AP English Language AP Test Study Guide Transitional Devices: •Nevertheless •Inasmuch as •In particular •On the other hand •Moreover •Although Important Literary Devices: Anecdote- a story or brief episode told by the writer or character to illustrate a point Colloquial- use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone Connotation- the interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning(negative and positive) Diction- the author’s choice of words that creates a tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning Euphemism- a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable Oxymoron- an image of contradictory term( bitter-sweet, jumbo shrimp, pretty ugly) Syntax- the grammatical structure of prose and poetry Tone- author’s attitude toward his subject Coma Rules: 1. Use a comma before a conjunction to join two independent clauses 2. Use a comma to separate items in a series 3. Use a comma to set off introductory phrases and clauses, especially if the phrase or clause is long 4. Use commas to se off interrupters to the main sentence 5. Use commas to set off appositives 6. Use a comma to separate items in dates and addresses 7. Use a comma to separate two adjectives that precede and modify the same noun IF specific order is not necessary 8. Use a comma to separate the parts in an elliptical sentence 9. Use a comma to set off contrasting expressions 10.Use a comma to set off a tag at the end of a complete sentence The Writer or Narrator… •Evokes •Manipulates •Ignites •Hints at •Juxtaposes •Connotes •Emphasizes •Tackles •Delineates •Asserts •Solidifies Common Types of Tone: •Sincere •Sarcastic •Cynical •Witty •Educated •Informative •Playful •Solemn •Scientific •Ironic Tools Writers use to Achieve Tone: •Imagery •Syntax •Diction •Comical details •Facts •Symbols •Irony •Foreshadowing •Narration •Description Words to Avoid: •Be Verbs •Really, very, so •Thigns, stuff, et cetera •Got, deals with, •Slang •A lot •Second person “you” •Split infinitives •Colloquialism •Abbreviations •Mixed metaphors “Never apologize for showing feeling. When you do so, you apologize for the truth.” -Benjamin Disraeli Good Vocab: •Aloof- uninvolved, standing off, keeping one’s distance •Ameliorate- to make better or more tolerable •Antipathy- firm dislike, a dislike •Approbation- approval, praise •Arduous- hard, difficult •Cryptic- mysterious, mystifying •Conjure- to summon, to bring into being Common Fallacies: •Ad Hominen- criticizing the person rather than the issue, assumption, or point of view •Non-sequitur- occurs when a conclusion simply does not follow logically from a premise •Ambiguity- occurs when a statement is not clear because of poor wording or grammatical structure •Red Herring- introduce irrelevant material into a discussion so that attention is diverted from the real issue “One of the greatest gifts you can give to anyone is the gift of your attention.” –Jim Rohn

Ap English Language AP Exam Study Guide 2

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Another quick, easy AP English study guide that helped me review for the AP Exam

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Page 1: Ap English Language AP Exam Study Guide 2

AP English Language AP Test Study Guide

Transitional Devices:•Nevertheless•Inasmuch as•In particular•On the other hand•Moreover•Although

Important Literary Devices:Anecdote- a story or brief episode told by the writer or character to illustrate a pointColloquial- use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal toneConnotation- the interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning(negative and positive)Diction- the author’s choice of words that creates a tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaningEuphemism- a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortableOxymoron- an image of contradictory term( bitter-sweet, jumbo shrimp, pretty ugly)Syntax- the grammatical structure of prose and poetryTone- author’s attitude toward his subject

Coma Rules:1. Use a comma before a conjunction to join two independent clauses2. Use a comma to separate items in a series3. Use a comma to set off introductory phrases and clauses, especially if the

phrase or clause is long4. Use commas to se off interrupters to the main sentence5. Use commas to set off appositives6. Use a comma to separate items in dates and addresses7. Use a comma to separate two adjectives that precede and modify the same

noun IF specific order is not necessary8. Use a comma to separate the parts in an elliptical sentence9. Use a comma to set off contrasting expressions10. Use a comma to set off a tag at the end of a complete sentence

The Writer or Narrator…•Evokes•Manipulates•Ignites•Hints at•Juxtaposes•Connotes•Emphasizes•Tackles•Delineates•Asserts•Solidifies

Common Types of Tone:•Sincere•Sarcastic•Cynical•Witty•Educated•Informative•Playful•Solemn•Scientific•Ironic

Tools Writers use to Achieve Tone:•Imagery •Syntax•Diction•Comical details•Facts•Symbols•Irony•Foreshadowing•Narration•Description

Words to Avoid:•Be Verbs•Really, very, so•Thigns, stuff, et cetera•Got, deals with,•Slang•A lot•Second person “you”•Split infinitives•Colloquialism•Abbreviations•Mixed metaphors

“Never apologize for showing feeling. When you do so, you apologize for the truth.” -Benjamin Disraeli

Good Vocab:•Aloof-uninvolved, standing off, keeping one’s distance•Ameliorate- to make better or more tolerable•Antipathy- firm dislike, a dislike•Approbation- approval, praise•Arduous- hard, difficult•Cryptic- mysterious, mystifying•Conjure- to summon, to bring into being

Common Fallacies:•Ad Hominen- criticizing the person rather than the issue, assumption, or point of view•Non-sequitur- occurs when a conclusion simply does not follow logically from a premise•Ambiguity- occurs when a statement is not clear because of poor wording or grammatical structure•Red Herring- introduce irrelevant material into a discussion so that attention is diverted from the real issue

“One of the greatest gifts you can give to anyone is the gift of your attention.” –Jim Rohn