) Distribution of pyrite as liberated grains and within rock and vein chips. Note sphalerite (sph) and pyrite (py) disseminated in quartz vein (centre). RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Biotite hornfels with disseminated anhedral pyrrhotite. PPL+RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



I

K08-09-144-147: I) Pyrrhotite associated with marcasite within biotite hornfels. RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-10-126-129 Offcut #: BD-16 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid, fine-grained leucocratic porphyritic rock and quartz � trace K-feldspar veins (<1-3 mm wide) with minor fine-grained disseminated pyrite. Weak reaction of some granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl and weak reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. No reaction of granitoid chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid and vein fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~40% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine-grained equigranular to porphyritic leucocratic granitoid, quartz± K-feldspar ±carbonate veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, K-feldspar and minor carbonate, biotite, sericite and pyrite. The leucocratic granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes 1) phenocrysts of altered plagioclase (< 1 mm size) in a fine-grained K-feldspar-quartz groundmass (< 0.3 mm) and 2) fine to medium-grained equigranular plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz aggregate. Plagioclase is partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite (< 0.1 mm) and locally carbonate and minor clay (~1%). K-feldspar rarely shows micrographic intergrowth with quartz. Sericite comprises approximately 3% of the section. Relict plagioclase comprises approximately 3% of the section. Rare brown biotite (< 0.3 mm) as liberated plates and as aggregates within some granitoid fragments. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< ~2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as minor patchy fine-grains (< 0.4 mm) and aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 45% of the section. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in the granitoid chips. Traces of Ti-oxide occurs as patchy crystalline aggregates. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~3%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine-grained (< 0.5 mm) angular liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained (< 0.6 mm) subhedral aggregates, as aggregate interstitial to quartz and as fracture infill in quartz veins and as irregular patchy aggregate replacing plagioclase, as irregular patchy aggregates replacing biotite. Brown carbonate occur in minor amounts as patchy aggregates associated with sericite replacing biotite and plagioclase in granitoid chips. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs as replacement of colourless rhombic carbonate. Rare grains of red-brown Fe-ox occur replacing colourless carbonate aggregate in one liberated carbonate aggregate. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 4%, as pyrite with rare traces of galena and sphalerite. Pyrite, approximately 4%, occurs dominantly as liberated sub-anhedral grains (< 0.8 mm) and less commonly disseminated in leucocratic granitoid chips. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular. Pyrite rims are unaltered. Traces of sphalerite (< 1 mm) occurs as liberated grains and as patchy aggregates associated with rare galena and enclosing pyrite in one granitoid chip.



A

B

K08-10-126-129: A) Representative chips of leucocratic porphyritic granitoid cut by quartz-carbonate veinlet (centre). A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-10-126-129: C) Representative view of quartz-K-feldspar vein fragment (left), carbonate aggregate (centre) and quartz veinlet (right). XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Liberated anhedral colourless carbonate aggregate (left) and liberated colourless grain (right). XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm



E

F

K08-10-126-129: E) Brown carbonate aggregate occurs with Ti-oxide and pyrite (opaque) as replacement of plagioclase. PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Rare colourless carbonate rimmed by brown very fine-grained carbonate and partly replaced by Fe-ox material. PPL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



