Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Items Covered
Date Item
14
15
16
9/11 Lab 3 — Determine the initial speed of the rocket
9/16Lab 4 — Predict the landing spot of a projectile that is
launched horizontally
10/1Lab 5 — Predict the landing spot of a projectile that is
launched at an angle.
AP
PHYS
Items Covered
Date Item
17
18
19
10/07 The Forces of Nature
10/08 Calculating the Normal Force
10/13 Lab 7 — Determining the Inertial Mass of a Loaded Cart.
AP
PHYS
Items Covered
Date Item
20
21
22
10/22/15 Elevator Man
10/26/15 Friction
10/26/15 Lab 8 — Determining the Coefficient of Friction
AP
PHYS
PHYSICS
Items Covered
Date Item
23
24
25
11/02 4.8 — Law of Universal Gravitation
11/05/15 Atwood Machine
11/06/15 Lab 9 — Atwood’s Machine
AP
PHYS
PHYSICS
Items Covered
Date Item
26
27
28
11/02 Hooke’s Law
11/05/15 Lab 10 — Determining the Spring Constant k
11/06/15
AP
PHYS
Fsp
Fsp
Deformation of a Spring
Natural length
Compression
Extension
-x
x = 0
+x
The deformation (x)of a spring is measured relative to itsunstretched length.
Fsp = −k⋅x
Spring Constant(N/m)
Force (N)
Deformation (m)
Draw the diagram below. It illustrates Hooke’s Law.
Warm Up (11/20/15) — Hooke’s LawAP
PHYS
Learning Goal• 11/16/15
‣Create and use free-boy diagrams to analyze physical situations to solve problems with motion qualitatively and quantitatively [LO 3.B.2.1, SP 1.4, SP 2.2
‣Analyze a scenario and make claims (develop arguments, justify assertions) about the forces exerted on an object by other objects for different types of forces or components of forces. [LO 3.A.3.1, SP 6.4, SP 7.2]
• Classwork‣Warm Up — Fnet = ma.‣Lab 9 — Atwood’s Machine•Analysis•Lab Report
AP
PHYS
Weight = m⋅g = Fw
Fsp
Lab 9 — Determining the Spring Constant, kAP
PHYS
Warm Up (11/16/15) — Fnet = maIn the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and there is no friction. Find (a) the tension in the rope and (b) the acceleration of the 10.0-kg block. (Hint: The larger mass moves twice as far as the smaller mass.)
Fw=m1g
NF
FT
AP
PHYS
132 CHAPTER 4 FORCES AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
* 88. Two blocks are sliding to the right across a horizontal surface, as the drawing shows. In Case A the mass of each block is 3.0 kg. In Case B the mass of block 1 (the block behind) is 6.0 kg,and the mass of block 2 is 3.0 kg. No frictional force acts on block 1in either Case A or Case B. However, a kinetic frictional force of 5.8 N does act on block 2 in both cases and opposes the motion. Forboth Case A and Case B determine (a) the magnitude of the forceswith which the blocks push against each other and (b) the magni-tude of the acceleration of the blocks.
* 89. ssm At an airport, luggage is unloaded from a plane into thethree cars of a luggage carrier, as the drawing shows. The accelera-tion of the carrier is 0.12 m/s2, and friction is negligible. The cou-pling bars have negligible mass. By how much would the tension ineach of the coupling bars A, B, and C change if 39 kg of luggage wereremoved from car 2 and placed in (a) car 1 and (b) car 3? If thetension changes, specify whether it increases or decreases.
* 90. Consult Interactive LearningWare 4.2 at www.wiley.com/college/cutnell before beginning this problem. A truck is traveling ata speed of 25.0 m/s along a level road. A crate is resting on the bedof the truck, and the coefficient of static friction between the crateand the truck bed is 0.650. Determine the shortest distance in whichthe truck can come to a halt without causing the crate to slip forwardrelative to the truck.
** 91. In the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and thereis no friction. Find (a) the tension in the rope and (b) the acceler-ation of the 10.0-kg block. (Hint: The larger mass moves twice as far
as the smaller mass.)
