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AP US HISTORY AP US HISTORY CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1
NEW WORLD BEGINNINGSNEW WORLD BEGINNINGS
FIRST ARRIVALS FIRST ARRIVALS
Native Americans Native Americans
Bering Land BridgeBering Land Bridge
35,000 years ago, 35,000 years ago, a land bridge a land bridge connected Siberia connected Siberia (Asia) and Alaska (Asia) and Alaska (North America)(North America)
As glaciers melted, As glaciers melted, the land bridge the land bridge got covered by got covered by water againwater again
What do these pictures tell you about the evolution What do these pictures tell you about the evolution of Native American societies?of Native American societies?
Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Incas—Peru, Aztecs—Mexico, Mayas—Central AmericaMayas—Central America
Some Native American tribes in Some Native American tribes in what is now the United States…what is now the United States…
IroquoisIroquois AnasaziAnasazi NavajoNavajo CherokeeCherokee Nez PerceNez Perce PotawatomiPotawatomi ApacheApache SiouxSioux
Other notable native groupsOther notable native groups
Location of mounds Location of mounds in Illinois: in Illinois: CahokiaCahokia
Closest to building Closest to building a large civilization a large civilization in North America: in North America: IroquoisIroquois
Native American view of landNative American view of land
Reverence for the Reverence for the natural worldnatural world
No extensive No extensive manipulation of manipulation of naturenature
Land is not Land is not “owned” by “owned” by individualsindividuals
EUROPEANSEUROPEANS
and the age of explorationand the age of exploration
Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but Vikings from Scandinavia came to the New World first, but did not establish permanent settlements because no strong did not establish permanent settlements because no strong
nation-state backed them financiallynation-state backed them financially
Portuguese were other early Portuguese were other early explorersexplorers
Got Got gold gold and and slaves slaves from Africafrom Africa
Set up Set up sugar sugar plantations plantations in in Madeira and Madeira and Canary Islands off Canary Islands off the coast of Africathe coast of Africa
What contributed to discovery of What contributed to discovery of the New World…the New World…
Crusaders—Crusaders—brought back brought back spices, silk, spices, silk, porcelain and other porcelain and other goodsgoods
Spice Islands—Spice Islands—source of all these source of all these wonderful things wonderful things Europeans now Europeans now cravedcraved
Muslim middle men—charged higher and higher Muslim middle men—charged higher and higher prices for goods as those goods moved westward prices for goods as those goods moved westward
toward Europetoward Europe
RenaissanceRenaissance
Humanistic revival of Humanistic revival of classical art, classical art, architecture, architecture, literature, and literature, and learning that started learning that started in Italy in the 14th in Italy in the 14th century and spread century and spread throughout Europe. throughout Europe.
It encouraged people It encouraged people to learn more about to learn more about the world.the world.
New inventionsNew inventions CaravelCaravel—type of boat —type of boat
with triangular sails and with triangular sails and a rudder, which helped a rudder, which helped make steering easiermake steering easier
CompassCompass—magnetic —magnetic needle let you know in needle let you know in what direction you were what direction you were headedheaded
Printing pressPrinting press— — allowed for knowledge allowed for knowledge to spread via printed to spread via printed maps and first-hand maps and first-hand accounts of other accounts of other people’s travels people’s travels
People read about Marco Polo’s travels to People read about Marco Polo’s travels to China and other parts of AsiaChina and other parts of Asia
Rise of nation-statesRise of nation-states
EnglandEngland FranceFrance PortugalPortugal SpainSpain Competition for Competition for
new territory, new territory, power, glory, power, glory, wealthwealth
TRANSATLANTIC TRANSATLANTIC ENCOUNTERSENCOUNTERS
Columbus and those who Columbus and those who followed himfollowed him
Columbian Exchange—some Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in Europethings that arrived in Europe
TomatoTomato Potato Potato TurkeysTurkeys TobaccoTobacco ChocolateChocolate CornCorn PeanutsPeanuts SyphilisSyphilis
Columbian Exchange—some Columbian Exchange—some things that arrived in America things that arrived in America
CowCow HorseHorse PigPig ChickenChicken RiceRice CoffeeCoffee SugarcaneSugarcane SmallpoxSmallpox
Some positive effects of Some positive effects of the Columbian Exchangethe Columbian Exchange
Natives got new tools, Natives got new tools, animals and trade animals and trade goods; for example—goods; for example—horses could now be horses could now be used to hunt buffalo used to hunt buffalo on the Great Plains on the Great Plains (could also be viewed (could also be viewed as a bad thing)as a bad thing)
Europeans got lots of Europeans got lots of great food sources great food sources that would help make that would help make the population growthe population grow
Some negative effects of Some negative effects of the Columbian Exchangethe Columbian Exchange
Some bad things Some bad things spread, too, such spread, too, such as diseases; about as diseases; about 90% of the Native 90% of the Native population got population got wiped out as a wiped out as a resultresult
Paved the way for Paved the way for conquistadores and conquistadores and the growth of the growth of slaveryslavery
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Catholic Church Catholic Church divided South divided South America between America between Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal
What is now Brazil What is now Brazil was in the was in the Portuguese sectionPortuguese section
Discoverers and Discoverers and conquistadores….YAHOOO!conquistadores….YAHOOO!
BalboaBalboa—was the —was the first European to see first European to see the Pacific Oceanthe Pacific Ocean
MagellanMagellan—his men —his men circumnavigated the circumnavigated the globe (went around globe (went around the Earth)the Earth)
And they kept coming….And they kept coming….
Ponce de LeonPonce de Leon——explored Florida explored Florida searching for gold searching for gold (and the Fountain (and the Fountain of Youth)of Youth)
And coming….And coming….
CoronadoCoronado—saw —saw the Grand Canyonthe Grand Canyon
De SotoDe Soto—saw the —saw the Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Some conquered great civilizationsSome conquered great civilizations
PizarroPizarro—conquered —conquered the Incasthe Incas
CortezCortez—conquered —conquered the Aztecs; the Aztecs;
the Aztec capital of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is now Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City; Mexico City;
their leader was their leader was Montezuma Montezuma (Moctezuma)(Moctezuma)
THE SPANISHTHE SPANISH
First permanent settlers inFirst permanent settlers in
what is now Americawhat is now America
Spanish settlementSpanish settlement
EncomiendaEncomienda system gave system gave Indians to Spanish Indians to Spanish lords in exchange lords in exchange for them trying to for them trying to Christianize the Christianize the IndiansIndians
Harsh system Harsh system criticized by criticized by Bartolome de las Bartolome de las CasasCasas
Three G’s of Three G’s of the Conquistadoresthe Conquistadores
GOLDGOLD GOD GOD GLORYGLORY
First Spanish-American settlement First Spanish-American settlement in North Americain North America
St. Augustine in St. Augustine in what is now Floridawhat is now Florida
Established in 1565Established in 1565 Oldest continuous Oldest continuous
EUROPEAN EUROPEAN settlement in North settlement in North AmericaAmerica
Characteristics of Spanish Characteristics of Spanish settlementsettlement
Brought Catholic religion Brought Catholic religion and Spanish language; and Spanish language; tried to convert Nativestried to convert Natives
Set up over 150 missionsSet up over 150 missions Set up encomiendas, Set up encomiendas,
haciendashaciendas Universities and major Universities and major
towns (Santa Fe, San towns (Santa Fe, San Diego, San Antonio, Mexico Diego, San Antonio, Mexico City, etc.)City, etc.)
Intermarried with natives, Intermarried with natives, creating a mestizo creating a mestizo populationpopulation