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Itinerary 10/05/04Itinerary 10/05/04
Due Today: Writing an Essay for the AP ExamDue Today: Writing an Essay for the AP Exam Topics for todayTopics for today
ReviewReview DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
OverviewOverview Messelson-Stahl ExperimentsMesselson-Stahl Experiments In DetailIn Detail Worksheet- This worksheet is due next Tuesday, 10/12Worksheet- This worksheet is due next Tuesday, 10/12
Itinerary 10/06/04Itinerary 10/06/04
DNA TranscriptionDNA Transcription DNA TranslationDNA Translation Discussion of next week’s laboratoryDiscussion of next week’s laboratory
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Structure of DNA/RNA (1)Structure of DNA/RNA (1)
Three Components
1)Phosphate Group
2)‘Pentose Sugar’
3)Nitrogenous base
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?5. What is the difference between the purines and the
pyrimidines?
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?5. What is the difference between the purines and the
pyrimidines?6. What is the name of this sugar?
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?5. What is the difference between the purines and the
pyrimidines?6. What is the name of this sugar?7. Base Pairing
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297 Step 1: The Double Helix is unzippedStep 1: The Double Helix is unzipped
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297 Step 1: The Double Helix is unzippedStep 1: The Double Helix is unzipped Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two
new strandsnew strands
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297 Step 1: The Double Helix is unzippedStep 1: The Double Helix is unzipped Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two
new strandsnew strands Step 3: The individual nucleotides are Step 3: The individual nucleotides are
connected to form two new strandsconnected to form two new strands
Semiconservative Replication (1)Semiconservative Replication (1)Process of DNA replicationis called ‘semiconservativereplication
Semiconservative Replication (2)Semiconservative Replication (2)Process of DNA replicationis called ‘semiconservativereplication
Make sure you know this term. You’ll see it again!
Semiconservative Replication (3)Semiconservative Replication (3)Process of DNA replicationis called ‘semiconservativereplication
This means that in each new double helix of DNA, one strand was from the parent.
Semiconservative Replication (7)Semiconservative Replication (7)How do we know that DNA replicates with a ‘Semiconservative’ nature?
Semiconservative Replication (7)Semiconservative Replication (7)How do we know that DNA replicates with a ‘Semiconservative’ nature?
Any ideas?
Semiconservative Replication (7)Semiconservative Replication (7)How do we know that DNA replicates with a ‘Semiconservative’ nature?
Any ideas?
Meselson-Stahl experiment tested the three hypotheses for DNA replication
Semiconservative Replication (8)Semiconservative Replication (8)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
Semiconservative Replication (8)Semiconservative Replication (8)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
Where is the 15N found?
Semiconservative Replication (9)Semiconservative Replication (9)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
Semiconservative Replication (10)Semiconservative Replication (10)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
Semiconservative Replication (11)Semiconservative Replication (11)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
Let’s use the flashlight on Let’s use the flashlight on DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
Remember, DNA replication is the process of Remember, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA.making copies of DNA.
Let’s use the flashlight on Let’s use the flashlight on DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
Remember, DNA replication is the process of Remember, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA.making copies of DNA.
When would the cell do this?When would the cell do this?
Let’s use the flashlight on Let’s use the flashlight on DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
Remember, DNA replication is the process of Remember, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA.making copies of DNA.
When would the cell do this?When would the cell do this? Now we need to look at the specifics of DNA Now we need to look at the specifics of DNA
replication, and the replication, and the enzymes enzymes involved in each involved in each stepstep
But First, What’s an Enzyme?But First, What’s an Enzyme?
A type of ProteinA type of Protein Text Definition:Text Definition:
A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical agents that change the rate of a reaction without agents that change the rate of a reaction without being consumed within the reactionbeing consumed within the reaction
Step 1: Separation of the Double Step 1: Separation of the Double HelixHelix
DNA Helicase unwinds the double helix•The site where the enzyme begins replication is called the origin of replication.
Step 1: Separation of the Double Step 1: Separation of the Double HelixHelix
DNA Helicase unwinds the double helix•The site where the enzyme begins replication is called the origin of replication.•In Prokaryotes (Bacteria), there is a single origin; in eukaryotes, there are thousands
Step 2: Synthesis of complementsStep 2: Synthesis of complementsEnzyme- DNA polymerase
•DNA polymerase allows the new nucelotides to be added to the growing end of the strand one by one
Step 2: Synthesis of complementsStep 2: Synthesis of complementsEnzyme- DNA polymerase
•DNA polymerase allows the new nucelotides to be added to the growing end of the strand one by one
•NOTE: This new synthesis always occurs in the same direction, 5’3’
Synthesis of Complementary strandsSynthesis of Complementary strands
Show 16.13leading strand
Then Show 16.13lagging strand
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase
2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase
2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein
3)3) PrimasePrimase
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase
2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein
3)3) PrimasePrimase
4)4) DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase
2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein
3)3) PrimasePrimase
4)4) DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase
5)5) LigaseLigase