AP Chemistry

SummerAssignment• Readtheletteronthenextpage.• Completethe12worksheetsinthispacket.THEYAREDUEONTHEFIRSTDAYOFSCHOOL!

• Buy AP Chemistry Test Prep book (like from thePrinceton Review or 5 step to 5) and start lookingthroughit.

• Emailmewithquestions.• Cometothehelpsessionsifneeded!

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WelcometoAPChemistry!J

I’mgladthataftertakingoneyearofChemistry,youhavedecidedit’sasubjectthatyou’dliketolearnmoreabout.Theclasswillbechallenging,butthebiggestfactorindeterminingyoursuccesswillbetheamount of effort you put into the class. If you do the reading assignments and homework, you candefinitelybesuccessfulintheclassandultimatelyontheAPexam.

Wehavealotofmaterialtocoverinthisclass,sowewillstartoffbymakingsurethatweallhavethebasicsdown.Overthesummer,youareresponsiblefordoingtheworksheetsinthisreviewpacket.They are due on the first day of school andwill be your first grade! Youwill have a test on thismaterialat theendof the firstweekofschool.Thematerial in thispacketshouldbemostly reviewfromyourfirstyearofChemistry.YouwillfindthatmuchoftheAPChemistrycurriculumconsistsofthesametopicsthatyoucoveredlastyear,butinmoredepth.

If you get stuck on a problem or a certain type of problem, trymoving on to the next part. Theseproblemscoverawidevarietyoftopics,soyoumightbeabletodothenextpartandthengobacktothepreviousoneslater.Iamalsoincludingacopyofyournewperiodictable.ThisistheversionthatisprovidedontheAPexam,soyoushouldstartgettingusedtoit.Youmightnoticethatthereisnolistofpolyatomicionsontheback.Thatisbecauseyouareexpectedtoknowthem!

IwouldalsorecommendthatyoubuyanAPChemistrytestprepbook.Thereareseveralavailable,andtheyareallgood. (Lastyear’sclass recommended5steps to5andthePrincetonReview.)Readtheintroduction,andtakethediagnostictestinit.Thiswillgiveyouanideaofwhereyouarestarting.Youcouldalsoreadandhighlightthechaptersonthebasicsandstoichiometry.Thesebooksarevaluablebecausetheyprovidemanysamplequestionstogetyoureadfortheexam.

Ihopethatyouwillworkonthishomeworkassignmentthroughoutthesummer,andnotputitalloffuntilthelastminute!Inordertoencourageyoutostartearly,Iwillbeavailableinourclassroomattheschool.IwillpostthedatesandtimesonHaiku.Thesesessionsaredesignedtoanswerquestionsandhelp you through any homework problems. Hopefully this way you can get started and get anyquestionsanswered,andnothaveanyexcusesfornothavingyourworkdoneonthefirstdayofschool!

Ifyouwouldliketocheckoutabookatoneofthosehelpsessions,thatisonewayyoucangethelpwiththematerial. Therearealsomanyhelpfulwebsiteswhereyoucan findanychemistry informationorhelpyoumightneed. Inaddition,pleasefeel freetoemailmeatanypointduringthesummerifyouhave questions or concerns, or just need help on a homework problem. My email address isHarshal.patolia@saintjosephprep.org.Iamreallylookingforwardtothisclass,andIhopeyouaretoo.Goodluck,andhavefunwiththatstoichiometry!Emailmewithanyquestions,orI’llseeyouatthehelpsessions!Mr.Patolia

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Name:________________________ APChemistryWorksheet1:SignificantFiguresandDimensionalAnalysisForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork. Alwaysuseunitsandboxyourfinalanswer.

