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Good Morning!
AALTERNATIVE LTERNATIVE
PPEST EST
MMANAGEMENTANAGEMENT
((APMAPM))
SEATTSA , 2008
APM supports………..
7 dimensions of SA
* Ecologically Sound no synthetic pesticides applications
* Economically Viable less cost
PEST
– An unwanted organisms which compete with people for food and shelter, or threatens their health, comfort or welfare.
• Insects
* Diseases
* Rodents
*
* Weeds
*Birds
Mollusk
LIFE CYCLE OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE INSECTSINSECTS
egg
adult
pupa
Larva/ worm
COMPLETE COMPLETE STAGESSTAGES
LIFE CYCLE OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE INSECTSINSECTS
INCOMPLETE INCOMPLETE STAGESSTAGES
eggeggnymphnymph adultadult
WHY PEST EXISTWHY PEST EXIST
Why pest exist?
A.A. THE ENERGY FLOW OF RICE ECOSYSTEM THE ENERGY FLOW OF RICE ECOSYSTEM
IN RELATION TO PEST MANAGEMENTIN RELATION TO PEST MANAGEMENT
SUNSUN
RICERICE PESTPEST
VEGETABLESVEGETABLES
Beneficial Beneficial InsectsInsects
B. FACTORS THAT AFFECT PEST POPULATION
SOCIALSOCIAL
•No damageNo damage
PHYSICALPHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
•ClimateClimate
•TemperatureTemperature
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICESPRACTICES
•Fertilizer applicationFertilizer application
•Water managementWater management
•Planting DistancesPlanting Distances
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICAL
•CropsCrops
•MonocropMonocrop
PESTPEST
DIFFERENT PEST MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
ECOLOGICAL PEST MANAGEMENT
ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED PEST INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
Combination of different farm management practices to minimize pest population to a non destructive level without extravagant use of pesticides.
Basis to spray chemicals:Basis to spray chemicals:
AGROECOSYSTEM
ANALYSIS
(AESA)Population of Population of beneficial insectsbeneficial insects
Population ofPopulation of
destructivedestructive
insectsinsects
ECOLOGICAL PEST ECOLOGICAL PEST MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
A combination of all farm management practices to minimize pest population to a non destructive level without a single application of any of pesticides application even botanical application.
Let the nature work on it.
ALTERNATIVE PEST ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
A combination of all farm management practices to minimize pest population to a non destructive level without a single application of synthetic pesticides (ZERO PESTICIDES APPLICATION).
Last resort to combat the pest occurrence is to utilize the botanical control
DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENTPEST MANAGEMENT
CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
PHYSICAL CONTROL
MECHANICAL CONTROL
DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE PEST MANAGEMENTPEST MANAGEMENT
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
BOTANICAL CONTROL
1.1. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICESPRACTICES
The oldest and the cheapest methods of controlling pest which includes the agronomic practices and even the indigenous knowledge system (IKS) to reduce pest population.
A. Traditional beliefsA. Traditional beliefs
Planting by phases of the moon.
B. Magical and Superstitious B. Magical and Superstitious Practices Practices
Food offering to rats in return for sparing the crops
C. Practices Effective in C. Practices Effective in Community LevelCommunity Level
1. CROP ROTATION
Rotating rice with a non host crop will remove a pest food and reverse its population build-up.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level…….community level…….
2. PROPER LAND PREPARATION
Kill the pupal stage of insect pest in the soil.
Buries weed seeds deep in the soil where they cannot germinate.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level……..community level……..
3. TRANSPLANT OLDER SEEDLING
More competitive with weeds.
Minimize golden apple snail attack
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level……community level……
4. Wider planting distance.• 30x10 cm (dry season)
• 40x10 cm ( wet season)
• ? Closer planting distance, provide better canopy cover to shade out weeds but increase Green leafhopper and brown plant hopper oviposition sites and lead to higher population and greater damage.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level …..community level …..
5. PLANTING ORIENTATION
• Following the EAST- WEST planting orientation.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level…..community level…..
6. ELIMINATION OF ALTERNATE HOST
• Remove plants (weeds) that look like rice such as grasses family
“ Echonocloa species”
• Reduce nesting sites and shelter of rats.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level…..community level…..
