Appendix A · Web viewPoitou-Charentes 0.0195 30.0283 Aquitaine 0.0195 18.4948 Midi-Pyrénées 0.0195 27.8292 Limousin 0.0195 65.6357 Rhône-Alpes 0.0195 22.9301 Auvergne 0.0195 60.4698

EVALUATING THE TB HAZARD POSED TO CATTLE FROM WILDLIFE ACROSS EUROPE

Joanne L. Hardstaff, Glenn Marion, Michael R. Hutchings and Piran C.L. White

APPENDIX A

Distribution of wild species

1

Figure A1. The distribution of badgers (top left), fallow deer (top right), red deer (middle left), roe deer

(middle right), wild boar (bottom left). Black shows species presence, pale green species absence and blue

inadequate information.

2

APPENDIX B

The results of the sensitivity analyses using Latin hypercube sampling.

Table B. The sensitivity results from the LHS.Input into LHS

Lower bounds Upper bounds R2 R2 R2

Prev Density Overlap PrevDensity Overlap Country Species R2 GCV Overlap Density Prev

0 0 0 0.153 49.5 1 UK Badger 73.6 0.3325 23.5 24.6 25.7

0 0 0 0.185 6.42 1 Fallow deer 72.6 0.0082 24.3 23.8 24.1

0 0 0 0.015 30.5 1 Red deer 72.6 0.0012 24.7 24 24.5

0 0 0 0.015 28.5 1 Roe deer 73.5 0.0011 24.3 24.8 24.5

0 0 0 0.0001 0.312 1 Czech Badger 72.9 0.3303 24.4 24.1 23.9

0 0 0 0.0001 0.25 1 Fallow deer 100 0.0000 0.00929 100 100

0 0 0 0.0001 19.5 1 Red deer 72.8 0.0000 24.4 24.1 25.2

0 0 0 0.0001 25.5 1 Roe deer 73.1 0.0000 25.3 24.7 23.6

0 0 0 0.0001 0.56 1 Wild boar 75.3 0.0000 22.8 31.6 22.5

0 0 0 0.02 1.6 1 France Badger 72.8 0.3317 24 24.2 24.4

0 0 0 0.24 8 1 Red deer 73.6 0.0212 24.2 24.7 24.3

0 0 0 0.019 25 1 Roe deer 73.7 0.0013 23.8 23.1 27.2

0 0 0 0.42 10 1 Wild boar 73.1 0.1036 24.8 25 23.8

0 0 0 0.238 1 1 Spain Badger 73.1 0.3319 24.1 24.8 23.5

0 0 0 0.287 20 1 Fallow deer 72.8 0.1896 24.6 23.7 23.4

0 0 0 0.4 14 1 Red deer 72.5 0.1865 24.4 24.4 24.3

0 0 0 0.06 7.5 1 Roe deer 75.4 0.0012 22.6 23.6 32

0 0 0 1 10 1 Wild boar 73.2 0.5723 25.1 24.6 23.8

0 0 0 0.0001 5.9 1 Germany Badger 73 0.3299 24.6 24.4 24.5

0 0 0 0.0001 0.263 1 Fallow deer 100 0.0000 0.0026 100 100

0 0 0 0.0001 0.304 1 Red deer 73 0.0000 24.9 24.2 24.2

0 0 0 0.0001 9.5 1 Roe deer 73.3 0.0000 25.1 24.1 24

0 0 0 0.0001 5.13 1 Wild boar 73 0.0000 24 23.4 24.5

0 0 0 0.0001 0.015 1 Sweden Badger 73.5 0.0000 24.8 23.9 24.2

0 0 0 0.0001 0.1 1 Fallow deer 73.3 0.0000 25.1 24 24.1

0 0 0 0.0001 0.1 1 Red deer 0.016 0.0000 0.00851 0.0022 0.005

0 0 0 0.0001 14 1 Roe deer 72.8 0.0000 24.6 24.4 24.4

0 0 0 0.0001 1.33 1 Wild boar 75 0.0000 22.4 30.1 22.5

3

APPENDIX C

Information on literature used for species densities, distribution and TB prevalence. Question marks in

the tables indicate that a species is known to be present but we were unable to locate any relevant data.

Gaps in the tables indicate that there are no records relating to whether a species is present.

4

Table C1. Data used for badger densities and distribution across Europe

Badger densities Badger distribution

CountryDensities (km2) References

Max Density used References

Austria ? ? ? ?Belgium ? ? ? ?Bulgaria 2.67 Grigorov (1986) via wwf 2.67Croatia ? ? ? ?Czech Republic

0.118-0.312 Matyastik and Bicik (1999) 0.312

Denmark 1.5 Aaris-Sorensen (1995) 1.5Aaris-Sorensen et al. (1995)

Estonia ? ? ? ?Finland 0.26 Kauhala et al. (2006) 0.26 Kauhala et al. (2005)

France 0.36-0.48, 1.5-20

Rosalino et al. (2004), Ecologie Nature (2010) 1.6 ONCFS (2010)

Germany 5.9 Keuling et al. (2010) 5.9 ?Greece ? ? ? ?

Hungary 0.095-0.324 Kozak et al. (2006) 0.325 ?

Ireland1.9-35

Muldowney et al. (2003); Olea-Popelka et al. (2003)

Italy ~1 Remonti et al. (2006) 1.2Latvia ? ? ? ?Lithuania ? ? ? ?Macedonia (FYR) 0.028 Melovski (2008) 0.029Netherlands ? ? ? ?Norway 0.12-0.588 Broseth et al. (1997) 0.59Poland 0.15-2.11 Kowalczyk et al. (2003) 2.11Portugal 0.36-0.48 Rosalino et al. (2004) 0.48Romania 4; 10 Murariu (2003) and (2008) 10Slovakia ? ? ? ?Slovenia ? ? ? ?

