Appendices to GPRO Adaptive Restoration Plan

Contents: Appendix 1: Plant list Appendix 2: Elevation maps Appendix 3: Vegetation sample-points map Appendix 4: Target species presence/absence maps Appendix 5: Undesirable species presence/absence maps Appendix 6: Selected species abundance maps

Appendix 1: Plant list for all taxa encountered in GPNM meadow, compiled by Deb Pomroy, summer 2009.

Family Scientific Name Common Name Ojibwe Name

Aceraceae Acer spicatum Moose maple Zhaashaagobiimag Apiaceae Carum carvi Caraway Apiaceae Heracleum lanatum Cow parsnip Bibigwewanashk Apiaceae Sanicula marilandica Black snakeroot Ginebigojjibik Asteraceae Achillea millefolium Common yarrow Ajidamoowaanow Asteraceae Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlasting Waabigwan Asteraceae Cirsium arvense Creeping thistle Mazaanashk Asteraceae Cirsium cf. muticum Swamp thistle Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Gichi-mazaanashk Asteraceae Doelleringia umbellata White flat-top aster Asteraceae Eupatorium maculatum Joe-pye-weed Me'skwana'kuk

bu'giso'win Asteraceae Eurybia macrophylla Large-leaf aster Migiziibag Asteraceae Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke A'skibwan' Asteraceae Hieraceum aurantiacum Orange hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium cf. scabriusculum Yellow hawkweed Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye daisy Asteraceae Prenanthes alba Lion's-foot Doodooshaaboojiibik Asteraceae Senecio sp. Ragwort groundsel Asteraceae Solidago cf. canadensis Canada goldenrod Ajidamoowaanow Asteraceae Solidago gigantea Giant goldenrod Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis Field sowthistle Asteraceae Symphyotrichum sp. Aster Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare Common tansy Oshkinigikwe-aniibiish Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion Doodooshaaboojiibik Balsamaceae Impatiens biflora Jewelweed Ozaawashkojiibik Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Tag alder Wadoop Betulaceae Alnus viridus Green alder Betulaceae Betula papyrifera Paper birch Wiigwaasaatig Boraginaceae Mertensia paniculata Northern lungwort

Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera Northern bush-honeysuckle

Osawa'skanet

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium vulgare Chickweed Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia Bladder campion Caryophyllaceae Stellaria cf. longifolia Longleaf starwort Cornaceae Cornus rugosa Round-leaf dogwood Cornaceae Cornus sericea Red-osier dogwood Miskwabbiimizh Cyperaceae Carex aurea Golden sedge Cyperaceae Carex cf. rostrata a sedge Cyperaceae Carex cf. scoparia Broom sedge Cyperaceae Carex gracillima Graceful sedge Cyperaceae Carex intumescens Bladder sedge Cyperaceae Carex sp. a sedge Cyperaceae Carex stipata Sawbeak sedge Cyperaceae Carex stricta Tussock sedge Cyperaceae Eleocharis sp. Spikerush Cyperaceae Scirpus atrovirens Green bulrush Dryopteridaceae Athyrium angustum Lady fern A'sawan Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Field horsetail Giji'binusk Fabaceae Lathyrus ochroleucus Pale vetch Bagwajipiniig Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus Bird-foot trefoil Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Hybrid clover Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red clover Fabaceae Vicia americana American vetch Fabaceae Vicia cracca Cow vetch Gentianaceae Halenia deflexa Spurred gentian Grossulariaceae Ribes oxyacanthoides Northern gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes triste Red swamp currant Miishijiiminagaawanzh Iridaceae Iris versicolor Blueflag iris Nabagashk Iridaceae Sisyrinchium montanum Montane blue-eyed grass Naubishkaukoot Juncaceae Juncus sp. a rush Lamiaceae Galeopsis tetrahit Dead nettle Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis Wild mint Aandegobagoons Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris Heals-all Namewashkoons Liliaceae Maianthemum canadense False lily-of-the-valley Agongosimin Liliaceae Trillium cernuum Nodding trillium Ini'niwin'dibige'gun? Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra Black ash Wiisagaak Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed Ozhaashijiibik Onagraceae Epilobium sp. Willow-herb Onagraceae Oenothera cf. parviflora Primrose Orchidaceae Platanthera hyperborea Northern bog orchid Pinaceae Abies balsamea Balsam fir Ininaandag Pinaceae Picea glauca White spruce Gaawaandag Plantaginaceae Plantago major Common plantain Ginebigwashk Poaceae Agropyron cf. repens Wheat grass Poaceae Bromus inermis Smooth bromegrass Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis Canada bluegrass Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Poaceae Hierochloe hirta Sweetgrass Wiishkobi-mashkosi Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed-canary grass