G

H

K08-10-126-129: G) Distribution of pyrite as liberated grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Sphalerite (dark grey) associated with galena (light grey) enclosing anhedral pyrite within granitoid fragment. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-10-219-222 Offcut #: BD-15 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 11 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine-grained leucocratic porphyritic rock and quartz � trace K-feldspar veins with major fine-grained disseminated pyrite. No reaction chips to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction of granitoid chips to magnet. Reaction of granitoid and vein fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~40% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine-grained and porphyritic leucocratic granitoid, quartz± K-feldspar ±carbonate veinlets and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, K-feldspar and minor carbonate, biotite, sericite and pyrite. The leucocratic granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes 1) phenocrysts of altered plagioclase (< 0.6 mm size), quartz (< 0.6 mm size) and locally K-feldspar (< 1.5 mm) in a fine-grained K-feldspar-quartz groundmass (< 0.3 mm) and 2) fine-grained equigranular plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz aggregate. Plagioclase is partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite (< 0.1 mm) and locally carbonate. Sericite comprises approximately 5% of the section. Relict plagioclase comprises approximately 3% of the section. Traces of pale brown biotite, ?phlogopite (< 0.15 mm) occurs as liberated plates and as aggregates within some granitoid fragments. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< ~2 mm). K-feldspar occurs as minor patchy fine-grains (< 1 mm) and aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in the granitoid chips. Traces of Ti-oxide occurs as patchy crystalline aggregates, locally replacing rhombic forms (likely titanite). Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~5%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) angular liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained (< 0.3 mm) subhedral aggregates, as medium-grained aggregate interstitial to quartz and pyrite in veins, as fine to very fine-grained fracture infill in quartz veins and granitoid fragments and as irregular patchy aggregate replacing plagioclase. Brown carbonate occur in minor amounts as patchy aggregates associated with sericite replacing biotite and plagioclase in granitoid chips and as liberated aggregates. Trace aggregates of red-brown Fe-ox occur replacing colourless carbonate aggregate in plagioclase, occurs rimming and replacing fragments of colourless carbonate and along grain boundaries in a liberated brown carbonate chip. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 6%, as pyrite with traces sphalerite and rare galena and chalcopyrite. Pyrite, approximately 6%, occurs dominantly as liberated anhedral grains (< 1.2 mm) and less commonly disseminated as eu-anhedral grains in leucocratic granitoid chips and quartz-carbonate veins. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular. Pyrite rims are unaltered. Traces of sphalerite (< 0.8 mm) occurs as liberated grains and associated with galena as infill to fractured liberated pyrite. Rare galena occurs as liberated grains (< 0.2 mm). Rare chalcopyrite occurs as infill to fractures in one liberated sphalerite grain.



A

B

K08-10-219-222: A) Representative chips of leucocratic porphyritic granitoid cut by carbonate fracture infill. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-10-219-222: C) Quartz-K-feldspar vein fragment cut by fine carbonate-filled fractures. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm, D) Fine-grained granitoid cut by medium-grained quartz-pyrite-carbonate veinlet. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm



E

F

K08-10-219-222: E) Brown carbonate aggregate (centre), liberated sphalerite graine (top right) and liberated pyrite (opaque). PPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Carbonate as patchy replacement of plagioclase and as fracture infill. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

K08-10-219-222: G) Colourless carbonate rimmed by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. H) Liberated grain of colourless carbonate partly rimmed by very fine-grained red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL, condensed. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



I

J

K08-10-219-222: I) Fractured anhedral pyrite with infill by sphalerite and traces of galena. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. J) Liberated grain of galena (gal) and anhedral pyrite (py). RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-16-135-138 Offcut #: BD-14 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 13 mm size) and very fine grains. Chips include aphanitic greenish-grey banded biotite hornfels and medium grey hornfels and with minor pyrite. Reaction of some chips to cold, dilute HCl. No reaction to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~15% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing very fine-grained biotite hornfels, pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels, quartz±sulphide veinlets, carbonate veinlets, K-feldspar±carbonate±pyrite±quartz veinlets as well as numerous liberated grains of quartz, biotite, carbonate and pyrite. The biotite hornfels has a granoblastic to locally foliated texture and comprises very fine-grained quartz, cloudy feldspar, subhedral brown biotite and locally disseminated pyrite. Biotite is partly replaced by traces of chlorite in some fragments. In some chips, biotite and some feldspar are replaced by sericite± carbonate ± Ti-oxide aggregate. Biotite occurs in major amounts in the section (~7%). Sericite occurs in major amounts (~5%). Relict very fine-grained feldspar in the hornfels, likely plagioclase based on absence of stain, occurs in major amounts (~25%). Quartz comprises approximately 40% of the section. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~4%) as colourless carbonate, pleochroic cloudy carbonate and rarely brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as very fine-grained anhedral patchy aggregates within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels, as fine-grained aggregates within K-feldspar±quartz veins and as fine liberated grains and aggregates. Pleochroic cloudy carbonate occurs as patchy aggregates within sericite-carbonate altered hornfels. Brown carbonate occurs rarely as very fine-grained aggregates forming veinlets and partly replacing colourless carbonate. Rarely colourless carbonate within pyrrhotite-marcasite veinlets and carbonate veinlets is partly stained and replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Sulphide occurs in minor amounts, ~ 3%, dominantly as pyrite, with traces of pyrrhotite and marcasite and rare chalcopyrite, molybdenite and arsenopyrite. Pyrite, ~3%, occurs typically as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.8 mm), in veinlets or disseminated within sericite±carbonate altered hornfels or biotite hornfels. Pyrite grain boundaries vary from straight to irregular but alteration rims are absent. Traces of pyrrhotite occur disseminated as fine grains (< 0.1 mm) within biotite hornfels chips, as fine veinlets with quartz and carbonate and as liberated anhedral grains. Pyrrhotite typically has irregular grain boundaries but alteration rims are absent. Traces of very fine-grained marcasite occur partly replacing pyrrhotite grains and aggregate. Rare very fine-grained chalcopyrite (< 0.1 mm) occur as liberated grains, locally associated with pyrrhotite in fragments of biotite hornfels, locally enclosed by pyrite or marcasite grains or within quartz vein fragments. Rare molybdenite occurs as platy aggregates within a quartz-pyrrhotite-marcasite-pyrite-carbonate vein fragment. Rare grains of very fine-grained (< 0.02 mm) rhombic arsenopyrite occur in one biotite hornfels chip. Rarely red-brown Fe-ox occurs partly replacing fine-grained carbonate associated with marcasite in quartz vein fragments and carbonate veinlets in biotite hornfels.