Couplingbar C
Car 3 Car 2 Car 1
Couplingbar B
Couplingbar A
Block 1 Block 2Block 1
Case A Case B
m1 = 3.0 kg m2 = 3.0 kg m1 = 6.0 kg m2 = 3.0 kg
Block 2
** 92. A small sphere is hung by a string from the ceiling of a van.When the van is stationary, the sphere hangs vertically. However,when the van accelerates, the sphere swings backward so that thestring makes an angle of with respect to the vertical. (a) Derive anexpression for the magnitude a of the acceleration of the van in termsof the angle and the magnitude g of the acceleration due to gravity.(b) Find the acceleration of the van when (c) What is theangle when the van moves with a constant velocity?
** 93. ssm The drawingshows three objects.They are connected bystrings that pass overmassless and friction-free pulleys. The ob-jects move, and thecoefficient of kineticfriction between themiddle object and thesurface of the table is0.100. (a) What is the acceleration of the three objects? (b) Findthe tension in each of the two strings.
** 94. A 5.00-kg block is placed on top of a 12.0-kg block that rests ona frictionless table. The coefficient of static friction between the twoblocks is 0.600. What is the maximum horizontal force that can beapplied before the 5.00-kg block begins to slip relative to the 12.0-kgblock, if the force is applied to (a) the more massive block and(b) the less massive block?
!! ! 10.0".
!
!
10.0 kg
3.00 kg
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
95. ssm On earth, two parts of a space probe weigh 11 000 N and3400 N. These parts are separated by a center-to-center distance of 12 m and may be treated as uniform spherical objects. Find the mag-nitude of the gravitational force that each part exerts on the other outin space, far from any other objects.
96. The space probe Deep Space 1 was launched on October 24,1998. Its mass was 474 kg. The goal of the mission was to test a newkind of engine called an ion propulsion drive. This engine generatedonly a weak thrust, but it could do so over long periods of time withthe consumption of only small amounts of fuel. The mission wasspectacularly successful. At a thrust of 56 mN how many days wererequired for the probe to attain a velocity of 805 m/s (1800 mi/h), as-suming that the probe started from rest and that the mass remainednearly constant?
97. ssm A rocket blasts off from rest and attains a speed of 45 m/sin 15 s. An astronaut has a mass of 57 kg. What is the astronaut’s apparent weight during takeoff?
98. Only two forces act on an object (mass !3.00 kg), as in the drawing. Find the magni-tude and direction (relative to the x axis) ofthe acceleration of the object.
99. ssm A 60.0-kg crate rests on a level floorat a shipping dock. The coefficients of staticand kinetic friction are 0.760 and 0.410, re-spectively. What horizontal pushing force isrequired to (a) just start the crate movingand (b) slide the crate across the dock at aconstant speed?
100. Concept Simulation 4.1 at www.wiley.com/college/cutnellreviews the central idea in this problem. A boat has a mass of 6800 kg.Its engines generate a drive force of 4100 N due west, while the windexerts a force of 800 N due east and the water exerts a resistive forceof 1200 N due east. What is the magnitude and direction of the boat’sacceleration?
60.0 N
40.0 N
45.0°
+x
+y
Problem 98
25.0kg
80.0 kg
10.0kg
Problem 91
2762T_ch04_087-134.qxd 5/1/08 7:45 PM Page 132
m1
m2
Fw=m2g
2FT
Warm Up (11/16/15) — Fnet = maIn the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and there is no friction. Find (a) the tension in the rope and (b) the acceleration of the 10.0-kg block. (Hint: The larger mass moves twice as far as the smaller mass.)
Fw=m1g
NF
FT
AP
PHYS
132 CHAPTER 4 FORCES AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
* 88. Two blocks are sliding to the right across a horizontal surface, as the drawing shows. In Case A the mass of each block is 3.0 kg. In Case B the mass of block 1 (the block behind) is 6.0 kg,and the mass of block 2 is 3.0 kg. No frictional force acts on block 1in either Case A or Case B. However, a kinetic frictional force of 5.8 N does act on block 2 in both cases and opposes the motion. Forboth Case A and Case B determine (a) the magnitude of the forceswith which the blocks push against each other and (b) the magni-tude of the acceleration of the blocks.
* 89. ssm At an airport, luggage is unloaded from a plane into thethree cars of a luggage carrier, as the drawing shows. The accelera-tion of the carrier is 0.12 m/s2, and friction is negligible. The cou-pling bars have negligible mass. By how much would the tension ineach of the coupling bars A, B, and C change if 39 kg of luggage wereremoved from car 2 and placed in (a) car 1 and (b) car 3? If thetension changes, specify whether it increases or decreases.