Spain 0.2-1 Revilla and Palomares, (2002) 1

Sweden 0.015 Cederlund et al. (2004); Annual survey,2003/4;Tannerfeldt et al. (2004)

0.015

U.K. 4.9-49.5 Delahay et al. (2006); Palphramand et al.(2007) 25.3

5

Table C2. Data used for badger TB prevalence across EuropeBadger TB prevalenceCountry Prevalences

(%)References Max prevalence

used (proportion)Mode prevalence used (proportion)

Austria ? ? ? ?Belgium ? ? ? ?Bulgaria 0.0001 0.00005Croatia ? ? ? ?Czech Republic 0.0001 0.00005Denmark ? ? 0.0001 0.00005Estonia ? ? ?Finland 0.0001 0.00005France 1.8 Zanella et al. (2008) 0.018 0.005Germany 0.0001 0.00005Greece ? ? ? ?Hungary 0.0001 0.00005

Ireland 11-28.5Olea-Popelka et al. (2003) and (2006) 0.285 0.11

Italy 0.0001 0.00005Latvia ? ? ? ?Lithuania ? ? ? ?Macedonia (FYR) 0.0001 0.00005Netherlands ? ? ? ?Norway 0.0001 0.00005Poland 0.0001 0.00005Portugal 0.0001 0.00005Romania 0.0001 0.00005Slovakia ? ? ? ?Slovenia ? ? ? ?

Spain 7 or 16.7-23.8Martin-Atance, (2006) 0.238 0.07

Sweden 0.0001 0.00005

U.K.

6-15.3

Clifton-Hadley et al. (1993); Courteney et al. (2006) 0.153 0.06

6

Table C3. Data used for fallow deer densities and distributions across Europe

Fallow deer densities Fallow deer distribution

CountryDensities (km2) References

Max Density used References

Austria 1Reimoser and Reimoser (2010) 1

Reimoser and Reimoser (2010)

Belgium 0.0118Casear and Licoppe (2010) 0.12 Casear and Licoppe (2010)

Bulgaria 0.52Genov pers. comm (2010). 1

Croatia 0.039D. Konjevic pers. comm. (2010) 0.045 Kusak and Krapinec (2010)

Czech Republic 0.24

Bartos, Kottba and Pintir (2010) 0.25

Denmark 0.14Andersen and Hothe (2010) 0.14 Andersen and Hothe (2010)

Estonia ? ? ?

Finland 0.0018Ruusila and Kojola (2010) 0.0018 Ruusila and Kojola (2010)

France ? ? ? ?Germany 0.263 Schettler et al. (2006) 0.263

Greece 0.008 Papaioannou et al. (2010) 0.008

European ungulate management (2010); Tracje pers com (2010) about fallow deer being on the boarder between Albania and Greece.;Papaioannou (2010)

Hungary

5 in game forest(inc. arable)

Palotas et al. (1996) 5 Csanyi and Lehoczki (2010)

Ireland 78.23 McElligott et al. (2002) 14 www.irishdeersociety.ie

Italy9.9-14.2; 2.9->53.8;

Rossi et al. (1994); Focardi et al. (2002); Focardi et al. 2006

14.59 Apollonio et al. (2010)

Latvia ? ? ?Lithuania ? ? ?Macedonia (FYR) ? ? ? ?

Netherlands 0.0270Van Wierene and Groot Bruinderink (2010) 0.028

Van Wierene and Groot Bruinderink (2010)

Norway ? ? ?

Poland 3 Borkowski and Pudelko (2007) 4

Portugal 0.0053-0.0325 Vingada et al. (2010) 0.32 Vingada et al. (2010)

Romania 0.025 Micu et al. (2010) 0.025 Micu et al. (2010)

Slovakia 0.15Find’o and Skuban (2010) 0.15

Slovenia 2.2 Stergar M., pers. comm (2011) 2.2 Stergar M., pers. comm

(2011)

Spain 3-22; 28; 12.08;

Alvarez et al. (1988); Malo et al. (2000), Marco et al. (2002); Martin-Atance et al. (2006);

3 Carranza et al. (2010)

Sweden 27 on an Cederlund et al. (2004) ; 0.1 Libery et al. (2010)

7

island, mean in oskarshamn 0.1

Tannerfeldt et al. (2004)

U.K. 5.86 Ward (2005) 6.24 British Deer Society

8

Table C4. Data used for TB prevalence in fallow deer across EuropeFallow deer TB prevalence

CountryTB prevalence (%)

References Max Prevalence used

Mode Prevalence used

Austria 0.0001 0.00005Belgium ? ? ?Bulgaria 0.0001 0.00005Croatia 0.0001 0.00005Czech Republic 0.0001 0.00005Denmark 0.0001 0.00005Estonia 0.0001 0.00005Finland 0.0001 0.00005France 0.7 Zanella et al. (2008) n/a n/aGermany 0.0001 0.00005Greece 0.0001 0.00005Hungary 0.0001 0.00005Ireland 0.16 EFSA (2008) 0.16 0.005Italy 0.0001 0.387Latvia 0.0001 0.00005Lithuania 0.0001 0.00005Macedonia (FYR) ? ? ? ?

Netherlands 0.0001 0.00005Norway 0.0001 0.00005Poland 0.0001 0.00005Portugal 0.185 EFSA (2008) 0.0001 0.185Romania 0.0001 0.00005Slovakia 0.0001 0.00005Slovenia 0.0001 0.00005

Spain 18.5, 38.7 Gortazar et al. (2008), EFSA (2008) 0.0001 0.287

Sweden 0.0001 0.00005U.K. 1.02 Delahay et al. (2007) 0.0001 0.185

9

Table C5. Data used for red deer densities and distributions across EuropeRed deer densities Red deer distribution

Country Densities (km2) References Max density

used References

Austria 0.48;1Schdmitt (2002); Reimoser and Reimoser (2010)

1 Reimoser and Reimoser (2010)

Belgium 3; 0.593 (Wallonia)

Licoppe, (2003);Casear and Licoppe (2010)

3 Casear and Licoppe (2010)

Bulgaria 1.74 Genov pers. comm, (2010) 3

Croatia 0.21 D. Konjevic, pers. comm., (2010) 0.21 Kusak and Krapinec (2010)

Czech Republic

0.9(0.1-1.7)-2.1; 19.5 av, 1st winter 30, 2nd winter 9; 0.3

Homolka, (2003), Prokesova et al. 2006; European ungulate management (2010)

19.5 & 9 & 30

Denmark 0.35 Andersen and Hothe (2010) 0.35 Andersen and Hothe (2010)

Estonia 0.022-0.044 Balciauskas et al. (2010) 0.044 Balciauskas et al. (2010)

Finland ? ? ? ?