1. Round each of the following numbers to four significant figures, and express the result in

scientificnotation:

a. 300.235800 _______________

b. 456,500 _______________

c. 0.006543210 _______________

d. 0.000957830 _______________

e. –0.035000 _______________

2. Carry out the following operations, and express the answerswith the appropriate number of

significantfigures:a. 1.24056+75.80 _______________

b. 23/67-75 _______________

c. 890,000x112.3 _______________

d. 78,132/2.50 _______________

3. Performthefollowingconversions: (Youneedtogoonlinetolookupsomeconversionfactors

betweenmetricandEnglishunits.)a. 8.60mitom _______________

b. 3.00daystos _______________

c. $1.55/galtodollarsperliter _______________

d. 75.00mi/hrtom/s _______________

e. 55.35ft3tocm3 _______________

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4. Thedensityofpuresilver is10.5g/cm3at20oC. If5.25gofpuresilverpelletsareaddedtoa

graduated cylinder containing 11.2 mL of water, to what volume level will the water in thecylinderrise?

5. Thedensityofairatordinaryatmosphericpressureand25oC is1.19g/L. What is themass, in

kilograms,oftheairinaroomthatmeasures12.5x15.5x8.0ft?

APChemistryWorksheet2:StructureoftheAtomandthePeriodicTableForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. WhatwerethemainpointsofDalton’sAtomicTheory?Whichofthesepointsarestillacceptedtoday?Whichonesdowenolongeraccept,andwhy?

2. Summarizetheevidenceusedby J.J.Thomsontoarguethatcathoderaysconsistofnegatively

chargedparticles.

3. Let’s pretend youareholding twoatomsof carbon that are isotopes. Describewhat the twoatomshaveincommonandwhattheyhavedifferent.

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4. Fillinthegapsinthefollowingtable,assumingeachcolumnrepresentsaneutralatom:

5. Writethecorrectsymbol,withbothsuperscriptsandsubscripts,foreachofthefollowing:

(a) theisotopeofsodiumwithmass23 _______________

(b) theatomofvanadiumthatcontains28neutrons

_______________

(c) theisotopeofchlorinewithmass37 _______________

(d) anatomofmagnesiumthathasanequalnumberofprotonsandneutrons

_______________6. Givethenameandthecommonchargeforelements 7. Describe where each type of

elementfoundineachofthesegroupsofthePeriodicTable:isfoundonthePeriodicTable.

(a) Group1 (a)Metals

(b) Group2 (b)Non-metals

(c) Group17 (c)Transitionmetals

(d) Group18 (d)Lanthanides

(e)Actinides

Symbol

3919K

Protons

25 82

Neutrons

30 64

Electrons

48 56

Mass#

137 207

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APChemistryWorksheet3:NamingInorganicCompoundsForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. Givethenameforeachofthefollowingioniccompounds:

a. AlF3

b. Fe(OH)2

c. Cu(NO3)2

d. Ba(ClO4)2

e. Li3PO4

f. Hg2S

g. Ca(C2H3O2)2

h. Cr2(CO3)3

i. K2CrO4

j. (NH4)2SO4

2. Writethechemicalformulaforeachofthefollowingcompounds:

a. copper(I)oxide

b. potassiumperoxide

c. aluminumhydroxide

d. zincnitrate

e. mercury(I)bromide

f. iron(III)carbonate

g. sodiumhypobromite

3. Givethenameorchemicalformula,asappropriate,foreachofthefollowingacids:

a. HBrO3

b. HBr

c. H3PO4

d. hypochlorousacid

e. iodicacid

f. sulfurousacid

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4. Give the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following molecular

substances:

a. SF6

b. IF5

c. XeO3

d. dinitrogentetroxide

e. hydrogencyanide

f. tetraphosphoroushexasulfide

5. Writethebalancedchemicalequationforeachreactiongivenbelow.

a. Zinccarbonatecanbeheatedtoformzincoxideandcarbondioxide

b. Ontreatmentwithhydrofluoricacid,silicondioxideformssilicontetrafluorideandwater.

c. Sulfurdioxidereactswithwatertoformsulfurousacid.

d. Liquidbutanefuel(C4H10)burnsinthepresenceofoxygengas.

e. Perchloricacidreactswithcadmiumtoformcadmiumperchlorateandagas.

f. Asolutionofsodiumbromidereactionswithasolutionofvanadium(III)nitratetoformabrightlycoloredprecipitate.