Poaceae Phleum pratense Timothy grass Poaceae Poa pratensis Speargrass Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella Red sheep sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex cf. crispus Curly dock Ginoozhewashk Ranunculaceae Actaea sp. Baneberry Wiishkbobijiibik Ranunculaceae Aralia nudicaulis Sarsaparilla Waaboozojiibik Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris Marsh marigold Ogitebag Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris Tall field buttercup Ranunculaceae Thalictrum dasycarpum Purple meadow rue Rosaceae Agrimonia striata Agrimony Rosaceae Amelanchier cf. sanguinea Juneberry Rosaceae Amelanchier sp. Juneberry Rosaceae Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Midewijiibik Rosaceae Crataegus cf. macrantha a hawthorn Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana Common strawberry Ode'iminijiibik Rosaceae Geum macrophyllum Large-leaf avens Wica'wasa'konek Rosaceae Potentilla recta Cinquefoil Rosaceae Prunus pensylvanica Pin cherry Bawa'iminaan Rosaceae Rosa cf. blanda Smooth rose or a hybrid Oginiiminagaawanzh Rosaceae Rubus ideaus ssp. Strigosus American red raspberry Miskominagaawanzh Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Rosaceae Rubus pubescens Dewberry Skizgoomin Rosaceae Spiraea alba Spiraea Waabashkikiibag Rubiaceae Galium cf. triflorum Three-flowered bedstraw Salicaceae Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen Azaadi Salicaceae Salix bebbiana Bebb's willow Salicaceae Salix humilis Prairie willow Salicaceae Salix planifolia Planeleaf willow Urticaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Mazaanaatig Violaceae Viola sp. Violet

Appendix 2: Elevation maps

Map of elevation classes based on a natural-neighbors interpolation from the points shown, performed with ArcMap GIS software. Elevation classes were forced into the same breaks used in Figure 1 of Part 2 (main report file) but here the vertical precision of each point is shown with data labels.

Elevation (m) shown as a continuous surface; again, based on natural-neighbors interpolation from the points shown, performed with ArcMap GIS software.

Appendix 3: Vegetation sample-points map

Vegetation sample-points from the summer 2009 survey, with their GPS point name as data labels.

Appendix 4: Target species presence/absence maps. Yellow = present, purple = absent.

Sweetgrass (Hierochloe hirta = odorata) was rarely sampled, but also occurred sporadically outside sampling plots near 15, 115 and 15, 125 and along the road just south of the site.

Sunchoke (Jeruselum artichoke; Helianthus tuberosa) was rare. The more substantial patch occurred at the 105, 25 location marked in the lower left above.

Caraway (Carum carvi) was widespread, suggesting no need for assisted restoration.

Greene’s rush (Juncus greenei) was fairly infrequent but was abundant in the northern, higher-elevation portion of the site.

Green bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) overlapped with sweetgrass twice within our plots, but the bulrush was almost exclusively present in and around the same area where sweetgrass was present. Therefore we suspect bulrush and sweet grass either thrives in the same conditions (open canopy areas with sandy soils and groundwater influence) or they facilitate one another.

Appendix 5: Undesirable species presence/absence maps. Yellow = present, purple = absent.

Cow vetch (Vicia cracca) was less frequent than its native counterpart, American vetch (Vicia americana) and generally less abundant. But in a few places (such as plot 95, 15) its cover was extraordinarily high, suggesting invasive potential.

Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) was very infrequent. There was also a patch near the parking lot east of the site. Eradicating this invasive species now would be prudent, since restoration activities may expose bare soil and invite invasion.

Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) was infrequently sampled but often occurred outside of our plots in the southern portion of the site.

Smooth brome (Bromus inermus) was frequent along the edges and southern portions of the site.

Appendix 6: Selected species abundance maps.

Smooth brome (Bromus inermus) appeared to be more abundant at the edges of the site.

Bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) appeared to be concentrated between a wooded patch in the middle portion of the site and the highest elevation portion of the site.

Two shrubs, willows (Salix sp., left) and redosier dogwood (Cornus sericea, right) were abundant along forest edges within the site.

Two high-frequency species, tall field buttercup (Ranunculus acris, left) and smooth rose (Rosa blanda, right) showed little variation in their abundance. But rose was conspicuously absent from the highest elevation portion of the site.

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense, left), appeared to be more abundant within the higher-elevation portion of the site, whereas grasses (Poaceae, right), which are generally drought tolerant, appeared to be more abundant at the lower-elevation portion of the site. This suggests an elevation-independent moisture gradient, such as groundwater seepage, but similar patterns could be caused by biotic or edaphic factors. Notably, horsetail occurred in all four plots where sweetgrass occurred.