France

0.4-0.9 (vosges), 0.34-2.67, 7-10

ONCFS (2010) doc, Pichon et al. (1999); Richard, 2010,

8ONCFS (2010); Richomme et al. 2010, stated that red deer are on Corsica.

Germany 0.304 Schettler 0.304 Worschikowsky (2010)

Greece 0.008 Papaioannou (2010) 0.008IUCN red list, via largeherbivore.org.;Papaioannou (2010)

Hungary 0.125; 6 Palotas et al. , 1996; Biro, 2006 6 Csanyi and Lehoczki (2010)

Ireland 14 www.irishdeersociety.ie

Italy 2, 0.55-5.434, 2.7

Mattioli (2001); Apollonio, (2004); Ramazin et al. (2007)

5.434 Mattioli (2001)

Latvia 0.45 European ungulate management (2010) 0.45 Balciauskas et al. (2010)

Lithuania 0.208-0.258; 0.184

Balciauskas (2009); European ungulate management (2010)

0.26 Balciauskas et al. (2010)

Macedonia (FYR) ? ? ? European ungulate

management (2010)

Netherlands 2-3; 0.065 Kuiters (2005), 3 Van Wierene and Groot Bruinderink (2010)

Norway 0.4 European ungulate management (2010) 0.4 European ungulate

management (2010)

Poland

1.8-14.1; 2.86-8.58; 0.7-2.0-carpathians; up to 12.7;

Bobek (1984); Jedrzejewska et al. (1994); Jedrezjewski, (2002); Gula et al. (2006), European ungulate management (2010)

8.58

Portugal 0.7; 0.17-0.22

Bugalho et al. (2003); European ungulate management (2010)

2 Vingada et al. (2010)

10

Romania5-8; 5-38; 1.514; 5.838-0.058;

Murariu (2003), Cristescu et al. (2007) ; European ungulate management (2010)

8

Slovakia 0.775 Find’o and Skuban (2010) 0.78 European ungulate

management (2010)

Slovenia0.5-0.7/59.9, cull density up to 2.7;

European ungulate management (2010), Trdan et al. et al. (2008); Stergar M., pers. comm (2011)

8 Stergar M., pers. comm,2011

Spain 10-98; 14;

Malo et al. (2000); Gortazar et al. (2005); Santin-Duran et al. (2005);

14 Carranza J. (2010)

Sweden

0 to 0.01, mean in oskarshamm 0.1;0.02

Cederlund et al. (2004); Annual survey,2003/4; European ungulate density; Tannerfeldt et al. (2004)

0.1 Libery et al. (2010)

U.K. 7.57-30.5 Clutton-Brock, 1982; Ward (2005) 30.5 British Deer Society

11

Table C6. Data used for TB prevalence in red deer across Europe

Red deer TB prevalence




Austria 0.0001 0.00005Belgium 0.0001 0.00005Bulgaria 0.0001 0.00005Croatia 0.0001 0.00005Czech Republic 0.0001 0.00005

Denmark 0.0001 0.00005Estonia 0.0001 0.00005Finland ? ? ? ?

France 13-24, 21.8 Zanella et al. (2008); EFSA 2008 0.24 0.13

Germany 0.0001 0.00005Greece 0.0001 0.00005Hungary 5.88 Csivincsik(2010) 0.0588 0.0001Ireland 2.9 Quigley et al. (1997) 0.0001 2.9Italy 0.0001 0.00005

Latvia 0.0001 0.00005Lithuania 0.0001 0.00005Macedonia (FYR) ? ? ? ?

Netherlands 0.0001 0.00005Norway 0.0001 0.00005Poland 0.0001 0.00005

Portugal 14.1&19.6Direccao De Services Veterinaros De Regiao Alentejo (2010)

0.015 0.196

Romania 0.0001 0.00005Slovakia 0.0001 0.00005Slovenia 0.0001 0.00005

Spain 0-44; 0.1-2.91

Hermoso de Mendoza et al. (2006); Vicente et al. (2007); 0.0001 0.4

Sweden 0.0001 0.00005

U.K. 7.2-18.5, 4.3 Delahay et al. (2001) & (2007) 0.0001 0.015

12

Table C7. Data used for roe deer densities and distributions across Europe.Roe deer densities Roe deer distribution

Country Densities (km2) References Max Density used References

Austria 4 Reimoser and Reimoser (2010) 4 Reimoser and Reimoser

(2010)

Belgium 1.48 Flanders and 2.37 Wallonia

Casear and Licoppe (2010) 2.4 Casear and Licoppe

(2010)

Bulgaria 121,160 in 1992; 7;

wwf, Genov pers. comm. (2010) 8.5

Croatia 1.04 D. Konjevic, pers comm (2010) 1.05 Kusak and Krapinec

(2010)

Czech Republic

0.22(0.07-0.37)-0.5 (mountain) 18.4 av, 1st winter 25.5, 2nd winter 11.3; 3.7

Homolka, (2003); Prokesova et al. (2006); European ungulate management (2010)

25.5

Denmark 2.57 Andersen and Hothe (2010) 2.56 Andersen and Hothe

(2010)

Estonia 1.2;1.1Sumilo et al. (2008); European ungulate management (2010)


Finland 0.045-0.06 European ungulate management (2010) 0.06 Ruusila and Kojola

(2010)

France 3; 2-25; 0.9-4.8, 5-25; 8-10;

Vincente et al. (1995), ONC;Pichon et al. (1999); Pays et al.(2007)

