AP US HistorySpring 2009

TR’s Introduction Long record of

public service + war hero =

McKinley picks TR as his running mate for his 2nd term in office

Assassination makes TR president

TR and the “Bully Pulpit” Command

attention Persuasion Lead Congress

TR and the Trusts: Regulation to Avert Socialism Sherman Anti-Trust Law (1890)

1897-1904: 4227 Companies combined to form 257 corporations

US Steel = Carnegie + 8 major competitors (2/3 of the market)

TR’s Position: “Good Trusts v. Bad Trusts”

TR’s “Good Trusts v. Bad Trusts”

TR as “Trust Buster” US v. Northern Securities (1904):

precedent setting; first successful prosecution of big business under Sherman Act

led to other actions taken against Std Oil and the ATC

Strengthened the ICC through the Elkins and Hepburn Acts (1903 and 1906)

Intervened in Coal Strike of 1902: also a precedent

TR’s Square Deal for Consumers “Square Deal”

was campaign slogan for 1904

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

1904 Presidential Election Results

TR’s and Conservation: His most important Domestic

Legacy?

TR an Avid sportsman and naturalist

Natural Environment not Inexhaustible

TR sets aside 150 million acres

Convened Governor’s Conference on conservation in 1908

TR’s Conservation Record

51 Federal Bird Reservations 4 National Game Preserves 5 National Parks 18 National Monuments 24 Reclaimation Projects 7 Conservation Conferences and

Commissions

Panama Canal "No single great

material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent, is as of such consequence to the American people."

--Roosevelt

Panama Canal US Motives? Travel and Trade 1902, US bought rights to land

from French for $40 million Columbia and US fight for Panama,

US gets it and Panama is declared an independent country in 1903

As usual, the US took on a “parent role” over Panama and construction for the canal begun

Opened in 1914

Election of 1908 Roosevelt pledged not to seek a 3rd

term, “My Policies”

wanted successor to continue Chose Sec. of War, William Howard

Taft Dems choose Bryan (again!) Socialist party nominates Eugene

V. Debs

Election of 1908

Debs in 1918Taft

Bryan

Election of 1908 Campaign was dull— Taft’s strategy was to associate

himself w/ Roosevelt Bryan’s strategy: “TR stole my

policies!” Deb’s strategy: “Workers unite!” Results: Taft, 321 EV (7678908);

Bryan, 162 EV (6409104); Debs (420793)

1908 Presidential Election Results

Roosevelt’s Legacy?

Curbed Capitalism enough

Created the “Modern Presidency”

Opened America’s Eyes to the World

Taft in Office: The Man Real desire was NOT President,

but as a Supreme Court Justice More conservative than

Progressive Poor judge of public opinion Chronic victim of “foot in the

mouth disease”

Taft’s New Tub (after he got stuck). For reference, look at the little boy in background

as a reference to scale.

Taft’s Policies and Problems The Tariff

Republican Platform called for “revision,” Taft came out for reducing the tariff

Calls special session of Congress (3/09)

Taft Signs it, then went on tour to defend it

Taft’s Policies and Problems Conservation Woes

Secretary of the Interior Ballinger v. Gifford Pinchot

Taft backs Ballinger, against public opinion

Pinchot v. Ballinger

Taft’s Policies and Problems Liberal Republicans Rebel

Successful effort with Democrats to break Speaker Joseph Cannon in the House

Elkins Act (1910) passed, strengthens the ICC

TR returns from Africa– what?!? Congressional Elections:

228 (D) to 161 (R)- House 51 (D) to 41 (D)- Senate

TR in Africa

Election of 1912 Republican Party

Splits! Roosevelt mad

at Taft Taft fights

back! Taft wins

nomination at the national convention

Election of 1912 Democrats choose

Woodrow Wilson President of

Princeton University

Has a PHd Former

Governor of NJ Won the

Convention with Bryan’s support

Election of 1912 Roosevelt Loses

Rep. nomination to Taft

TR “steals” the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party nomination

and splits the Republican vote!

1912 Election Results

Election of 1912 Wilson: 435 (6,293, 454) Roosevelt: 88 (4,119,

538) Taft: 8 (3,484, 980) Debs: 0 (900, 672)