* 90. Consult Interactive LearningWare 4.2 at www.wiley.com/college/cutnell before beginning this problem. A truck is traveling ata speed of 25.0 m/s along a level road. A crate is resting on the bedof the truck, and the coefficient of static friction between the crateand the truck bed is 0.650. Determine the shortest distance in whichthe truck can come to a halt without causing the crate to slip forwardrelative to the truck.
** 91. In the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and thereis no friction. Find (a) the tension in the rope and (b) the acceler-ation of the 10.0-kg block. (Hint: The larger mass moves twice as far
as the smaller mass.)
Couplingbar C
Car 3 Car 2 Car 1
Couplingbar B
Couplingbar A
Block 1 Block 2Block 1
Case A Case B
m1 = 3.0 kg m2 = 3.0 kg m1 = 6.0 kg m2 = 3.0 kg
Block 2
** 92. A small sphere is hung by a string from the ceiling of a van.When the van is stationary, the sphere hangs vertically. However,when the van accelerates, the sphere swings backward so that thestring makes an angle of with respect to the vertical. (a) Derive anexpression for the magnitude a of the acceleration of the van in termsof the angle and the magnitude g of the acceleration due to gravity.(b) Find the acceleration of the van when (c) What is theangle when the van moves with a constant velocity?
** 93. ssm The drawingshows three objects.They are connected bystrings that pass overmassless and friction-free pulleys. The ob-jects move, and thecoefficient of kineticfriction between themiddle object and thesurface of the table is0.100. (a) What is the acceleration of the three objects? (b) Findthe tension in each of the two strings.
** 94. A 5.00-kg block is placed on top of a 12.0-kg block that rests ona frictionless table. The coefficient of static friction between the twoblocks is 0.600. What is the maximum horizontal force that can beapplied before the 5.00-kg block begins to slip relative to the 12.0-kgblock, if the force is applied to (a) the more massive block and(b) the less massive block?
!! ! 10.0".
!
!
10.0 kg
3.00 kg
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
95. ssm On earth, two parts of a space probe weigh 11 000 N and3400 N. These parts are separated by a center-to-center distance of 12 m and may be treated as uniform spherical objects. Find the mag-nitude of the gravitational force that each part exerts on the other outin space, far from any other objects.
96. The space probe Deep Space 1 was launched on October 24,1998. Its mass was 474 kg. The goal of the mission was to test a newkind of engine called an ion propulsion drive. This engine generatedonly a weak thrust, but it could do so over long periods of time withthe consumption of only small amounts of fuel. The mission wasspectacularly successful. At a thrust of 56 mN how many days wererequired for the probe to attain a velocity of 805 m/s (1800 mi/h), as-suming that the probe started from rest and that the mass remainednearly constant?
97. ssm A rocket blasts off from rest and attains a speed of 45 m/sin 15 s. An astronaut has a mass of 57 kg. What is the astronaut’s apparent weight during takeoff?
98. Only two forces act on an object (mass !3.00 kg), as in the drawing. Find the magni-tude and direction (relative to the x axis) ofthe acceleration of the object.
99. ssm A 60.0-kg crate rests on a level floorat a shipping dock. The coefficients of staticand kinetic friction are 0.760 and 0.410, re-spectively. What horizontal pushing force isrequired to (a) just start the crate movingand (b) slide the crate across the dock at aconstant speed?
100. Concept Simulation 4.1 at www.wiley.com/college/cutnellreviews the central idea in this problem. A boat has a mass of 6800 kg.Its engines generate a drive force of 4100 N due west, while the windexerts a force of 800 N due east and the water exerts a resistive forceof 1200 N due east. What is the magnitude and direction of the boat’sacceleration?
60.0 N
40.0 N
45.0°
+x
+y
Problem 98
25.0kg
80.0 kg
10.0kg
Problem 91
2762T_ch04_087-134.qxd 5/1/08 7:45 PM Page 132
m1
m2
Fw=m2g
2FT
Fnet = ma; system: m1
Fg + FN + FT = m1a1
(-m1g + FN)y + FTx = m1a1x^ ^ ^
Fnet = ma; system: m2
Fg + 2⋅FT = m2a2
-m2g + 2⋅FT = -m2a2
Since the larger mass moves twice as far as the smaller mass,a1 = 2a2. Thus, 2FT = 2⋅m1a1
2⋅FT = m2g − m2a2FT = 10kg(1.37 m/s2) = 13.7 N
Warm Up (11/16/15) — Fnet = maIn the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and there is no friction. Find (a) the tension in the rope and (b) the acceleration of the 10.0-kg block. (Hint: The larger mass moves twice as far as the smaller mass.)