5

Germany 7.6-9.5;5.8 Radeloff, 2000; Schettler, 2006 9.5

Greece

13.9;continental thrace,macedonia, epirus,thessaly=0.14-0.39 to 0.58-1.82; Epirius 1.81-2.22;

Tsaparis et al. (2008); Giannakopoulos -roe deer meeting;European ungulate management (2010)

13.9Giannakopoulos (2009);Papaioannou (2010)

Hungary

2-6 nationally, 6 in game forest(with arable included); 2.5; 2.4 to 4.6

Palotas et al. (1996), Biro, (2006); Kiraly (2007)

6 Csanyi and Lehoczki (2010)

Ireland N/A N/A N/A N/A

Italy 5-7; 8.5, 6.11, 12.2, 1.8 and 4.34

Focardi et al. (2002); Apollino (2004); Borger (2006); Ramazin et al. (2007); Rizzoli (2009)

12.4 Apollonio et al. (2010)

Latvia 2;2Sumilo et al. (2008); European ungulate management (2010)

2 Balciauskas et al. (2010)

Lithuania 1.3;0.686-1.06; 1.23

Sumilo et al. (2008); Balciauskas (2009); European ungulate management (2010)


Macedonia (FYR) 0.083333333 Melovski, 2008 0.083

Netherlands 1.43 Van Wierene and Groot Bruinderink (2010) 1.43 Van Wierene and Groot

Bruinderink (2010)

Norway 0.124-0.154 European ungulate management (2010) 0.154 Andersen

Poland 1.15-8.2; up to 20Jedrzejewski (2002); European mammal management

8.2

13

Portugal 0.033-0.054 Vingada et al. (2010) 0.7 Vingada et al. (2010)

Romania 10-15; 16; 0-5; 0.7; 1.09-0.34;

Murariu (2003) & (2008); Cristescu et al. (2007); European ungulate management (2010)

15.1

Slovakia 1.63-1.73 Find’o and Skuban (2010) 1.73

Slovenia 1.73-2.22; 3-6/52.247

Pokorny, RoeDeerConference; European ungulate management (2010),Stergar M., pers com,2011

6.1 Stergar M., pers com,2011

Spain 3; 7.5; 4.29-23.6; 2-18;

Herrero,99, Saez-Royez and tellaria1991 via Acevedo,2005, Mateos-Quesada, 2005;Aragon 1995.

7.5

Sweden

14; 4.8-9.36; mean in oskarshamn 5;0.27,0.01-3.5;

Cederlund et al. (2004); Kjellander et al. (2004); Annual survey,2003/4; European ungulate management (2010); Tannerfeldt et al. (2004) Wiken-Ros (2009);

14 Libery et al. (2010)

U.K. 7.2; 16.55; 28.2;Chapman et al. (1993); Hemami (2005); Ward et al. (2005)

28.2 British Deer Society

14

Table C8. Data used for TB prevalence in roe deer across Europe

Roe deer TB prevalence




Austria 0.0001 0.00005Belgium 0.0001 0.00005Bulgaria 0.0001 0.00005Croatia 0.0001 0.00005Czech Republic 0.0001 0.00005

Denmark 0.0001 0.00005Estonia 0.0001 0.00005Finland 0.0001 0.00005France 1.89 Zanella et al. (2008) 0.019 0.005Germany 0.0001 0.00005Greece 0.0001 0.00005Hungary 0.0001 0.00005Ireland N/A N/A N/A N/AItaly 2.27 Balseiro et al. (2009) 2.27 0.005Latvia 0.0001 0.00005Lithuania 0.0001 0.00005Macedonia (FYR) 0.0001 0.00005Netherlands 0.0001 0.00005Norway 0.0001 0.00005Poland 0.0001 0.00005Portugal 0.0001 0.00005Romania 0.0001 0.00005Slovakia 0.0001 0.00005Slovenia 0.0001 0.00005Spain 0.60 Balseiro et al. (2009) 0.06 0.006Sweden 0.0001 0.00005U.K. 1.02 Delahay et al. (2007) 0.015 0.006

15

Table C9. Data used for wild boar densities and distributions across Europe

Wild boar densities Wild boar distribution

Country Densities (km2) References Max Density

used References

Austria 4 Reimoser and Reimoser (2010) 4 Reimoser and

Reimoser (2010)

Belgium 1.246 Casear and Licoppe (2010) 1.25 Casear and Licoppe (2010)

Bulgaria 6.35 Genov pers. comm. (2010) 7.5

Croatia 0.34 Konjevic D., pers. comm. 2010. 0.342 Kusak and Krapinec

(2010)

Czech Republic 0.56 Bartos et al. (2010) 0.56

Denmark ? ? ?

Estonia 0.45;0.154Sumilo et al. (2008); European ungulate management (2010)


Finland 1.33 (Sweden) 1.33 Ruusila and Kojola (2010)

France 0.6-2.9, 0.03 - 4.77

Dardaillon et al. (1986);ONCFS (2010) 10

Germany 5.13 minimum; Keuling et al. (2008) 5.13

Greece

mean0.98+-0.21, (range 3.14-0.13), Epirius-2.44-3.21

Tscachalidis et al. (2009); European ungulate management (2010)

3.21 Tsachalidis et al. and Hadjisterkotis (2009)

Hungary

2.91 in game forest(with arable included)

Palotas et al. (1996) 2.91 Csanyi and Lehoczki (2010)

Ireland N/A N/A N/A N/A

Italy 3-18; 3.9-23.6; 3.6;

Mattioli (1995); Massei et al. (1998); Focardi (2002); 23.91

Kept in Italy due to Torina et al. (2008) referring to Boar on Sicily. Apollonio et al. (2010)

Latvia 0.75;0.263Sumilo et al. (2008); European ungulate management (2010)


Lithuania 0.45, 0.3-0.38;0.199

Sumilo et al. (2008); Balciauskas (2009); European ungulate management (2010)


Macedonia (FYR) 0.108796296 Melovski (2008) 1.09

Netherlands 2; 0.055 Kuiters (2005); European ungulate management (2010) 2

Van Wierene and Groot Bruinderink (2010)

Norway ? ? ? ?

