AP Chapter 16 Deemer. Religious reformation Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity Pope Leo X raised money authorizing the sale of indulgences

AP Chapter 16

Deemer

Religious reformation

Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity

Pope Leo X raised money authorizing the sale of indulgences

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyGXYUJlFDxIBrqSJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjb3ZrYjNkBHBvcwM0BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1ghhqiv74/EXP=1167762008/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dpope%252BLeo%252BX%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=200%26h=246%26imgurl=www.arikah.net%252Fencyclopedia%252Fimages%252Fthumb%252F3%252F35%252F200px-Pope-leo10.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.arikah.net%252Fencyclopedia%252FLeo_X%26size=16.2kB%26name=200px-Pope-leo10.jpg%26p=pope%2BLeo%2BX%26type=jpeg%26no=4%26tt=240%26oid=093ccac56ea842b2%26ei=UTF-8

What is an indulgence?

Martin Luther

German Monk

Challenged the Pope on:

indulgences

anything not Christian

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9iby4InUZlFgGcAHLCJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjMHZkMjZyBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1i5t4880c/EXP=1167762087/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253DMartin%252BLuther%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=479%26h=700%26imgurl=faculty.cua.edu%252FPennington%252FChurchHistory220%252Fimages%252FMartinLutherCranach2.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Ffaculty.cua.edu%252FPennington%252FChurchHistory220%252FLecture14%252FLecture14.html%26size=71.5kB%26name=MartinLutherCranach2.jpg%26p=Martin%2BLuther%26type=jpeg%26no=1%26tt=126,198%26oid=4c32438b730d67be%26ei=UTF-8

Protestant Reformation

Salvation can be done on faith alone

Base the religion on God/Christian traditions and the Bible

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John Calvin

Salvation is God’s gift

predestined

Christian congregations should be self-governing

Stress simplicity in life and worship

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The Institutes of the Christian Religion

text work given in class

The Protestant reformation

• Germans who

dis-liked Italian-dominated Catholic Church

Peasants and urban workers

Catholic Reformation

• Council of Trent• Society of Jesus

– Jesuits

Wars of religion

• Led by the Protestant Reformation

Traditional thinking

Folk traditions

Judeo-Christian beliefs

Natural events caused by supernatural causes

Witch hunts!

• Late 16 and early 17th century

• 100,000 people tried for witch craft

• ¾ women

• ½ executed

Witch trials

• Why?

• Manifestations of fear

Of unattached women

Social Stress

Poor people wanted the “fame”/attention and wanted public attention

Scientific revolution

• European intellectuals derived understanding from Greek and Romans

• Earth = 4 elements

• Sun, Moon, Stars , and planets rotated around the Earth

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyiB6V5lF_XQBtRuJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBkM2llMThuBHBvcwMxMwRzZWMDc3I-/SIG=1gte43hkr/EXP=1167763706/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Dmoon%252Band%252Bthe%252Bearth%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=600%26h=450%26imgurl=www.arcadiastreet.com%252Fcgvistas%252Fimages%252Fmoon_and_earth.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.arcadiastreet.com%252Fcgvistas%252Fmoon_002.htm%26size=52.5kB%26name=moon_and_earth.jpg%26p=moon%2Band%2Bthe%2Bearth%26type=jpeg%26no=13%26tt=50,882%26oid=34de6f09378f100a%26ei=UTF-8

New Theory

Coppernicus and Galileo

Sun-centered universe

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Church in disbelief

• Protestant and Catholic churches denounce this theory

• But “print” beats religion

Law of Gravity

• Isaac Newton• Physics• Law of Gravity

• The Scientist believed they were not in conflict w/ religion

Early Enlightenment

Question

Past practices in agriculture

Past practices of Gov’t

Past practices of religion

Society and classes

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Enlightenment

• Opposition of this period– “Dictators”– Clergymen– “Absolutist”

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What is Enlightenment?

Intellectual movement that will influence social behavior and institutions that will be governed (controlled) by scientific laws

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The best weapon for the enlightenment to spread

Printing Press

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Social life

Wealthy urban Bourgeoisie

Trade, finance, manufacturing, and grain (new)

Example

Amsterdam’s growth

Based on trade and finance

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Joint – Stock companies

Merchants and Government forming a partnership to become more profitable

Emergence of stock exchange will occur

Impact of joint - stock

Trade and international affairs

Anglo-Dutch wars of the 17th century

The Navy battles w/ England

1-1-1

The ownership of land

Bourgeois class will gain more land

Land is power!

Marry into noble families

Nobility is power!

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Peasants and laborers

Europe

Serfdom out in the West and in the East

African Slaves working in America

The average person

Possibility with so much technology, money, trade, and other improvements that “life” declined during these 200 years in western Europe

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New World

New crops kept people from starving

High consumption of wood

Deforestation

Cooking, ships, home, industry, heating, Navy, etc

Deforestation hurts the

Rural poor

why?

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Urban Poor

“Deserving Poor”

Permanent residents

“unworthy poor”

Beggars, migrants, peddlers, criminals

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Women

A women’s status was through her husband’s work and family

People married later because of apprenticeships and dowries

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The upper class

Married late because of males and education

How do late marriages help a society?

birth rate low

educated society

independence from family

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The bourgieos class

Emphasized schools

Choose a profession or trade

Guilds will flourish

Most cases like we have mentioned before women were excluded

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Politics anyone?

State Development1515 to 1519Charles of Burgundy descendant of Austrian Hapsburgs

Inherited the thrones of Castile and Aragon and colonial empires

Inherited the Hapsburg possessions

Inherited the position of Holy Roman Emperor

He defeated…

The Ottomans at Vienna in 1529

But unable to unify all his territories

Also,known as Charles I of Spain

http://faculty.cua.edu/Pennington/ChurchHistory220/Lecture14/CharlesVTitian.htm

Map 1500’s

Lutheran Princes and more

Germany rebel against Charles

Why? Catholic and spoke

Italian

Charles will abdicate the throne

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Abdicate

• To relinquish (power or responsibility) formally.

• To relinquish formally a high office or responsibility.

• He was losing power or control over parts of his “empire”

Split of Power

Spain will go to Philip (his son)

Weakened Holy Roman Empire will go to Ferdinand (his brother)

The Son

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PhilipII.jpg

Political unification

England, France, and Spain

pursue their own efforts to unify

England France Spain

Henry VIII

Church of Eng.

catholic catholic

English Calvinists Bourbon kings develop absolute control – The estates General has limited power

Oliver Cromwell

Puritan republic

Louis XIV able to increase taxes and revenue and controlled French nobility

Glorious revolution 1688

King James II removed

All nobility and courts must attend meetings at Versailles

Spain hurts economy by driving out Jewish population, Muslims, and Protestants

Paying off creditors for goods and food being processed

Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary to limit power

Military focus

Army

New techniques

More specilaization

Military focus was placed on Army

Military focus - Navy

Defeat of Spanish Armada

In 1588

Spain’s defeat by England

France strongest power in Europe

Battle of Spanish succession

Holland becomes independent and Amsterdam does well as a major focal point of trade / shipping and finance

Check and Balance

EndOf the periodThe Powers

France BritianAustria

AndRussia

England slowly becoming a Power

Collecting taxes directly

Created a central bank

1650 used naval power to break down the Dutch

The French

Streamlined taxesProtective tariffs to protect businessesTransportation network was improved

Could NotDirect taxesTax the noblesSecure low cost loans

WOW – the Chapter is over!

Documents

AP Chapter 16 Deemer. Religious reformation Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity Pope Leo X raised money authorizing the sale of indulgences