Fw=m1g
NF
FT
AP
PHYS
132 CHAPTER 4 FORCES AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
* 88. Two blocks are sliding to the right across a horizontal surface, as the drawing shows. In Case A the mass of each block is 3.0 kg. In Case B the mass of block 1 (the block behind) is 6.0 kg,and the mass of block 2 is 3.0 kg. No frictional force acts on block 1in either Case A or Case B. However, a kinetic frictional force of 5.8 N does act on block 2 in both cases and opposes the motion. Forboth Case A and Case B determine (a) the magnitude of the forceswith which the blocks push against each other and (b) the magni-tude of the acceleration of the blocks.
* 89. ssm At an airport, luggage is unloaded from a plane into thethree cars of a luggage carrier, as the drawing shows. The accelera-tion of the carrier is 0.12 m/s2, and friction is negligible. The cou-pling bars have negligible mass. By how much would the tension ineach of the coupling bars A, B, and C change if 39 kg of luggage wereremoved from car 2 and placed in (a) car 1 and (b) car 3? If thetension changes, specify whether it increases or decreases.
* 90. Consult Interactive LearningWare 4.2 at www.wiley.com/college/cutnell before beginning this problem. A truck is traveling ata speed of 25.0 m/s along a level road. A crate is resting on the bedof the truck, and the coefficient of static friction between the crateand the truck bed is 0.650. Determine the shortest distance in whichthe truck can come to a halt without causing the crate to slip forwardrelative to the truck.
** 91. In the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and thereis no friction. Find (a) the tension in the rope and (b) the acceler-ation of the 10.0-kg block. (Hint: The larger mass moves twice as far
as the smaller mass.)
Couplingbar C
Car 3 Car 2 Car 1
Couplingbar B
Couplingbar A
Block 1 Block 2Block 1
Case A Case B
m1 = 3.0 kg m2 = 3.0 kg m1 = 6.0 kg m2 = 3.0 kg
Block 2
** 92. A small sphere is hung by a string from the ceiling of a van.When the van is stationary, the sphere hangs vertically. However,when the van accelerates, the sphere swings backward so that thestring makes an angle of with respect to the vertical. (a) Derive anexpression for the magnitude a of the acceleration of the van in termsof the angle and the magnitude g of the acceleration due to gravity.(b) Find the acceleration of the van when (c) What is theangle when the van moves with a constant velocity?
** 93. ssm The drawingshows three objects.They are connected bystrings that pass overmassless and friction-free pulleys. The ob-jects move, and thecoefficient of kineticfriction between themiddle object and thesurface of the table is0.100. (a) What is the acceleration of the three objects? (b) Findthe tension in each of the two strings.
** 94. A 5.00-kg block is placed on top of a 12.0-kg block that rests ona frictionless table. The coefficient of static friction between the twoblocks is 0.600. What is the maximum horizontal force that can beapplied before the 5.00-kg block begins to slip relative to the 12.0-kgblock, if the force is applied to (a) the more massive block and(b) the less massive block?
!! ! 10.0".
!
!
10.0 kg
3.00 kg
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
95. ssm On earth, two parts of a space probe weigh 11 000 N and3400 N. These parts are separated by a center-to-center distance of 12 m and may be treated as uniform spherical objects. Find the mag-nitude of the gravitational force that each part exerts on the other outin space, far from any other objects.
96. The space probe Deep Space 1 was launched on October 24,1998. Its mass was 474 kg. The goal of the mission was to test a newkind of engine called an ion propulsion drive. This engine generatedonly a weak thrust, but it could do so over long periods of time withthe consumption of only small amounts of fuel. The mission wasspectacularly successful. At a thrust of 56 mN how many days wererequired for the probe to attain a velocity of 805 m/s (1800 mi/h), as-suming that the probe started from rest and that the mass remainednearly constant?
97. ssm A rocket blasts off from rest and attains a speed of 45 m/sin 15 s. An astronaut has a mass of 57 kg. What is the astronaut’s apparent weight during takeoff?
98. Only two forces act on an object (mass !3.00 kg), as in the drawing. Find the magni-tude and direction (relative to the x axis) ofthe acceleration of the object.