A

B

K08-16-135-138: Representative chips of very fine-grained biotite hornfels and pervasively sericite±carbonate altered hornfels. Fragment of carbonate-sulphide vein (right) A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-16-135-138: C) Liberated colourless carbonate grain (centre). XPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm, D) K-feldspar vein fragment partly replaced by carbonate. XPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm



E

F

K08-16-135-138: E) Patchy colourless carbonate aggregate overprinting sericite-altered hornfels. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Brown carbonate as veinlets. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



G

H

K08-16-135-138: G) Disseminated pyrite and pyrrhotite within sericite-altered hornfels (right) and pyrite as liberated anhedral grains (left). RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Fractured quartz veinlet with relict pyrrhotite (po) and marcasite aggregate. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



I

J

K08-16-135-138: I) Liberated anhedral pyrite (py) and disseminated and liberated pyrrhotite grains (pink-brown). RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. J) Grains of pyrrhotite (po) and arsenopyrite (asp) within fragment of biotite hornfels. Liberated marcasite grain (lower left). RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-17-141-144 Offcut #: BD-12 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic and biotite granitoid and quartz veins. Major disseminated fine-grained pyrite (5-7%). Local reaction of some granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but strong reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. Trace reaction of some crushed grains to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite. Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained granitoid, quartz ± K-feldspar ± muscovite (sericite) ± carbonate vein and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, K-feldspar, carbonate, biotite and pyrite. The granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes dominantly seriate inequigranular textured quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and locally biotite. Plagioclase (approximately 15% of the section) is commonly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite and locally overprinted by patchy carbonate or clay. Sericite comprises approximately 7% of the section; minor muscovite occurs as platy grains (~2%). Clay comprises approximately 3% of the section. Biotite within the granitoid occurs in trace to major amounts as fine to medium-grained (0.1 to 1.3 mm) brown plates and aggregates. Biotite comprises approximately 4% of the section. Minor chlorite (~1%) occurs locally replacing biotite. Biotite is locally replaced along cleavages by Ti-oxide and rarely carbonate aggregates. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 3 mm). Quartz comprises approximately 30% of the section. K-feldspar comprises approximately 25% of the section. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in granitoid chips. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~7%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine-grained (< 0.6 mm) anhedral liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches replacing feldspars, as fracture infill/veinlets and locally as irregular patches in granitoid fragments. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs partly replacing colourless carbonate or muscovite/sericite. Rarely rims of colourless carbonate are replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 5%, as pyrite with traces of molybdenite and rarely sphalerite, chalcopyrite and unknown phases. Pyrite, approximately 5%, occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 0.8 mm) and disseminated as eu-subhedral grains and aggregates in granitoid chips. Pyrite grains are unaltered. Molybdenite occurs as fine-grained platy to flaky grains within granitoid fragments. Chalcopyrite and rarely galena occur as inclusions in pyrite. Trace fine-grained sphalerite occurs within granitoid chips and as liberated grains. Rare very fine grains of chalcopyrite (< 0.025 mm) occur in granitoid chips associated with unknown phases (see photos) and as liberated grains. The unknown phases occur only in one granitoid chip in this section. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs very rarely in the section as very fine-grained aggregates rimming a few carbonate grains. Traces of magnetite occur as fine grains and aggregates in a few granitoid chips and as liberated grains