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APChemistryWorksheet4:AtomicandMolecularMassesForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. Whatisotopeisusedasthestandardinestablishingtheatomicmassscale?

2. Theatomicweightofmagnesiumisreportedas24.3,yetnoatomofmagnesiumhasthemassof24.3amu.Explain.

3. Only two isotopes of copper occur naturally, Cu-63 (abundance 69.09 percent) and Cu-65(abundance30.91percent).Calculatetheaverageatomicmassofcopper.

4. Determinethemolarmassofeachofthefollowingcompounds:

a. N2O5

b. FeCO3

c. Ca(C2H3O2)2

d. (NH4)3PO4

e. sodiumnitrate

f. copper(II)sulfate

g. disiliconhexabromide

5. Calculatethepercentagebymassofoxygeninthefollowingcompounds:

a. NO2

b. CH3COOCH3

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c. Cr(NO3)3

d. (NH4)2CO3

APChemistryWorksheet5:BalancingEquations&PatternsofReactivityForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. Balancethefollowingequations:

a. CO(g)+O2(g)-->CO2(g)

b. N2O5(g)+H2O(l)-->HNO3(aq)

c. PCl5(l)+H2O(l)-->H3PO4(aq)+HCl(aq)

d. CH4(g)+Br2(g)-->CBr4(l)+HBr(g)

e. C5H10O2(l)+O2(g)-->CO2(g)+H2O(l)

f. Cr(OH)3(s)+HClO4(aq)-->Cr(ClO4)3(aq)+H2O(l)

2. Writebalancedchemicalequationstocorrespondtoeachofthefollowingdescriptions:

a. Solid calcium carbide, CaC2, reactswithwater to form an aqueous solution of calciumhydroxideandacetylenegas,C2H2.

b. Whensolidpotassiumchlorateisheated,itdecomposestoformsolidpotassiumchlorideandoxygengas.

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c. Solidzincmetalreactswithsulfuricacidtoformhydrogengasandanaqueoussolutionofzincsulfate.

d. When liquid phosphorous trichloride is added towater, it reacts to form a solution ofphosphorousacidandhydrochloricacid.

e. When hydrogen sulfide gas is passes over solid hot iron (III) hydroxide, the reactionproducessolidiron(III)sulfideandgaseouswater.

3. a.Whatproductsformwhenahydrocarboniscompletelycombustedinair?

b. Writeabalancedchemicalequationforthecombustionofoctane,C8H18(l),inair.

c. How can you determine the chemical formula of the product formed when the metallicelementcalciumcombineswiththenonmetallicelementoxygen,O2?

d. Writethebalancedchemicalequationforthereactiondescribedin(c).

4. Writeabalancedchemicalequationforthereactionthatoccurswhen

a. thehydrocarbonheptane,C7H16(l),iscombustedinair

b. thegasolineadditiveMTBE(methyltertiary-butylether),C5H12O(l),burnsinair

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c. Rb(s)reactswithwater

d. Mg(s)reactswithCl2(g)

5. Balancethefollowingequations,andindicatewhattypeofreactioneachoneis:a. Al(s)+Cl2(g)-->AlCl3(s) ____________________

b. C2H4(g)+O2(g)-->CO2(g)+H2O(l) ____________________

c. Li(s)+N2(g)-->Li3N(s) ____________________

d. PbCO3(s)-->PbO(s)+CO2(g) ____________________

e. C7H8O2(l)+O2(g)-->CO2(g)+H2O(l) ____________________

APChemistryWorksheet6:TheMoleForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. The molecular formula of aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed as NutraSweet, isC14H18N2O5.

a. Whatisthemolarmassofaspartame?

b. Howmanymolesofaspartamearepresentin1.00mgofaspartame?(1000mg=1g)

c. Howmanymoleculesofaspartamearepresentin1.00mgofaspartame?

d. Howmanyhydrogenatomsarepresentin1.00mgofaspartame?