99. ssm A 60.0-kg crate rests on a level floorat a shipping dock. The coefficients of staticand kinetic friction are 0.760 and 0.410, re-spectively. What horizontal pushing force isrequired to (a) just start the crate movingand (b) slide the crate across the dock at aconstant speed?
100. Concept Simulation 4.1 at www.wiley.com/college/cutnellreviews the central idea in this problem. A boat has a mass of 6800 kg.Its engines generate a drive force of 4100 N due west, while the windexerts a force of 800 N due east and the water exerts a resistive forceof 1200 N due east. What is the magnitude and direction of the boat’sacceleration?
60.0 N
40.0 N
45.0°
+x
+y
Problem 98
25.0kg
80.0 kg
10.0kg
Problem 91
2762T_ch04_087-134.qxd 5/1/08 7:45 PM Page 132
m1
m2
Fw=m2g
2FT
Fnet = ma; system: m1
Fg + FN + FT = m1a1
(-m1g + FN)y + FTx = m1a1x^ ^ ^
Fnet = ma; system: m2
Fg + 2⋅FT = m2a2
-m2g + 2⋅FT = -m2a2
Since the larger mass moves twice as far as the smaller mass,a1 = 2a2. Thus, 2FT = 2⋅m1a1
2⋅FT = m2g − m2a2
2FT = 2⋅m1a1 = m2g − m2(a1 ⁄ 2)
a1(2m1 + m2 ⁄ 2)= m2g
a1 = m2g (2m1 + m2 ⁄ 2)
= 3kg(9.8m/s2) 2(10kg)+3kg/2
= 1.37 m/s2
FT = 10kg(1.37 m/s2) = 13.7 N
Fnetext
= ma ; system: mA
FgA + FTA = mAaA
+ FTA= +mAaA mB > mA
Fnetext
= ma ; system: mB
FgB + FTB = mBaB
+ FTB = -mBaB
mAaA = FTA − g
-mBg
mBaB = g − FTB
Atwood’s Machine
-mAg
Since aA = aB = a, then
mA FTA − g
mB= g − FTB
FT ( 1/mA + 1/mB ) = 2gNote that : FTA = FTB = FT FT = 2g
( 1/mA + 1/mB )
+( mB + mA )
FT = 2g mAmB
a =g −( mB + mA ) 2g mA
What’s the acceleration of the masses?
Frict
ionles
s Pull
eyLig
htweig
ht co
rd
Fg=mAg
FT
Fg=mBg
FT
Note that because they are connected with the same cord, aA = aB = a.
Assume that mB > mA
AP
PHYS
Atwood’s Machine
If the pulley has a significant mass, a torque is required, and the string tensions on either side of the pulley must differ.
Atwood’s Machine
What’s the acceleration of the masses?
+ FTA = +mAaA-mAg
+ FTB = -mBaB-mBg
+
Atwood’s Machine
What’s the acceleration of the masses?
+ FTA = +mAaA-mAg
+ FTB = -mBaB-mBg
The only object that rotates is the pulley. The net torque of the pulley:
R(FTB − FTA) = IαRadius of pulley.
I =½MR2 → Assuming the pulley is a solid disk.
Angular Acceleration.
Mass of the pulley.
Note that α = R⋅a
mB
mA
R+
ap =( mB + mA + I ⁄ R2 )
g( mB − mA ) = 2⋅yam
t2
AP
PHYS
Lab 9 — Atwood’s Machine
ap =( mB + mA )
g( mB − mA )
m1 (kg) m2 (kg) ap (m/s2) am (m/s2) Time (s) % Difference
= 2⋅yam
t2
→ Assumes massless frictionlesspulley.
ap =( mB + mA + I ⁄ R2 )
g( mB − mA ) → Assumes a frictionless pulley.
I =½MR2
% Difference = | ap − am | × 200ap + am
Warm Up (11/17/15) — Lab 9 Data Analysis
Account for the mass of the pulley used in this experiment and calculate the predicted value of the acceleration in every trial using the expression.
AP
PHYS
m1 (kg) m2 (kg) ap (m/s2) am (m/s2) Time (s) % Difference
ap =( mB + mA + I ⁄ R2 )
g( mB − mA )
I =½MR2
= mB + mA + ½M
g( mB − mA )
M = 37 g
% Difference = | ap − am | × 200ap + am
= | accepted − measured | % errordifference × 100
accepted
PHYSICS
Metrology The Science of Measurement
• A good physical measurement must be accurate and precise.
accuracy —
precision — The degree of certainty in a measurement.