Poland0.18-5.9;, 2.09-6.78; up to 17.9

Jedrzejewska et al. (1994), Jedredjewski et al. (2002); European ungulate management (2010); Gulaet al. (2006)

6.78

Portugal at least 7.6; 0.0868

Braga (2010); European ungulate management (2010) 7.6 Vingada et al. (2010)

Romania 10-20; 9-74; 0.237, 0.5-0.07

Cristescu et al. (2007); European ungulate management (2010) Murariu

20.1

16

(2008);Slovakia 0.587 Find’o and Skuban (2010) 0.59

Slovenia min=0.36/35.67

European ungulate management (2010)/Stergar M., pers com,2011

2.9 Stergar M., pers. comm. (2011)

Spain 0.5-48 Martin-Atance et al. (2006); Mendoza et al. (2006) 10 Carranza J. (2010)

Sweden

60000=1.33; forsmark 0.01;0.26 simpevarp and 0.12 Blankaholm;0.09

Annual survey,2003/4; European ungulate management (2010); Cederlund et al. (2004); Tannerfeldt et al. (2004); Rosvold and Andersen (2008);

1.33 Libery et al. (2010)

U.K. ? ? ? ?

17

Table C10. Data used for TB prevalence in wild boar across EuropeWild boar TB prevalence

Country TB prevalence (%) References Max Prevalence

usedMode Prevalence used

Austria 0.0001 0.00005Belgium 0.0001 0.00005Bulgaria 1.75 Bachvarova et al. (1995) 0.0175 0.0001Croatia 0.0001 0.00005Czech Republic 0.0001 0.00005Denmark 0.0001 0.00005Estonia 0.0001 0.00005Finland 0.0001 0.00005

France 29-42, 31.7 Zanella et al. (2008), EFSA (2008) 0.42 0.29

Germany 0.0001 0.00005Greece 0.0001 0.00005Hungary 0.0001 0.00005Ireland N/A N/A 0.0001 0.00005

Italy3.3 (1991-1992), 4.25-27, 23.8

Serraino (1999); EFSA (2008); 0.27 0.033

Latvia 0.0001 0.00005Lithuania 0.0001 0.00005Macedonia (FYR) 0.0001 0.00005

Netherlands 0.0001 0.00005Norway ? ? 0.0001 0.00005Poland 0.0001 0.00005

Portugal 10.8(6.9-16.4);34& 39

Direccao De Services Veterinaros De Regiao Alentejo (2010); Santos et al. (2010)

0.39 0.32

Romania 0.0001 0.00005Slovakia 0.0001 0.00005Slovenia 0.0001 0.00005

Spain 0-100, 23.95, 1.1-7.7

Hermoso de Mendoza et al. (2006); Vicente et al. (2007); EFSA (2008);

1 0.24

Sweden 0.0001 0.00005U.K. ? ? 0.0001 0.00005

18

Table C11. Data used for TB prevalence and density of cattle across Europe

Countries Regions of countries Cattle TB prevalence (%) Cattle Density

Belgium Antwerp 0.0224 110.2797Limburg 0.0224 55.9238East Flanders 0.0224 108.7525Flemish Brabant 0.0224 51.4720West Flanders 0.0224 130.9788Walloon Brabant 0.0224 51.7841Hainaut 0.0224 88.7105Liège 0.0224 72.2425Luxembourg 0.0224 83.3671Namur 0.0224 71.5066

Bulgaria Vidin 0.0000 4.6138Vratsa 0.0000 4.6138Montana 0.0000 4.6138Lovech 0.0000 4.6138Pleven 0.0000 4.6138Ruse 0.0000 6.0373Veliko Tarnov 0.0000 6.0373Gabrovo 0.0000 6.0373Razgrad 0.0000 6.0373Targovishte 0.0000 6.0373Silistra 0.0000 6.3215Dobrich 0.0000 6.3215Varna 0.0000 6.3215Shumen 0.0000 6.3215Burgas 0.0000 4.8486Yambol 0.0000 4.8486Sliven 0.0000 4.8486Stara Zagora 0.0000 4.8486Sofia 0.0000 3.6101Grad Sofiya 0.0000 3.6101Kyustendil 0.0000 3.6101Pernik 0.0000 3.6101Blagoevgrad 0.0000 3.6101Plovdiv 0.0000 7.6954Kardzhali 0.0000 7.6954Haskovo 0.0000 7.6954Pazardzhik 0.0000 7.6954Smolyan 0.0000 7.6954

Czech Republic Praha 0.0000 2.0161

Stredoceský 0.0000 13.3908Jihozápad 0.0000 20.2759Plzenský 0.0000 20.2759Karlovarský 0.0000 8.6600Ústecký 0.0000 8.6600Liberecký 0.0000 21.2701Pardubický 0.0000 21.2701Královéhradecký 0.0000 21.2701Jihoceský 0.0000 19.5854Vysocina 0.0000 19.5854Olomoucký 0.0000 16.6721

19

Zlínský 0.0000 16.6721Moravskoslezský 0.0000 14.8871

Denmark Frederiksborg 0.0000 12.1046Bornholm 0.0000 12.1046Copenhagen 0.0000 12.1046Storstrøm 0.0000 11.9621Vestsjælland 0.0000 11.9621Roskilde 0.0000 11.9621Vejle 0.0000 50.3650Ribe 0.0000 50.3650Fyn 0.0000 50.3650South Jutland 0.0000 50.3650Viborg 0.0000 38.7308Ringkøbing 0.0000 38.7308Århus 0.0000 38.7308North Jutland 0.0000 47.9374

