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AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

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Page 1: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

AP Literature and Composition

“It’s a moody Monday!”

November 16, 2009

Mr. Houghteling

Page 2: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Agenda:

1. Quickwrite—your definitions of comedy and tragedy.

2. Scoring/collecting the Sula essays.

3. “Description of the Morning” review.

4. Aristotle’s Poetics - Key definitions and excerpts from the section we read and from the text as a whole - Take notes.

Page 3: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Today is a busy day.

Please take out the following documents:-Your Sula essay.-The AP score guide (provided last week).-Your copy of “Description of the Morning.” -Aristotle’s Poetics.

Page 4: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Quickwrite

• What is your definition of a comedy?

• What is your definition of a tragedy?

Analyze your responses:

Do comedies and tragedies share any characteristics? If so, what are they? How do the two differ?

Page 5: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Scoring the Sula essay.

• While you create your own definitions, you should score your own essay using the AP guide.

• We have read the score guide carefully; put your numeric score on the back of your essay.

Page 6: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Aristotle’s Poetics:

Together with Plato (his teacher) and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. He was the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy.

Much of our understanding of rhetoric and literature is based on Aristotle’s treatise, Poetics.

Page 7: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Homework Assignment - Due Tuesday: 1. Read and annotate (mark!) the

provided excerpt from Aristotle’s Poetics.

2. On a separate sheet of paper, identify Aristotle’s definitions of the following terms: poetry, comedy, tragedy, plot, character, and thought.

Page 8: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Aristotle’s Poetics:

All art is imitation.

Art differs in what and how it imitates.

Aristotle’s Poetics is a direct reflection of his teacher’s -- Plato’s -- treatise, The Republic.

Page 9: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Plato’s The Republic:

According to Plato's Theory of Forms, objects in this world are imitations or approximations of ideal Forms that are the true reality. A chair in this world is just an imitation of the Form of Chair.

Page 10: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Aristotle’s definition of comedy: • “Comedy is…an imitation of

characters of a lower type, not, however, in the fully sense of the word bad… It consists in some defect or ugliness which is not painful or destructive.”

• Comedy imitates the imperfect and grotesque; however, it does not cause harm or hurt.

Page 11: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Aristotle’s Poetics - Tragedy• Aristotle praises Oedipus the King as

the model of a perfect tragedy.

• Using Sophocles’ play, Aristotle defined tragedy as “an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude.”

• He also stated that tragedy triggers two emotions: pity and fear.

Page 12: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

History of Tragedy• Tragedy stems from earlier drama that

was religious in nature.

• The original religious plays usually dealt with issues regarding fate in human life and the relationship between gods and mortals.

• Greek tragedies maintain these qualities.

Page 13: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Tragic Hero

• A tragic hero is a dignified or noble character who is central to the drama.

Page 14: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Tragic Flaw

• The tragic hero possesses a defect, or TRAGIC FLAW, that brings about or contributes to his or her own downfall.

• Examples: poor judgment, pride, greed, narcissism, etc.

Page 15: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Tragic Flaw continued…• The flaw may also be something that is

otherwise valued in society, but the tragic hero possess too much/an extreme version of the flaw.

• For example: Ambition in MacbethAmbition is often an admirable quality, but in Shakespeare’s play, the tragic hero, Macbeth, possesses too much, which ultimately leads to his death.

Page 16: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Dramatic Irony

• Often, the hero is unaware of some information that the audience knows.

• This may include knowing that the character possesses too much of a particular trait.

Page 17: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Catharsis• Definition: a purifying or

figurative cleansing of the emotions, especially as an effect of tragic drama.

• Arguably, one of the reasons why we need art: to cope with those things that would be otherwise too difficult to process.

Page 18: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Catharsis• We enjoy watching tragedies

because we can empathize with the emotions the tragic hero undergoes throughout the drama.

• We feel what the hero feels, yet we do not have to endure the trial that the hero endures.

Page 19: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Other definitions from Poetics: Plot = action; “the soul of a tragedy”

Character = ethos; distinct qualities that are ascribed to “an agent”

Thought = something that is proven to be or not to be or a generally accepted truth. The argument or main idea.

Diction = meaning of words (word choice)

Spectacle = the setting

Page 20: AP Literature and Composition “It’s a moody Monday!” November 16, 2009 Mr. Houghteling

Homework:

Review Aristotle’s Poetics.

Study his definitions of the provided key terms.

Be prepared for tomorrow’s quiz.

Bring your textbook to class tomorrow.