A comparison of your measurement to someaccepted value.
It is determined by the number of significantfigures in the measurement.
Pg 25
= | predicted − measured | % difference × 200predicted + measured
• Percent difference is used when comparing experimental results (e.g., a predicted value and a measured value) obtained using two different methods.
Warm Up (11/18/15) — Test 4 RevAP
PHYS
Chapter 5 I Force and Motion-l10.0 N force directed horizontally to the left. The blocks havea combined mass of I2.0 kg. Wh at are the magnitudes of (a)their acceleration in Fig. 5-50a and (b) forc e1?s{F53 Two blocks are in contact ona frictionless table. A horizontalforce is applied to the larger block,as shown in Fig. 5-51. (u) If m1 : 2.3kg, *r.: I.2 kg, and F - 3.2 N, findthe magnitude of the force betweenthe two blocks. (b) Show that if aforce of the same magnitude F is applied to the srnaller blockbut in the opposite direction, the magnitude of the force be-tween the blocks is 2.1 N, which is not the same value calcu-lated in (a). (c) Explain the difference. ssM ILW wwws6S4 In Fig. 5-52,three ballot boxes are connected by cords, oneof which wraps over a pulley having negligible friction on its axleand negligible mass. The three masses are tTtA : 30.0 kg,tnB : 40.0 kg, and tn6: 10.0 kg.When the assembly is releasedfrom rest, (a) what is the tensionin the cord connecting B and C,and (b) how far does .4 move inthe first 0.250 s (assuming it does
(a) What is the magnitude of the least acceleration the mon-k"y must have if it is to lift the package off the ground? If, af-ter the package has been lifted, the monkey stops its climb andholds onto the rope, what are the (b) magnitude and (c) direc-tion of the monkey's acceleration and (d) the tension in therope? ssM
#sSS An 85 kg man lowers himself to the ground from aheight of 10.0 m by holding onto a rope that runs over a fric-tionless pulley to a 65 kg sandbag. With what speed does theman hit the ground if he started from rest?8@SS A block of mass //t1 :3.70 kg on a frictionless planeinclined at angle I : 30.0" isconnected by a cord over amassless, frictionless pulley to asecond block of mass //tz: 2.30kg (Fig. 5-55). What are (a) themagnitude of the accelerationof each block, (b) the direction of the acceleration of the hang-ing block, and (c) the tension in the cord? rtw*"SS Figure 5-56 shows aman sitting in a bosun's chairthat dangles from a masslessrope, which runs over a mass-less, frictionless pulley and backdown to the man's hand. Thecombined mass of man andchair is 95.0 kg. With what forcemagnitude must the man pullon the rope if he is to rise(a) with a constant velocity and(b) with an upwarC accelera-tion of 1.30 m/s2? (Hint: Afree-body diagram can really help.)
If the rope on the right ex-tends to the ground and ispulled by a co-worker, with what force magnitude must the co-worker pull for the man to rise (c) with a constant velocity and(d) with an upward acceleration of 1.30 m/s2? What is the mag-nitude of the force on the ceiling from the pulley system in (e)part a,(f ) part b,(g) part c, and (h) part d?es$'l A hot-air balloon of mass M is descending vertically withdownward acceleration of magnitude a. How much mass (ballast)must be thrown out to give the balloon an upward acceleration ofmagnitude a? Assume that the upward force from the air (the lift)does not change because of the decrease rn mass. ssM tLW
{so$? Figure 5-46 shows a 5.00 kg block being pulled along africtionless floor by a cord that applies a force of constantmagnitude 20.0 N but with an angle 0(t) that varies with time.When angle 0:25.0o, at what rate is the block's accelera-tion changing if (a) 0(t) - (2.00 x I0-2 deg/s)r and (b) 0(t) -- (2.00 x I0-2 deg/s)r? (Hint: Switch to radians.)*eo$$ Figure 5-53 shows Atwood's machine, in which twocontainers are connected by a cord (of negligible mass) pass-ing over a frrctionless pulley (also of negligible mass). At timet : O,container t has mass 1.30 kg and container 2 has mass 2.80kg, but container 1 is losing mass (through a leak) at the con-stant rate of 0.200 kg/s. At what rate is the acceleration magni-tude of the containers changing at (a) t : 0 and (b) r - 3.00 s?(c) When does the acceleration reach its maximum value?