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2. Asampleofglucose,C6H12O6,contains2.03x1021atomsofcarbon.

a. Howmanyatomsofhydrogendoesitcontain?

b. Howmanymoleculesofglucosedoesitcontain?

c. Howmanymolesofglucosedoesitcontain?

d. Whatisthemassofthesampleingrams?

3. Calculatethefollowingamounts:

a. Howmanymolesofchlorideionsarein0.0750gofmagnesiumchloride?

b. Whatisthemass,ingrams,of3.50x10-3molofaluminumsulfate?

c. Whatisthemass,ingrams,of1.75x1020moleculesofcaffeine,C8H10N4O2?

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d. Whatisthemolarmassofcholesterolif0.00105molweigh0.406g?

4. Calculatethenumberofmoleculesin:a. 0.0666molpropane,C3H8,ahydrocarbonfuel

b. A 50.0 mg tablet of acetaminophen, C8H9O2N, an analgesic solid under the name ofTylenol

c. Atablespoonoftablesugar,C12H22O11,weighing10.5g

5. Theallowableconcentrationlevelofvinylchloride,C2H3Cl,intheatmosphereinachemicalplantis2.0x10-6g/L.

a. Howmanymolesofvinylchlorideineachliterdoesthisrepresent?

b. Howmanymoleculesperliteristhis? APChemistryWorksheet7:EmpiricalandMolecularFormulasForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. Determinetheempiricalformulaofeachofthefollowingcompoundsifasamplecontainsa. 0.104molK,0.052molC,and0.156molO

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b. 5.28gSnand3.37gF

c. 87.5percentNand12.5percentHbymass

2. Determinetheempiricalformulasofthecompoundswiththefollowingcompositionsbymassa. 10.4percentC,27.8percentS,and61.7percentCl

b. 21.7percentC,9.6percentO,and68.7percentF

3. Whatisthemolecularformulaofeachofthefollowingcompounds?a. empiricalformulaCH2,molarmass=84g/mol

b. empiricalformulaNH2Cl,molarmass=51.5g/mol

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4. Determinetheempiricalandmolecularformulasofeachofthefollowingsubstances:a. Ibuprofen, a headache remedy contains 75.69 percent C, 8.80 percent H, and 15.51

percentObymass;molarmassabout206g

b. Benzenecontainsonlycarbonandhydrogenandis7.74%hydrogenbymass.Themolarmassofbenzeneis78.1g/mol.

5. ManyhomesinruralAmericaareheatedbypropanegas,acompoundthatcontainsonlycarbonandhydrogen.Completecombustionofasampleofpropaneproduced2.641gofcarbondioxideand1.442gofwaterastheonlyproducts.Findtheempiricalformulaofpropane.(Hint:FigureouthowmanymolesofCandHwereproduced.Theyallcamefromthefuel.)

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6. (This is probably the hardest problem in thewhole packet!) Menthol, the substancewe cansmellinmentholatedcoughdrops,iscomposedofC,H,andO.A0.1005gsampleofmentholiscombusted,producing0.2829gofCO2and0.1159gofH2O.

a. Whatistheempiricalformulaformenthol?b. Ifthecompoundhasamolarmassof156g/mol,whatisitsmolecularformula?

APChemistryWorksheet8:ChemicalEquationsandCalculationsForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. Whyisitessentialtousebalancedchemicalequationsinsolvingstoichiometryproblems?

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2. Thefermentationofglucose,C6H12O6,producesethylalcohol,C2H5OH,andCO2asshownhere:

C6H12O6(aq)-->2C2H5OH(aq)+2CO2(g)

a. HowmanymolesofCO2areproducedwhen0.300molofC6H12O6reactsinthisfashion?

b. HowmanygramsofC6H12O6areneededtoform2.00gofC2H5OH?

c. HowmanymoleculesofCO2formwhen2.00gofC2H5OHareproduced?

3. Aluminumsulfidereactswithwatertoformaluminumhydroxideandhydrogensulfide.a. Writethebalancedchemicalequationforthisreaction.

b. Howmanygramsofaluminumhydroxideareobtainedfrom10.5gofaluminumsulfide?