Germany Baden-Württemberg 0.2687 29.3186Bayern 0.2687 48.5982Berlin 0.2687 0.6726Brandenburg 0.2687 19.9803Bremen 0.2687 26.7327Hamburg 0.2687 8.6093Hessen 0.2687 23.3436Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 0.2687 24.3874Niedersachsen 0.2687 54.0358Nordrhein-Westfalen 0.2687 41.6987Rheinland-Pfalz 0.2687 19.7250Saarland 0.2687 21.0977Sachsen 0.2687 27.3784Sachsen-Anhalt 0.2687 17.1304Schleswig-Holstein 0.2687 74.7895Thüringen 0.2687 21.7104Estonia 0.0000 5.1959

Ireland Donegal 0.4939 70.2899Mayo 0.4939 70.2899Leitrim 0.4939 70.2899Sligo 0.4939 70.2899Monaghan 0.4939 70.2899Cavan 0.4939 70.2899Roscommon 0.4939 70.2899Galway 0.4939 70.2899Louth 0.4939 70.2899Longford 0.4939 70.2899Westmeath 0.4939 70.2899Offaly 0.4939 70.2899Laoighis 0.4939 70.2899Meath 0.4939 98.4408Wicklow 0.4939 98.4408Kerry 0.4939 98.4408Limerick 0.4939 98.4408Tipperary 0.4939 98.4408Kilkenny 0.4939 98.4408Carlow 0.4939 98.4408Cork 0.4939 98.4408

20

Wexford 0.4939 98.4408Waterford 0.4939 98.4408Kildare 0.4939 98.4408Clare 0.4939 98.4408Dublin 0.4939 98.4408

Greece Anatoliki Makedonia kai T 0.7139 7.5087Kentriki Makedonia 0.7139 9.6008Dytiki Makedonia 0.7139 4.7826Thessalia 0.7139 7.3235Stereá Elláda 0.7139 10.4894Ipeiros 0.7139 6.0741Ionioi Nisoi 0.7139 2.7308Dytiki Ellada 0.7139 5.3100Peloponnisos 0.7139 1.0717Attiki 0.7139 1.1029Voreio Aigaio 0.7139 1.8918Notio Aigaio 0.7139 5.3180Kriti 0.7139 0.2422

Spain Galicia 0.0257 32.7923Principado de Asturias 0.0435 37.2690Cantabria 0.4511 53.1103País Vasco 0.0342 20.9842Comunidad Foral de Navarr 0.3015 10.3455La Rioja 0.1171 6.9574Aragón 0.1852 5.7336Comunidad de Madrid 0.5908 13.9761Castilla y León 0.4380 12.7357Castilla-la Mancha 1.9560 5.8122Extremadura 0.4670 16.9501Cataluña 0.0754 17.1794Comunidad Valenciana 0.2484 2.3694Islas Baleares 0.0000 5.2484Andalucía 1.2496 6.8547Región de Murcia 0.1945 5.0473Islas Canarias 0.4977 2.3768

France Île-de-France 0.0195 2.4975Champagne-Ardenne 0.0195 23.7444Picardie 0.0195 27.3210Haute-Normandie 0.0195 50.7429Basse-Normandie 0.0195 93.2969Bourgogne 0.0195 41.2577Nord-Pas-de-Calais 0.0195 54.3829Lorraine 0.0195 40.4298Alsace 0.0195 19.8068Franche-Comté 0.0195 37.2176Pays de la Loire 0.0195 81.0112Bretagne 0.0195 74.4607Poitou-Charentes 0.0195 30.0283Aquitaine 0.0195 18.4948Midi-Pyrénées 0.0195 27.8292Limousin 0.0195 65.6357Rhône-Alpes 0.0195 22.9301Auvergne 0.0195 60.4698Languedoc-Roussillon 0.0195 8.8980

21

Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azu 0.0195 2.1338Corse 0.0195 7.8341

Italy Piemonte 0.0948 31.2965Valle d'Aosta 0.2056 12.5345Liguria 0.2985 3.2835Lombardia 0.0000 69.6366Provincia Autonoma Bolzano-Bozen 0.0000 20.3649

Trentino-Alto Adige 0.0561 3.7701Veneto 0.0000 50.5573Friuli-Venezia Giulia 0.0557 13.2018Emilia-Romagna 0.0008 28.0645Toscana 0.0038 4.5876Umbria 0.0000 7.3084Marche 0.1668 7.4995Lazio 0.1432 14.3314Abruzzo 0.0022 7.6617Molise 0.0023 12.7084Campania 0.1103 15.4321Apulia 0.1968 8.3153Basilicata 0.1116 8.0464Calabria 0.4300 7.1021Sicily 1.1038 11.5178Sardegna 0.0640 10.4234Cyprus 0.0000 6.0121Latvia 0.0000 5.8555Lithuania 0.0000 759.4000Luxembourg (Grand-Duché) 0.0000 75.8970

Hungary Budapest 0.0000 8.2382Pest 0.0155 8.2382Komárom-Esztergom 0.0251 7.5643Fejér 0.0219 7.5643Veszprém 0.0000 7.5643Gyor-Moson-Sopron 0.0000 9.2783Vas 0.0000 9.2783Zala 0.0000 9.2783Tolna 0.0000 5.2932Baranya 0.0041 5.2932Somogy 0.0084 5.2932Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 0.0000 4.9896Heves 0.0000 4.9896Nógrád 0.0000 4.9896Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 0.0000 9.5780Hajdú-Bihar 0.0000 9.5780Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 0.0000 9.5780Bács-Kiskun 0.0019 7.7431Csongrád 0.0000 7.7431Békés 0.0000 7.7431Malta 0.0000 51.5823

Netherlands Groningen 0.0004 84.1563Friesland 0.0004 163.0337Drenthe 0.0004 84.4058Overijssel 0.0004 192.0649Gelderland 0.0004 183.3166

22

Flevoland 0.0004 44.3975Utrecht 0.0004 147.9076Noord-Holland 0.0004 59.5506Zuid-Holland 0.0004 68.8432Zeeland 0.0004 29.0828Noord-Brabant 0.0004 134.9868Limburg 0.0004 67.3479

