AP BIOLOGYWelcome! Why are you here?

Resources: Class blog and New Textbookbiohart.wordpress.com

Labs 12 required – one essay

guaranteed on AP exam Detailed written reports Suggestion – inexpensive

separate folder for completed labs

Perseverance: Ask questions Help one another Stay on top of it Deep breathing exercises

Summer assessment Item analysis done! Content you guys seem to

“remember”– Cells, DNA basics, and Ecology

Content you guys need to brush up on a bit– Mitosis, Meiosis and Mendelian

genetics basics, and Evolution Content that we won’t review now

but is coming up: biochemistry and science process skills

So where should we start?

Cellular Division - mitosis* What are some of the major

differences in the cell division of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells is?

* Prokaryotic chromosomes do not separate along a mitotic spindle like eukaryotic cells, others?

Cellular Division – mitosis in eukaryotes

A plant cell has 12 chromosomes at the end of mitosis. How many chromosomes did it have at the beginning of the cell cycle?

C. 12

Cellular Division – mitosis in eukaryotes

How many chromatids would the plant cell with 12 chromosomes have in the G2 phase of its cell cycle?

D. 24

Cellular Division - mitosis Humans have a 2n number of 46.

How many chromosomes would be found in each of the following?A. Somatic cells = B. Gametes =

Cellular Division - meiosis The restoration of the diploid

chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to

* fertilization

Cellular Division - meiosis

Cellular Division - meiosis

Homologous pairs?

Cellular Division - meiosis

Cellular Division - meiosis• One homologous pair has ____

number of sister chromatids?

Cellular Division - meiosis Each sister chromatid has their

own kinetochore

Cellular Division - meiosis

27. The restoration of the diploid chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to

B. fertilization

Is this organism homozygous or heterozygous? How do you know?

Heterozygous dihybrid cross L= long ears l = short ears R = red fur r = white fur Long eared, white fur offspring

are eaten more readily by predators. Bummer.

Evolution Long eared, white fur offspring

are eaten more often by predators.

Let’s assume that all of the offspring of a population with the above stated phenotype got eaten.

What effect does this have on the population?

Evolution Nature selects based on

phenotype but the impact is at the level of genotype.

• Bacteria are more and more resistant to antibiotics. Why?

• Directional selection by the way

Evolution

Evolution

Darwin proposed that new species evolve from ancestral forms by the gradual accumulation of adaptations to changing environments

Explains our unity and diversity

Evolution

Explain natural selection

the reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment

Cell Parts and Function

ReviewTYPICAL ANIMALCELL

Cell Parts and FunctionsReview Continued

TYPICAL PLANT CELL

Endomembrane System