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4. Automotive air bags inflate when sodium azide, NaN3, rapidly decomposes to its componentelements:

2NaN3(s)-->Na(s)+3N2(g)

a. HowmanymolesofN2areproducedbythedecompositionof1.50molesofNaN3?

b. HowmanygramsofNaN3arerequiredtoform5.00gofnitrogengas?

c. HowmanygramsofNaN3arerequiredtoproduce10.0Lofnitrogengasifthegashasadensityof1.25g/L?

5. Apieceofaluminumfoil0.550mmthickand1.00cmsquareisallowedtoreactwithbrominetoformaluminumbromide.

a. Howmanymolesofaluminumwereused?(Thedensityofaluminumis2.699g/cm3.)

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b. How many grams of aluminum bromide form, assuming that the aluminum reactscompletely?

APChemistryWorksheet9:LimitingReactants&TheoreticalYieldForeachproblembelow,writetheequationandshowyourwork.Alwaysuseunitsandboxinyourfinalanswer.

1. Amanufacturerofbicycleshas50wheels,30frames,and24seats.a. Howmanybicyclescanbemanufacturedusingtheseparts?

b. Howmanypartsofeachkindareleftover?

c. Whichpartislikealimitingreactantinthatitlimitstheproductionofbicycles?

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2. The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is dissolved in water is due to the reactionbetweensodium

bicarbonate,NaHCO3,andcitricacid,H3C6H5O7:

3NaHCO3(aq)+H3C6H5O7(aq)-->3CO2(g)+3H2O(l)+Na3C6H5O7(aq)Inacertainexperiment1.00gofsodiumbicarbonateand1.00gofcitricacidareallowedtoreact.

a. Whichreactantisthelimitingreactant?Youmustshowworktosupportyouranswer.

b. Howmanygramsofcarbondioxideform?

c. Howmuchofthelimitingreactantisleftwhenthereactioniscomplete?d. Howmuchoftheexcessreactantremainsafterthereactioniscomplete?

3. Whenhydrogensulfidegas isbubbled intoasolutionof sodiumhydroxide, the reaction formssodiumsulfideandwater.Howmanygramsofsodiumsulfideareformedif2.50gofhydrogensulfide is bubbled into a solution containing 1.85 g of sodium hydroxide, assuming that thelimitingreagentiscompletelyconsumed?

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4. Solutionsofsulfuricacidandlead(II)acetatereacttoformsolidlead(II)sulfateandasolutionofacetic acid. If 10.0 g of sulfuric acid and 10.0 g of lead (II) acetate aremixed, calculate thenumberofgramsofsulfuricacid,lead(II)acetate,lead(II)sulfate,andaceticacidpresentinthemixtureafterthereactioniscomplete.

5. Astudentreactsbenzene,C6H6,withbromine,Br2,topreparebromobenzene,C6H5Br,andHBr.

a. What is the theoreticalyieldofbromobenzene in this reactionwhen30.0gofbenzenereactswith65.0gofbromine?

b. Iftheactualyieldofbromobenzenewas56.7g,whatwasthepercentyield?

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APChemistryWorksheet10:Gases

1. WhatarethepostulatesofKineticMolecularTheory(KMT)

2. Convertfollowingpressureunits:

a.3800torrtoatmb.800mmHgtoPac.2.7atmtommHgandKPad.55.3Psitoatme.103.74KPatommHg

3. ExplainthefollowingtermsSTPandAbsolutetemperature.Providesignificanceofboth.

4. Agasisstoredinaclosedcontainerat2.7atm.Thecontaineroccupiesthevolumeof289ml.Ifthegasisreleasedoutofthecontainerintoanewcontainerwithavolumeof900ml,calculatethenewpressureofthegasinatm.

5. Agashasavolumeof350mlat45oC.Ifthevolumechangesto400ml,whatisthenewtemperature?

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6. MaybellineCousteau’sbackupoxygentankreads900mmHgwhileonherboat,wherethetemperatureis27oC.Whenshedivesdowntothebottomofanunexploredmethanelakeonarecently-discoveredmoonofNeptune,thetemperaturewilldropdownto–183oC.Whatwillthepressureinherbackuptankbeatthattemperature?