F$ffi" 5-SX Problem 53.
Ffiffi" 5-SA Problem 54.
F$ffi. S-SS Problem 59.
not reach the pulley)?ssSS Figure 5-53 shows two blocksconnected by a cord (of negligiblemass) that passes over a frictionlesspulley (also of negligible mass). Thearrangement is known as Atwood'smachine. One block has mass wly: 1.30kg; the other has mass tn2:2.80 kg.What are (a) the magnitude of theblocks' acceleration and (b) the tensionin the cord?s*S6 In shot putting, many athletes F$ffi" S-Sff problemselect to launch the shot at an angle that is 55 and 63.smaller than the theoretical one (about42") at which the distance of a projected ball at the same speedand height is greatest. One reason has to do with the speed theathlete can give the shot during the acceleration phase of thethrow. Assume that a7 .260 kg shot is accelerated along a straightpath of length 1.650 rn by a constant applied force of magnitude380.0 \ starting with an initial speed of 2.500 m/s (due to the ath-lete's preliminary motion). Whatis the shot's speed at the end ofthe acceleration phase if the an-gle between the path and thehorizontal is (a) 30.00" and (b)42.00"? (Hint: Tleat the motionas though it were along a rampat the given angle.) (.) Bywhat percent is the launchspeed decreased if the athleteincreases the angle from30.00" to 42.00"?{bsSY A 10 kg monkey climbsup a massless rope that runsover a frictionless tree limband back down to a 15 kg pack-age on the ground (Fig. 5-54).
F$ffi" S-S& Problem 60.
FilG. S-54 Problem5l .
A man sitting in a bosun's chair that dangles from a massless rope, which runs over a massless, frictionless pulley and back down to the man's hand. The combined mass of man and chair is 95.0 kg. With what force magnitude must the man pull on the rope if he is to rise (a) with a constant velocity and (b) with an upward acceleration of 1.30 m/s2? (Hint: A free body diagram can really help.)
Fw=mg
TF
Fnet = ma; system: man & chair
Fg + 2FT = ma-mg + 2FT = ma
F = ?
FT = m(a + g)2
a) FT = 95kg(0 + 9.8)m/s2
2= 466 N
b) FT = 95kg(1.3 + 9.8)m/s2
2= 527 N
Warm Up (11/18/15) — Test 4 RevAP
PHYS
If the rope on the right extends to the ground and is pulled by a coworker, with what force magnitude must the coworker pull for the man to rise (c) with a constant velocity and (d) with an upward acceleration of 1.30 m/s2?
Fw=mg
TF-mg + FT = ma
c)
→ FT = m(a + g)
FT = 95kg(0 + 9.8m/s2) = 931 N
d) FT = 95kg(1.30 + 9.8)m/s2
FT = 1050 N
Warm Up (11/18/15) — Test 4 RevAP
PHYS
What is the magnitude of the force on the ceiling from the pulley system in (e) part a, (f ) part b, (g) part c, and (h) part d?
e)
Chapter 5 I Force and Motion-l10.0 N force directed horizontally to the left. The blocks havea combined mass of I2.0 kg. Wh at are the magnitudes of (a)their acceleration in Fig. 5-50a and (b) forc e1?s{F53 Two blocks are in contact ona frictionless table. A horizontalforce is applied to the larger block,as shown in Fig. 5-51. (u) If m1 : 2.3kg, *r.: I.2 kg, and F - 3.2 N, findthe magnitude of the force betweenthe two blocks. (b) Show that if aforce of the same magnitude F is applied to the srnaller blockbut in the opposite direction, the magnitude of the force be-tween the blocks is 2.1 N, which is not the same value calcu-lated in (a). (c) Explain the difference. ssM ILW wwws6S4 In Fig. 5-52,three ballot boxes are connected by cords, oneof which wraps over a pulley having negligible friction on its axleand negligible mass. The three masses are tTtA : 30.0 kg,tnB : 40.0 kg, and tn6: 10.0 kg.When the assembly is releasedfrom rest, (a) what is the tensionin the cord connecting B and C,and (b) how far does .4 move inthe first 0.250 s (assuming it does
(a) What is the magnitude of the least acceleration the mon-k"y must have if it is to lift the package off the ground? If, af-ter the package has been lifted, the monkey stops its climb andholds onto the rope, what are the (b) magnitude and (c) direc-tion of the monkey's acceleration and (d) the tension in therope? ssM
#sSS An 85 kg man lowers himself to the ground from aheight of 10.0 m by holding onto a rope that runs over a fric-tionless pulley to a 65 kg sandbag. With what speed does theman hit the ground if he started from rest?8@SS A block of mass //t1 :3.70 kg on a frictionless planeinclined at angle I : 30.0" isconnected by a cord over amassless, frictionless pulley to asecond block of mass //tz: 2.30kg (Fig. 5-55). What are (a) themagnitude of the accelerationof each block, (b) the direction of the acceleration of the hang-ing block, and (c) the tension in the cord? rtw*"SS Figure 5-56 shows aman sitting in a bosun's chairthat dangles from a masslessrope, which runs over a mass-less, frictionless pulley and backdown to the man's hand. Thecombined mass of man andchair is 95.0 kg. With what forcemagnitude must the man pullon the rope if he is to rise(a) with a constant velocity and(b) with an upwarC accelera-tion of 1.30 m/s2? (Hint: Afree-body diagram can really help.)