A

B

K08-17-141-144: A & B) Representative chip of fine to medium-grained sericite-carbonate-clay altered biotite granitoid. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-17-141-144: C) Representative chip of fine to medium-grained quartz ± K-feldspar vein fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm. D) Muscovite partly replaced by very fine carbonate aggregate within quartz-K-feldspar fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



E

F

K08-17-141-144: E) Fragment of colourless carbonate (centre) with altered brown carbonate core. XPL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. F) Very fine-grained Fe-ox as replacement of carbonate overprinting sericite aggregate within granitoid chip. XPL. FOV = 2.6 mm.



G

H

K08-17-141-144: G) Distribution of eu-anhedral pyrite grains within chips and as liberated grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Pyrite and platy molybdenite in quartz-K-feldspar chip. RL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm.



I

J

K08-17-141-144: I) Grains of pyrite and molybdenite in granitoid chip. RL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm. J) Very fine grains of chalcopyrite cp) associated with unknown phases (unk, unk 2). RL. FOV =~ 0.3 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-17-168-171 Offcut #: BD-11 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 15 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic and biotite granitoid and quartz veins. Major disseminated fine-grained pyrite (7%). Weak reaction of granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but strong reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. Reaction of some granitoid chips to magnet. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite (yellow stain ~25% alkali feldspar). Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained granitoid, quartz±carbonate±sulphide vein, alkali-feldspar granite and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and pyrite. The granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes dominantly seriate inequigranular textured quartz, plagioclase, lesser K-feldspar and locally biotite. Plagioclase (approximately 25% of the section) is commonly partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite and locally carbonate. Sericite comprises approximately 2% of the section. Biotite within the granitoid occurs in trace to major amounts as fine to medium-grained (0.1 to 1.9 mm) brown and rarely green plates and aggregates. Biotite comprises approximately 5% of the section. Minor chlorite (~2%) occurs locally replacing biotite. Rarely biotite is replaced along cleavages by brown carbonate aggregates. Rare hornblende occurs as liberated grains partly replaced along cleavages by carbonate. Alkali-feldspar granite fragments comprise fine-grained intergrown K-feldspar (perthitic) and quartz aggregate. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 2.6 mm). Carbonate, pyrite and sphalerite occur as patchy fine-grains and aggregates within the veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 30% of the section. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in granitoid chips. Carbonate occurs in minor amounts (~3%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine-grained (< 1 mm) anhedral liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches replacing feldspars, as fracture infill and locally as irregular patches in granitoid and quartz vein fragments. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs partly replacing biotite or hornblende. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 7%, as pyrite with traces of sphalerite and rarely chalcopyrite, galena and pyrrhotite. Pyrite, approximately 7%, occurs mostly as liberated anhedral grains (< 1 mm) and less commonly disseminated in quartz vein, alkali feldspar granite or granitoid chips. Pyrite grains are typically anhedral but unaltered. Chalcopyrite and rarely pyrrhotite occur as inclusions in pyrite. Trace sphalerite (< 0.8 mm) occurs within quartz vein chips and as liberated grains. Chalcopyrite and galena occur rarely as inclusions in sphalerite. Rare very fine grains of chalcopyrite (< 0.05 mm) occur in granitoid chips as replacement of biotite, as inclusions in pyrite and sphalerite and as liberated grains. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs very rarely in the section as very fine-grained liberated aggregates. Traces of magnetite occur as fine grains and aggregates in a few granitoid chips and as liberated grains



A

B

K08-17-168-171: A & B) Representative chips of fine to medium-grained leucocratic granitoid and abundant liberated grains. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-17-168-171: C) Patchy colourless carbonate partly replacing granitoid rock fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 1.3 mm, D) Alkali-feldspar granite rock fragment. XPL, FOV =~ 2.6 mm



E

F

K08-17-168-171: E) Liberated colourless carbonate and sphalerite grains. PPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. F) Very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs with sericite and opaques as replacement of former biotite. Note apatite (ap). PPL. FOV =~ 0.7 mm.



G

H

K08-17-168-171: G) Distribution of anhedral pyrite within rock chips and as liberated grains. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm. H) Liberated pyrite and sphalerite (sphal) grains. Note inclusion of pyrrhotite (labeled po, lower right). RL. FOV =~ 1.5 mm.