7. PROPER WATER MANAGEMENT
• Avoid too much water? Maintaining standing water in
the paddy control most weeds but encourages whorl maggot, caseworm, and brown plant and leaf hopper attack
Flooding = Drives away the green leaf hopper and the brown plant hopper.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level……community level……
8. STUBBLE MANAGEMENT
* Cut the crop close to the ground and spreading the plants to expose them to the sun to kill insects especially the stem borers inside the stem.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level……community level……
9. AVOID PLANTING IN SHADY AREA
* Cut excess tree branches, twigs of plant that surround the area.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level…..community level…..
10. PLANTING OF TWO OR MORE LINES/VARIETIES OF CROPS.
* Minimize insect pest infestation.
Practices effective in Practices effective in community level……community level……
11. REDUCTION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION.
High application of nitrogen fertilizer:
= increases weed population in the current and subsequent crops.= Increase the incidence of fungal and bacterial diseases by increasing tissue susceptibility and tiller density that favors dew formation.= Encourages the multiplication of brown plant hopper and leaf folder insects which lead to higher populations and greater damage.
2. PHYSICAL CONTROL2. PHYSICAL CONTROL
A. HAND PICKING
Collection of infested plant parts.
Collection of different stages of different insect pest
(egg-larvae-pupae-adult)
3.3. MECHANICAL MECHANICAL CONTROLCONTROL
A. SMUDGING
* Repel the adult insects only.
Mechanical……Mechanical……
B. LIGHT TRAPPING
Attract the adult insectsFull moon
*green leafhopper* Brown plant hopper* Gall midge*Black bug
New moon*Cutworm*Armyworm*Stem borer* Leaf folder*Hairy caterpillar
c. Natural insects attractant
Pheromone traps = methyl eugenol(scented chemical or compounds/substance)found in the female insects that attract the male insects whereby disrupting the insect life cycle.
Aromatic insect attractant (AIA)
Nature farming/organic farming practice in pest control
* coco toddy/coconut wine * moscovado sugar
* boiling water
Male insectsMale insects
4. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Utilization of natural enemies (predators, parasites and pathogens)
Biological control……..
A. PREDATORS A helpful insects known as generalist
which feed on all stages of different insect pest.
Both the immature and adult stages prey upon/feed on its host.
It has a chewing and piercing sucking type of mouthparts.
Biological control ….predator
EXAMPLES COCCINILID BEETLES (LADY BIRD
BEETLES ) EARWIGS WATER STRIDER DRAGONFLIES DAMSELFLIES LONGHORNED GRASSHOPPER
LONGHORNED CRICKETS GIANT WATER BUG MIRID BUG KATYDID PRAYING MANTIS GROUND BEETLES SPIDERS (LONG JAWED, DWARF,
JUMPING, LYNX, LYCOSA)
Biological control….
B. PARASITES An insects
(commonly wasp and flies) whose larvae develop within the body of its host and usually feed on a single host and destroy it gradually.
Biological control… parasites
3 kinds of parasites1. Egg parasites An insects (wasp/flies)that destroy the eggs of the destructive
insects.Example: Trichogramma wasps Tetrastichus wasp Telenomus wasp
Biological control…parasites
2. Larval parasites
An insects that destroy the larvae of many destructive insects.
Example: Ichneumonid wasp Braconid wasp Tachinid fly
Biological…..Parasites
3. Pupal parasites
An insects that destroy the pupae of the destructive insects.
Example: Chalcid wasps
Summary of Biological Control
99% effective99% effective
Works 24 Works 24 hrs a dayhrs a day Feed on Feed on
insect pest insect pest not on not on plantsplants
Cost Cost freefree
Can kill 10-Can kill 10-45 insect 45 insect pest a daypest a day
DRAGONFLDRAGONFLYY
5. BOTANICAL PLANTS
Utilization of plants with insecticidal properties.
Either through spray application or as repellent.
Botanical……
Example: Madre de cacao Neem tree Tobacco Lemon grass Sweet basil Marigold flowers Hot pepper Chysanthemum flower Derris
Botanical control application…
Will only be applied in spot treatment.
Most of the botanical plants can kill the beneficial insects.
Hence, application is only recommended when the population of beneficial insects is very low upon monitoring.
INFESTEDINFESTED
Proper pest management …....
FOOT PRINTSFOOT PRINTS
FOOT PRINTS
Constant Monitoring…
Thank you…………
Mabuhay!