If the rope on the right ex-tends to the ground and ispulled by a co-worker, with what force magnitude must the co-worker pull for the man to rise (c) with a constant velocity and(d) with an upward acceleration of 1.30 m/s2? What is the mag-nitude of the force on the ceiling from the pulley system in (e)part a,(f ) part b,(g) part c, and (h) part d?es$'l A hot-air balloon of mass M is descending vertically withdownward acceleration of magnitude a. How much mass (ballast)must be thrown out to give the balloon an upward acceleration ofmagnitude a? Assume that the upward force from the air (the lift)does not change because of the decrease rn mass. ssM tLW
{so$? Figure 5-46 shows a 5.00 kg block being pulled along africtionless floor by a cord that applies a force of constantmagnitude 20.0 N but with an angle 0(t) that varies with time.When angle 0:25.0o, at what rate is the block's accelera-tion changing if (a) 0(t) - (2.00 x I0-2 deg/s)r and (b) 0(t) -- (2.00 x I0-2 deg/s)r? (Hint: Switch to radians.)*eo$$ Figure 5-53 shows Atwood's machine, in which twocontainers are connected by a cord (of negligible mass) pass-ing over a frrctionless pulley (also of negligible mass). At timet : O,container t has mass 1.30 kg and container 2 has mass 2.80kg, but container 1 is losing mass (through a leak) at the con-stant rate of 0.200 kg/s. At what rate is the acceleration magni-tude of the containers changing at (a) t : 0 and (b) r - 3.00 s?(c) When does the acceleration reach its maximum value?
F$ffi" 5-SX Problem 53.
Ffiffi" 5-SA Problem 54.
F$ffi. S-SS Problem 59.
not reach the pulley)?ssSS Figure 5-53 shows two blocksconnected by a cord (of negligiblemass) that passes over a frictionlesspulley (also of negligible mass). Thearrangement is known as Atwood'smachine. One block has mass wly: 1.30kg; the other has mass tn2:2.80 kg.What are (a) the magnitude of theblocks' acceleration and (b) the tensionin the cord?s*S6 In shot putting, many athletes F$ffi" S-Sff problemselect to launch the shot at an angle that is 55 and 63.smaller than the theoretical one (about42") at which the distance of a projected ball at the same speedand height is greatest. One reason has to do with the speed theathlete can give the shot during the acceleration phase of thethrow. Assume that a7 .260 kg shot is accelerated along a straightpath of length 1.650 rn by a constant applied force of magnitude380.0 \ starting with an initial speed of 2.500 m/s (due to the ath-lete's preliminary motion). Whatis the shot's speed at the end ofthe acceleration phase if the an-gle between the path and thehorizontal is (a) 30.00" and (b)42.00"? (Hint: Tleat the motionas though it were along a rampat the given angle.) (.) Bywhat percent is the launchspeed decreased if the athleteincreases the angle from30.00" to 42.00"?{bsSY A 10 kg monkey climbsup a massless rope that runsover a frictionless tree limband back down to a 15 kg pack-age on the ground (Fig. 5-54).
F$ffi" S-S& Problem 60.
FilG. S-54 Problem5l .
Fw=mg
TF FT
FTFT
2×FT = 2×(466 N)= 932 N
f) 2×FT = 2×(527 N)= 1054 N
g) 2×FT = 2×(931 N)= 1862 N
h) 2×FT = 2×(931 N)= 2100 N