SGS-CEMI Project #: 0935Avanti Mining Sample ID: K08-17-174-177 Offcut #: BD-10 Chip and Offcut Mount Description: Fine to coarse angular chips (less than 22 mm size) and finely crushed grains. Chips include fine to medium-grained leucocratic and biotite granitoid and quartz veins. Major disseminated fine-grained pyrite (7%). Weak reaction of granitoid chips to cold, dilute HCl but strong reaction of finely crushed grains in sample to HCl. No reaction to magnet. One fine grain of scheelite observed using shortwave UV light. Reaction of some fragments to etching with HF and staining with sodium cobaltinitrite. Polished Thin Section Description: Fine to coarse chips representing fine to medium-grained granitoid, quartz± K-feldspar ±carbonate vein and abundant liberated grains including mostly quartz, altered plagioclase, carbonate, biotite and pyrite. The granitoid composition varies from fragment to fragment but typically includes dominantly seriate inequigranular textured quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and locally biotite. Plagioclase (approximately 20% of the section) is commonly partly replaced by fine to very fine-grained sericite and locally overprinted by patchy carbonate or clay. Sericite comprises approximately 2% of the section. Clay comprises approximately 5% of the section. Biotite within the granitoid occurs in trace to major amounts as fine to medium-grained (0.1 to 2 mm) brown and green plates and aggregates. Biotite comprises approximately 5% of the section. Minor chlorite (~2%) occurs locally replacing biotite. Biotite is locally replaced along cleavages by Ti-oxide and rarely carbonate aggregates. Quartz within veinlets is anhedral and fine to medium-grained (< 4 mm). Pyrite and molybdenite occur as patchy fine-grains and aggregates within quartz± K-feldspar ±carbonate veinlets. Quartz comprises approximately 30% of the section. K-feldspar comprises approximately 20% of the section. Fine-grained apatite occurs as an accessory phase in granitoid chips. Carbonate occurs in major amounts (~5%) as colourless and brown carbonate. Colourless carbonate occurs as fine to medium-grained (< 1.6 mm) anhedral liberated grains, as liberated fine-grained anhedral aggregates, as irregular patches replacing feldspars, as fracture infill/veinlets and locally as irregular patches in granitoid fragments. Some of the colourless carbonate in the section must be calcite based on reaction of very fine crushed grains to HCl. Rarely very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate occurs partly replacing colourless carbonate. Rarely rims of colourless carbonate are replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. Sulphide occurs in major amounts, approximately 10%, as pyrite with traces of molybdenite and rarely marcasite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Pyrite, approximately 10%, occurs as liberated anhedral grains (< 1 mm) and disseminated as eu-subhedral grains and aggregates in quartz vein and granitoid chips. Pyrite grains are unaltered. Molybdenite occurs as fine-grained platy to flaky grains within quartz-K-feldspar vein and granitoid fragments. Chalcopyrite and rarely pyrrhotite occur as inclusions in pyrite. Trace fine-grained sphalerite occurs within granitoid chips and as liberated grains. Rare very fine grains of chalcopyrite (< 0.05 mm) occur in granitoid chips and as liberated grains. Red-brown Fe-ox occurs very rarely in the section as very fine-grained aggregates rimming a few carbonate grains.



A

B

K08-17-174-177: A & B) Representative chip of fine to medium-grained sericite-carbonate-clay altered biotite granitoid and abundant liberated grains. A) PPL, B) XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



C

D

K08-17-174-177: C) Representative chip of granitoid cut by carbonate veinlets and fracture infill. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm. D) Representative chips of fine to medium-grained quartz ± K-feldspar vein fragments. XPL, FOV =~ 4.5 mm.



E

F

K08-17-174-177: E) Colourless carbonate rimmed and partly replaced by red-brown Fe-ox aggregate. XPL. FOV =~ 0.4 mm. F) Very fine-grained Fe-ox as replacement of carbonate fragment rim. PPL. FOV = 0.3 mm.



G

H

K08-17-174-177: G) Very fine-grained brown carbonate aggregate as replacement of colourless carbonate. XPL. FOV =~ 1.3 mm. H) Anhedral pyrite and platy molybdenite in quartz-K-feldspar vein chip. RL. FOV =~ 2.6 mm.

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Appendix D: Procedures of Testing Methodologies Utilized