AP Euro Today AP Euro Today 9/199/19 Outcome: Outcome: You’ll be able to You’ll be able to

describe the tangled describe the tangled relationship of Queen relationship of Queen Elizabeth and Mary, Queen of Elizabeth and Mary, Queen of Scots. Then you’ll do a little Scots. Then you’ll do a little spy work.spy work.

Begin HWBegin HW: 496-97. The : 496-97. The ArmadaArmada

One of the greatest soap One of the greatest soap operas in European operas in European

history…history…

The The entangled entangled lives of lives of Elizabeth I Elizabeth I and Mary and Mary Stuart, Stuart, Queen of Queen of Scots Scots (right)(right)

Mary Stuart, Mary Stuart, Queen of ScotsQueen of Scots

Why were she and Why were she and Elizabeth enemies?Elizabeth enemies?

How were their How were their relationships with men relationships with men totally different?totally different?

Why did Elizabeth Why did Elizabeth havehave to have Mary executed?to have Mary executed?

Royal Cousins, Royal Royal Cousins, Royal EnemiesEnemies

Mary was the Mary was the granddaughter of Henry granddaughter of Henry VIII’s sister, Margaret, VIII’s sister, Margaret, making them second making them second cousins.cousins.Here are Elizabeth (left) Here are Elizabeth (left) and Mary (right) at about and Mary (right) at about thirteen. Mary was nine thirteen. Mary was nine years younger than years younger than Elizabeth.Elizabeth.

Reasons why Mary Reasons why Mary Stuart & Elizabeth Stuart & Elizabeth

Tudor were enemiesTudor were enemies Mirror, Mirror,

mirror on mirror on the wall…the wall…

The The religious religious dividedivide

Two royal Two royal egosegos

One more difference?One more difference?

Elizabeth didn’t Elizabeth didn’t have an have an heir,heir, Mary did – a son!Mary did – a son!

Elizabeth was Elizabeth was facing the same facing the same issue her father issue her father had—what if she had—what if she died without a died without a son?son?

BecauseBecause Mary had a son Mary had a son

Might she a Might she a better bet for better bet for England’s England’s future?future?

But if Elizabeth could look But if Elizabeth could look ahead in time…ahead in time…

She would learn She would learn that she would be that she would be remembered as a remembered as a far, far greater far, far greater monarch than monarch than Mary—perhaps Mary—perhaps the greatest of the greatest of allall the English the English kings and queens.kings and queens.

The Men in their Lives…The Men in their Lives…

Elizabeth was evidently in love Elizabeth was evidently in love with courtier with courtier Robert Dudley,Robert Dudley,

who was married. But his wife, who was married. But his wife, Amy, was sickly…Amy, was sickly…

Their attraction was an Their attraction was an open secret…open secret…

Dudley went too far Dudley went too far once.once.

While playing a While playing a heated tennis match, heated tennis match, he strode up to he strode up to Elizabeth, took her Elizabeth, took her handkerchief, wiped handkerchief, wiped his face, and casually his face, and casually tossed it back.tossed it back.

Rude, dude.Rude, dude.

The plot thickened when The plot thickened when Dudley’s wife, Amy…Dudley’s wife, Amy…

Mysteriously fell down a flight of Mysteriously fell down a flight of stairs and broke her neck. stairs and broke her neck.

It was too “convenient.” If there had It was too “convenient.” If there had been a romance, between Elizabeth been a romance, between Elizabeth and Dudley, it was now destroyed. and Dudley, it was now destroyed. Elizabeth had to send him away.Elizabeth had to send him away.

Elizabeth flirted but never got Elizabeth flirted but never got serious with another man—she was serious with another man—she was “married to England.”“married to England.”

UnlikeUnlike Elizabeth, it was men who Elizabeth, it was men who dominated—and complicated—Mary dominated—and complicated—Mary Stuart’s life.Stuart’s life.

Mary’s Men…Mary’s Men… In 1558, at 16, she In 1558, at 16, she

married the married the French King French King ((Francis II).Francis II).

It was a good It was a good match—Mary was match—Mary was the King of the King of Scotland’s only Scotland’s only child, and France child, and France could take could take advantage of this advantage of this alliance.alliance.

But Francis died a But Francis died a year later.year later.

The widow was a catchThe widow was a catch

Her creamy Her creamy skin, reddish-skin, reddish-golden hair and golden hair and her lively spirit her lively spirit were formidable. were formidable. When she When she batted her long batted her long eyelashes, eyelashes, strong men’s strong men’s knees buckled.knees buckled.

Marriage #2Marriage #2 In 1561, Mary In 1561, Mary

returned to returned to Scotland, the land Scotland, the land of her birth, of her birth, marrying marrying Lord Lord Darnley.Darnley.

She liked his She liked his looks.looks.

He liked his He liked his Scotch.Scotch.

The Rizzio Murder should The Rizzio Murder should reveal Darnley’s character reveal Darnley’s character

to you…to you… Darnley was jealous of the Darnley was jealous of the

affection Mary felt for her affection Mary felt for her secretary, David Rizzio.secretary, David Rizzio.

At her palace in Edinburgh, At her palace in Edinburgh, Holyrood House, Darnley Holyrood House, Darnley and his friends butchered a and his friends butchered a terrified Rizzio in front of terrified Rizzio in front of Mary’s eyes.Mary’s eyes.