7. 400mlofagasiscontainedat300mmHgand0oC.WhatwillitsvolumebeinmLat140mmHgand10oC?

8. 100gofoxygen(O2)isaddedtothegaschamber.WhatisthevolumeofthegasatSTP.

9. Ametaltankcontainsthreegases:oxygen,helium,andnitrogen.Ifthepartialpressuresofthethreegasesinthetankare35atmofO2,5atmofN2,and25atmofHe,whatisthetotalpressureinsideofthetank?

10. IfIhave72litersofgasheldatapressureof344.4kPaandatemperatureof225K,howmanymolesofgasdoIhave?

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11. Modern vacuum techniques make it possible to reach a pressure of 1.00 x 10-10 mm Hg in a laboratory system. What volume in milliliters would 1.00 x 106 molecules of gas occupy at this pressure and standard temperature?

APChemistryWorksheet:11TextbookproblemsandReviewBookProblemsOver the summer, you are responsible for reading Chapters 1-3 in the textbook and doing thehomeworkproblemslistedbelow.Theyaredueonthefirstdayofschoolandwillbeyourfirstgrade!ThematerialinthesethreechaptersshouldbemostlyreviewfromyourfirstyearofChemistry.YouwillfindthatmuchoftheAPChemistrycurriculumconsistsofthesametopicsthatyoucovered lastyear,butinmoredepth.Pleasesolvetheproblemslistedbelowonaseparatesheetofpaper.Makesureyourworkisneatandtidy.Chapter1:pg.33,#17,19,21-30all,32,33,37a,b,38,42,46,48,54,56,57,60,63,72,81,82,83Chapter2:pg.73,#15,16,18,19,20,24-74(highlightedblue),78,80,87Chapter3:pg.126,#24,26,30,32,34,36,48,50,52,54,56,59,62,63,65,66,68,70,72,76,81,82,

84,90,94,96,98,100,102,106,117,125,126PleaseNote:Thisassignmentisarequirement,andisNOTforextracredit!

1. Purchaseyourowncopyof5Stepstoa5ontheAP:Chemistry,JohnTMoore,McGrawHill,MostCurrentEdition.(Amazonwouldbethebestplacetopurchaseitcheap–youcanalsobuyitusedfromlastyearsstudents)*

2. Buyafewcolorhighlighters.3. ReadandstudyChapter1and2.Highlightmaterialthatappliestoyou.4. TakethediagnostictestonPage17.(Goaheadandwriteinthebook,Iwillmakeanadditional

copyofthistestforyoutotakebeforetheAPExam.)5. TakealookattheAPandotherwebsites.Listthethreemostusefulinthefrontcoverofyour

book6. Readandstudy(highlight,takenotesinthemargin,etc)anddoallthereviewquestionsatthe

endofthechapterforChapter5(Basics)andChapter7(Stoichiometry)7. Bringyourhighlightedbook,notesanddiagnostictesttoschoolthefirstdayofclass.Points

willbeassignedtoyouandthenthebookwillbereturnedtoyouforyourfurtherenjoyment.

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APChemistryWorksheet12:PersonalStatementYoucanwritetheseparagraphshere,oryoucantypetheminGoogleDocsandsharethemwithme.

1. WriteaparagraphtotellmeaboutyourChemistryexperiencelastyear.Whatdidyoulikeanddislike? Whatwereyougoodatandnot sogoodat? What teachingand learning techniquesworkwellforyou?

2. WriteanotherparagraphtotellmeaboutyourhopesforAPChemistry.Whatmadeyoudecide

totakethisclass?Howmucheffortareyouwillingtogivetotheclass?Whatdoyouhopetotakeawayfromit?

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3. Writeonelastparagraphtotellmeaboutyourself.Howwouldyoudescribeyourself?Whatdoyouliketodo?Whatareyouinvolvedin?Whatkindofgoalsdoyouhaveinyourlife?