AP PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW

Neuron Note #1

1. Three-year-old Johnny used to say “mikk” when he wanted a glass of milk. Now he is able to say “milk” quite clearly. In this instance, Johnny has made a gain in his use of:

a) Phonemesb) Syntaxc) Morphemesd) Linguistic heuristicse) Connotations

2. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

a) Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes

b) A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation

c) All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable

d) Phonemes are combined into morphemese) There are about 50,000 morphemes in the

English language

3. A child who says, “I sawed a cat in the yard,” is making which of the following errors?

a) Overextensionb) Underextensionc) Overregularizationd) Underregularizatione) Metalinguistic

4. When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:

a) Phonemes and morphemes are both increased

b) Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes is increased

c) Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same

d) Phonemes decreases, but the number of morphemes stay the same

e) Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same

5. The word “unchangeable” consists of:

a) Nine morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used

b) One morpheme, for the entire word

c) Four morphemes, one for each syllable

d) Three morphemes: “un,” “change” and “able”

e) Two morphemes: “un” and “changeable”

6. Semantics is the component of language concerned with:

a) The dictionary definition of a word

b) Specifying rules for how words can be arranged into sentences

c) Creating novel messages from a finite number of symbols

d) Correctly pronouncing the prefixes, suffixes and root words of a language

e) Understanding the meaning of words and word combinations

7. The sentence, “The nervous the stared thick at exam student” would be virtually impossible for an English speaker to understand because the sentence violates the rules of English:

a) Linguistic relativity b) Syntaxc) Morphemesd) Phonemese) Semantics

8. In language development, babbling refers to producing:

a) Different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort

b) A wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations

c) Sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth

d) Random combinations of wordse) Sound with the lips and the front part of the

mouth

9. In general, toddlers can:a) Say more words than they

understandb) Only use about 10 different

wordsc) Understand and say about the

same number of wordsd) Use more “action” words than

“object” wordse) Understand more words than

they can say

10.If you were to compare adult speech with the speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect that:

a) Infants produce more morphemes than adults do

b) Adults are capable of producing more phonemes than infants are

c) Infants produce more phonemes than adults dod) Adults and infants both use the same number of

phonemese) Adults and infants both use the same number of

morphemes

1. Three-year-old Johnny used to say “mikk” when he wanted a glass of milk. Now he is able to say “milk” quite clearly. In this instance, Johnny has made a gain in his use of:

a) Phonemesb) Syntaxc) Morphemesd) Linguistic heuristicse) Connotations

2. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?

a) Humans are capable of producing about 100 phonemes

b) A letter of the alphabet is represented by more than one phoneme if it has more than one pronunciation

c) All languages use all of the phonemes of which humans are capable

d) Phonemes are combined into morphemese) There are about 50,000 morphemes in the

English language

3. A child who says, “I sawed a cat in the yard,” is making which of the following errors?

a) Overextensionb) Underextensionc) Overregularizationd) Underregularizatione) Metalinguistic

4. When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:

a) Phonemes and morphemes are both increased

b) Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes is increased

c) Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same

d) Phonemes decreases, but the number of morphemes stay the same

e) Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same

5. The word “unchangeable” consists of:

a) Nine morphemes, one for each letter of the alphabet used

b) One morpheme, for the entire word

c) Four morphemes, one for each syllable

d) Three morphemes: “un,” “change” and “able”

e) Two morphemes: “un” and “changeable”

6. Semantics is the component of language concerned with:

a) The dictionary definition of a word

b) Specifying rules for how words can be arranged into sentences

c) Creating novel messages from a finite number of symbols

d) Correctly pronouncing the prefixes, suffixes and root words of a language

e) Understanding the meaning of words and word combinations

7. The sentence, “The nervous the stared thick at exam student” would be virtually impossible for an English speaker to understand because the sentence violates the rules of English:

a) Linguistic relativity b) Syntaxc) Morphemesd) Phonemese) Semantics

8. In language development, babbling refers to producing:

a) Different cries to signify different kinds of discomfort

b) A wide variety of phonemes and consonant-vowel combinations

c) Sound by placing the tongue near the back of the mouth

d) Random combinations of wordse) Sound with the lips and the front part of the

mouth

9. In general, toddlers can:a) Say more words than they

understandb) Only use about 10 different

wordsc) Understand and say about the

same number of wordsd) Use more “action” words than

“object” wordse) Understand more words than

they can say

10.If you were to compare adult speech with the speech of infants under 6 months of age you should expect that:

a) Infants produce more morphemes than adults do

b) Adults are capable of producing more phonemes than infants are

c) Infants produce more phonemes than adults dod) Adults and infants both use the same number of

phonemese) Adults and infants both use the same number of

morphemes