They stabbed him more They stabbed him more than fifty times.than fifty times.

Mary’s friends Mary’s friends volunteer to bump off volunteer to bump off

Darnley, who has Darnley, who has become increasingly become increasingly

abusive.abusive. In 1567, they In 1567, they blow up his blow up his home.home.

They They justjust miss him. miss him. Darnley, hearing Darnley, hearing

noises in his basement, noises in his basement, is running away—still is running away—still wearing his nightgown.wearing his nightgown.

He runs head-on, in He runs head-on, in the garden, into the the garden, into the plotters.plotters.

So they strangle him.So they strangle him. Mary married the Mary married the

leader of the plotters: leader of the plotters: The Earl of Bothwell The Earl of Bothwell (right)(right)

The Earl of Bothwell

All of this drama All of this drama happened…happened…

Before Before Mary Mary turned 25 turned 25 years old.years old.

Outraged at her marriage Outraged at her marriage to an apparent murderer, to an apparent murderer,

the Scots chased Mary from the Scots chased Mary from country.country.

Scots posted Scots posted graffiti like graffiti like

this. A this. A “mermaid” “mermaid”

was slang for a was slang for a whore.whore.

So Mary fled to So Mary fled to EnglandEngland

She appealed She appealed to Elizabeth to Elizabeth for for protection.protection.

Mary had to leave Mary had to leave Scotland in a hurry…Scotland in a hurry…

Her luggage—Her luggage—probably lost by probably lost by British Airways?—British Airways?—winds up in winds up in Elizabeth’s Elizabeth’s possession. possession.

The Queen (ahem!) The Queen (ahem!) “liberates” some of “liberates” some of Mary Stuart’s Mary Stuart’s jewelryjewelry

The troubled life of Mary The troubled life of Mary Queen of Scots, gets MORE Queen of Scots, gets MORE

troubled.troubled. Mary will be

housed in different homes & castles for 17 years

Elizabeth constantly suspected Mary of plotting to overthrow her. Rightly so.

Mary’s downfall…Mary’s downfall…

Will come from her Will come from her dependence on dependence on another man—a another man—a Catholic rebel named Catholic rebel named Anthony Babington.Anthony Babington.

It will be Elizabeth I’s It will be Elizabeth I’s chief of spies, chief of spies, Sir Sir FrancisFrancis WalshinghamWalshingham (right), who provides (right), who provides the evidence that the evidence that dooms the Queen of dooms the Queen of Scots.Scots.

Later in class…Later in class… You’ll see why You’ll see why

Elizabeth Elizabeth hadhad to have Mary to have Mary executed—executed—you’ll break you’ll break the same the same secret code secret code that that Walshingham’s Walshingham’s agents broke.agents broke.

For Philip II, Mary’s For Philip II, Mary’s death represented a death represented a

second failuresecond failure His first attempt at re-Catholicizing His first attempt at re-Catholicizing

England—and making it an ally, England—and making it an ally, rather than an enemy—had failed rather than an enemy—had failed with the death of his wife, Mary I with the death of his wife, Mary I (“Bloody Mary”)(“Bloody Mary”)

His second attempt ended with Mary His second attempt ended with Mary Stuart’s (Queen of Scots) executionStuart’s (Queen of Scots) execution

Now, he would use Now, he would use forceforce to subdue to subdue EnglandEngland

The Armada will provide The Armada will provide Elizabeth with the Elizabeth with the

opportunity to make this opportunity to make this speech, at Tilbury, England, speech, at Tilbury, England,

as the Armada nears the as the Armada nears the coast. These are the words coast. These are the words

she used. Look at the she used. Look at the reaction of her soldiers.reaction of her soldiers.

Queen Elizabeth's Tilbury Speech - Anne-Marie Duff - YouTube

The The ironyirony of the of the Elizabeth-Mary rivalry?Elizabeth-Mary rivalry?

Mary’s son, King Mary’s son, King James VI of James VI of Scotland, would Scotland, would become James I become James I of Englandof England

Like Elizabeth, Like Elizabeth, James was heir James was heir to an executed to an executed queenqueen

Another great irony?Another great irony? As entangled As entangled

as their lives as their lives were, Mary were, Mary and Elizabeth and Elizabeth never met.never met.

Today, three queens are Today, three queens are buried at Westminster buried at Westminster

AbbeyAbbey

Elizabeth Elizabeth sharesshares her her tomb with the half-sister tomb with the half-sister who wasn’t all that nice who wasn’t all that nice

to her—Mary Tudor.to her—Mary Tudor. The two lie The two lie

side by side.side by side. Just around Just around

the corner…the corner…

All by herself, so she can All by herself, so she can be the center of be the center of

attention…attention… is Mary, Queen of Scots.is Mary, Queen of Scots.

Why did Elizabeth Why did Elizabeth havehave to have Mary to have Mary

executed?executed?

It’s your turn to It’s your turn to find out.find out.

Use the reading, “The Use the reading, “The Babington Plot,” to finish your Babington Plot,” to finish your class notes.class notes.

Once your notes are finished, Once your notes are finished, get to work: You are now one get to work: You are now one of Queen Elizabeth’s secret of Queen Elizabeth’s secret agents. agents.

Your job: Decode the message Your job: Decode the message Mary’s sent to her plotters!Mary’s sent to her plotters!