Austria Burgenland 0.1038 5.5472Niederösterreich 0.1038 23.8344Wien 0.1038 0.2528Kärnten 0.1038 20.8684Steiermark 0.1038 20.9492Oberösterreich 0.1038 48.9816Salzburg 0.1038 23.2457Tirol 0.1038 14.6743Vorarlberg 0.1038 25.3749

Poland Lódz 0.0042 26.2309Masovian 0.0360 27.6422Lesser Poland 0.0175 12.4106Silesian 0.0158 9.8015Lublin 0.0008 14.7007Subcarpathian 0.0000 6.3259Swietokrzyskie 0.0457 14.1278Podlachian 0.0000 45.8050Greater Poland 0.0050 27.3188West Pomeranian 0.0062 3.9823Lubusz 0.0000 4.2047Lower Silesian 0.0104 4.9581Opole 0.0000 12.9091Kuyavian-Pomeranian 0.0000 26.6170Warmian-Masurian 0.0026 17.0606Pomeranian 0.0033 9.4135

Portugal Viana do Castelo 0.0340 15.1753Braga 0.0340 15.1753Vila Real 0.0340 15.1753Bragança 0.0340 15.1753Porto 0.0340 15.1753Faro 0.0340 1.6445Aveiro 0.0340 7.8941Viseu 0.0340 7.8941Guarda 0.0340 7.8941Coimbra 0.0340 7.8941Castelo Branco 0.0340 7.8941Leiria 0.0340 7.8941Lisboa 0.0340 16.9358Beja 0.0340 18.0470Santarém 0.0340 18.0470Portalegre 0.0340 18.0470Évora 0.0340 18.0470Setúbal 0.0340 18.0470Região Autónoma dos Açores (PT) 0.0000 104.4757Região Autónoma da Madeira (PT) 0.0000 6.3670

Romania Maramures 0.0034 11.8563Satu Mare 0.0034 11.8563

23

Bistrita-Nasaud 0.0034 11.8563Cluj 0.0034 11.8563Bihor 0.0034 11.8563Salaj 0.0034 11.8563Alba 0.0034 10.5718Harghita 0.0034 10.5718Mures 0.0034 10.5718Sibiu 0.0034 10.5718Brasov 0.0034 10.5718Covasna 0.0034 10.5718Bacau 0.0034 17.6662Botosani 0.0034 17.6662Suceava 0.0034 17.6662Iasi 0.0034 17.6662Neamt 0.0034 17.6662Vaslui 0.0034 17.6662Constanta 0.0034 8.1679Galati 0.0034 8.1679Vrancea 0.0034 8.1679Buzau 0.0034 8.1679Braila 0.0034 8.1679Tulcea 0.0034 8.1679Ialomita 0.0034 9.9191Calarasi 0.0034 9.9191Dâmbovita 0.0034 9.9191Arges 0.0034 9.9191Prahova 0.0034 9.9191Giurgiu 0.0034 9.9191Teleorman 0.0034 9.9191Bucuresti - Ilfov 0.0034 9.5003Vâlcea 0.0034 8.8799Gorj 0.0034 8.8799Mehedinti 0.0034 8.8799Olt 0.0034 8.8799Dolj 0.0034 8.8799Timis 0.0034 5.7731Arad 0.0034 5.7731Hunedoara 0.0034 5.7731Caras-Severin 0.0034 5.7731

Slovenija Koroška 0.0000 26.0563Pomurska 0.0000 26.0563Podravska 0.0000 26.0563Savinjska 0.0000 26.0563Zasavska 0.0000 26.0563Spodnjeposavska 0.0000 26.0563Jugovzhodna Slovenija 0.0000 26.0563Notranjsko-kraška 0.0000 26.0563Obalno-kraška 0.0000 18.8190Goriška 0.0000 18.8190Osrednjeslovenska 0.0000 18.8190Gorenjska 0.0000 18.8190

Slovakia Bratislavský 0.0000 36.4130Trenciansky 0.0000 34.3521Trnavský 0.0000 34.3521

24

Žilinský 0.0000 34.3521Nitriansky 0.0000 7.8634Banskobystrický 0.0000 7.8634Košický 0.0000 19.9936Prešov 0.0000 19.9936

Finland Eastern Finland 0.0000 4.0366Southern Finland 0.0000 2.6219Western Finland 0.0000 3.5567Lapland 0.0000 1.3997Oulu 0.0000 1.3997Åland 0.0000 4.7036

Sweden Stockholm 0.0000 3.0826Uppsala 0.0000 6.6479Orebro 0.0000 6.6479Södermanland 0.0000 6.6479Västra Götaland 0.0000 6.6479Östergötland 0.0000 6.6479Kronoberg 0.0000 11.8096Jönköping 0.0000 11.8096Gotland 0.0000 11.8096Kalmar 0.0000 11.8096Blekinge 0.0000 16.3660Skåne 0.0000 16.3660Västra Götaland 0.0000 11.5820Halland 0.0000 11.5820Gävleborg 0.0000 1.9010Dalarna 0.0000 1.9010Värmland 0.0000 1.9010Jämtland 0.0000 0.8521Västernorrland 0.0000 0.8521Norrbotten 0.0000 0.3979Västerbotten 0.0000 0.3979

UK: England Darlington 0.0051 31.5410Stockton-on-Tees 0.0051 31.5410Redcar and Cleveland 0.0051 31.5410Durham 0.0074 31.5410Tyne and Wear 0.0000 31.5410Northumberland 0.0000 31.5410Cheshire 0.0990 67.2785Merseyside 0.0000 67.2785Halton 0.0990 67.2785Warrington 0.0000 67.2785Manchester 0.0000 67.2785Lancashire 0.0033 67.2785Cumbria 0.0095 67.2785North East Lincolnshire 0.0080 36.5759South Yorkshire 0.0278 36.5759North Lincolnshire 0.0080 36.5759North Yorkshire 0.0051 36.5759West Yorkshire 0.0085 36.5759East Riding of Yorkshire 0.0327 36.5759Northamptonshire 0.0714 38.2959Rutland 0.0714 38.2959Derbyshire 0.1078 38.2959

25

Leicestershire 0.0299 38.2959Nottinghamshire 0.1037 38.2959Lincolnshire 0.0080 38.2959Staffordshire 0.2153 39.4351West Midlands 0.0163 39.4351Warwickshire 0.2082 39.4351Herefordshire 0.4634 39.4351Worcestershire 0.4634 39.4351Shropshire 0.2035 39.4351Hertfordshire 0.0000 10.7741Essex 0.0000 10.7741Milton Keynes 0.0000 10.7741Norfolk 0.0866 10.7741Bedfordshire 0.0000 10.7741Suffolk 0.0000 10.7741Cambridgeshire 0.0000 10.7741Harrow 0.0000 0.0000Berkshire 0.0233 23.1986Westminster 0.0000 0.0000Enfield 0.0000 23.1986Merton 0.0000 0.0000Hackney 0.0000 0.0000Havering 0.0000 23.1986Kent 0.0000 23.1986Hampshire 0.0304 23.1986Richmond upon Thames 0.0000 0.0000Bromley 0.0000 0.0000Surrey 0.0000 23.1986Sutton 0.0000 0.0000Croydon 0.0000 0.0000West Sussex 0.1346 23.1986Southampton 0.0304 23.1986East Sussex 0.0386 23.1986Poole 0.0926 23.1986Portsmouth 0.0000 23.1986Isle of Wight 0.0000 23.1986Oxfordshire 0.2096 23.1986Buckinghamshire 0.0414 23.1986Gloucestershire 0.4674 74.5310Bristol 0.0000 0.0000South Gloucestershire 0.4674 74.5310Wiltshire 0.2519 74.5310North Somerset 0.1605 74.5310Bath and North East Somer 0.1605 74.5310Devon 0.2501 74.5310Somerset 0.1605 74.5310Cornwall 0.2461 74.5310Dorset 0.0926 74.5310

UK: Wales Anglesey 0.0046 53.7562Conwy 0.0046 53.7562Denbighshire 0.0545 53.7562Flintshire 0.0545 53.7562Gwynedd 0.0046 53.7562Wrexham 0.0545 53.7562

26

Powys 0.1958 53.7562Ceredigion 0.2951 53.7562Pembrokeshire 0.2951 53.7562Carmarthenshire 0.2951 53.7562Monmouthshire 0.2188 53.7562Swansea 0.2514 53.7562Neath Port Talbot 0.2514 53.7562Rhondda, Cynon, Taff 0.0291 53.7562Merthyr Tydfil 0.0291 53.7562Blaenau Gwent 0.2188 53.7562Torfaen 0.2188 53.7562Caerphilly 0.2188 53.7562Newport 0.2188 53.7562Bridgend 0.0291 53.7562Vale of Glamorgan 0.0000 53.7562Cardiff 0.0000 53.7562

UK: Scotland Shetland Islands 0.0000 22.4064Orkney Islands 0.0000 22.4064Eilean Siar 0.0000 22.4064Highland 0.0172 22.4064Moray 0.0000 22.4064Aberdeenshire 0.0116 22.4064Argyll and Bute 0.0250 22.4064Perthshire and Kinross 0.0000 22.4064Angus 0.0616 22.4064Stirling 0.0000 22.4064Fife 0.0000 22.4064West Dunbartonshire 0.0000 22.4064Inverclyde 0.0250 22.4064North Ayshire 0.0101 22.4064East Dunbartonshire 0.0000 22.4064Falkirk 0.0000 22.4064East Lothian 0.0000 22.4064Renfrewshire 0.0310 22.4064Glasgow 0.0000 22.4064North Lanarkshire 0.0000 22.4064West Lothian 0.0000 22.4064Edinburgh 0.0000 22.4064East Ayrshire 0.0101 22.4064East Renfrewshire 0.0310 22.4064South Lanarkshire 0.0000 22.4064Midlothian 0.0000 22.4064Scottish Borders 0.0081 22.4064South Ayrshire 0.0101 22.4064Dumfries and Galloway 0.0046 22.4064

UK: Northern Ireland 0.0619 112.2589

27

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APPENDIX D

Table of land class categories for species within the study

Table D. Categorisation of relative species densities in different habitats, relative to the maximum density

value from the literature (see Appendix Tables A3, A5, A7, A9, A11 and A12 for details for each species).

Category 5, ≥ 90% of maximum density value; category 4, 70-89%; category 3, 50-69%; category 2, 30-

49%; category 1, 10-29%; category 0, <10%.

Habitats\Species Badgers (M. meles)

Fallow Deer (D. dama)

Red Deer (C. elaphus)

Roe Deer (C. capreolus)

Wild Boar (S. scrofa)

Cow (B. taurus)

Agro-forestry areas 5 5 5 5 5 0Annual crops associated with permanent crops

1 3 2 3 3 0

Broad-leaved forest 5 5 5 5 5 0Complex cultivation patterns

3 3 2 3 3 0

Coniferous forest 4 2 4 4 4 0Fruit trees and berry plantations

3 2 1 2 3 0

Green urban areas 3 0 0 1 0 0Inland marshes 1 1 1 1 1 0Land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation

5 5 5 5 5 0

Mixed forest 5 5 5 5 5 0Moors and heathland 1 1 3 1 1 0Natural grasslands 4 4 4 4 4 5Non-irrigated arable land 3 3 2 3 3 0Olive groves 3 2 1 2 2 0Pasture 5 5 3 2 3 5Peat bogs 1 1 3 1 1 0Permanently irrigated land

3 3 2 3 3 0

Sclerophyllous vegetation

3 2 3 2 3 5

Transitional woodland-shrub

5 5 5 4 4 0

Vineyards 2 2 2 2 2 0

44

Documents

Appendix A · Web viewPoitou-Charentes 0.0195 30.0283 Aquitaine 0.0195 18.4948 Midi-Pyrénées 0.0195 27.8292 Limousin 0.0195 65.6357 Rhône-Alpes 0.0195 22.9301 Auvergne 0.0195 60.4698