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“Studying music can put your brain in the right frame of mind.” – Vaughn
Music improves listening skills,
enhances language development
and verbal skills, and has health
benefits such as stress reduction and
better sleep.
In this Unit, you will be able to correlate the
distinguishing characteristics and examples of music of
respective Post Romanticism and Popular Music of 20s to the 50s to history and culture. Post Romanticism refers to
a range of cultural products and attitudes emerging in
the late 19th and early 20th centuries after the period of Romanticism. Human life is rich of emotions, creativity,
suffering and passion. In focusing on the subject of love
and artistic creation. Romanticism captured our imagination more than any other culture movement.
20TH CENTURY COMPOSERS
Post-Romantic era is the period that includes the
final decades of the 19th century and first
decades of the twentieth. This is the period when
many composers concentrated on the traditions
of their own countries producing strongly
nationalistic music and taking Romantic musical
techniques to their utmost reasonable limits. New
musical styles were created and invented by
these composers such as impressionism,
expressionism, neoclassicism, serialism, electronic
music, chance music, etc.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)
Debussy was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
France on August 22, 1862. He was the eldest
of five children. He is recognized as the creator
of what is termed impressionistic music.
His musical language was an innovative blend
of modality and the whole-tone scale was
fascinating textural experiments. French
composer Claude Debussy reached his career
peak when late Romantics Liszt and Wagner
were coming to an end.
He is often called "French musical Impressionist" for he
introduced the impressionist music to the world. By using
ideas from the past like parallelism and modality, with
advanced harmonic technic, he was able to develop this
new style of music that was distinctly French. Debussy is
also best known for his orchestral music 'La mer', 'Two
preludes-L'Apres-midi d'un faune (The Afternoon of a
Faun) and La fille aux cheveaux de lin (The Girl with the
Flaxen Hair), and piano piece 'Claire de lune'. He won the
Prix de Rome competition twice. 20th century composers
have found his music a challenge to their own exploration
of pastures new. His compositions grew in number until
such time he died in Paris on 25 March 1918.
IGOR FYODOROVITCH STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)
A ballet composer, Igor Fyodorovitch Stravinsky
was born on June 17, 1882. He was also a great
pianist, conductor and writer during the 20th
century. His works were written in the neo-
classical and serialist styles, but he is best
known for two works from his earlier Russian
period: Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of
Spring) and L'Oiseau de Feu (The Fire bird).
Some of his neo- classic works are the Octet
for winds, the opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex, the
ballets Pulchinella and Apollon Musagete, the
Symphony of Psalms, and Stravinsky's only full-
scale opera, The Rake's Progress. Stravinsky is
widely regarded as the most original and
influential composer in this period. He died on
April 6, 1971.
ISCHONBERG, ARNOLD FRANZ WALTER (1874-1951)
Schoenberg was a great Austrian composer and
painter but in the later part, he was naturalized as
American. His method of musical organization in 12
different tones related only to one another
profoundly influenced the entire development of
modern techniques of composition. Schoenberg's
earlier compositions are post-romantic in
character, followed by a period in which he
developed his theories of atonality, music without a
key or tonal centre. He was associated with the
expressionist movement in German poetry and art,
and leader of the Second Viennese School.
Some of his works include opera: Moses and Aron;
choral and vocal music : Gurrelieder, A Survivor from
Warsaw, and the Pierrot lunaire, a study of madness,
based on German translations of seven poems by
Albert Giraud and using Sprechgesang , words half
spoken, half sung, was completed in 1912; orchestral
music: a violin concerto, a symphonic poem based on
Maurice Maeterlinck's medieval drama Pelleas and
Melisande and Five Orchestral Pieces. He died on July
13, 1951. Schoenberg's archival legacy is collected at
the Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna.
MUSICAL GENRES: RAGTIME AND THE BIG BAND SOUND
Ragtime is a musical genre composed for the piano,
generally in duple meter and containing a highly
syncopated treble lead over a rhythmically steady
bass. Its main characteristic is its syncopated, or
"ragged", rhythm. A ragtime composition is usually
consisted of three or four contrasting sections or strains
and each one has 16 or 32 measures in length. Ragtime
has been a strong presence in musical composition,
entertainment, and scholarship for over a century. This
has been enjoyed during its popularity peak between
1897 and 1918. Its popularity quickly spread to Europe
and there, as in America, soon became a fad.
RAGTIME OR RAG
One of the famous composers of this exciting and
captivating musical style was Scott Joplin (1868-1917),
an American composer and pianist, who was one of
the important developers of ragtime. His first rags were
Original Rags and Maple Leaf Rag published in 1899.
Some of his compositions include the Ragtime Dance
in Sedalia (1899), a ragtime opera, A Guest of Honor
(1903), ragtime opera Treemonisha, etc.
SCOTT JOPLIN (KING OF RAGTIME)
In the United States, a big band, a type
of musical ensemble, was developed. It
is associated with jazz and the Swing Era
typically consisting of rhythm, woodwind
and brass instruments. The band is
composed of approximately twelve to
twenty five musicians.
BIG BAND
The standard instrumentation that evolved in the
big-bands consists of 17 instruments which include:
four trumpets
four trombones (often including one bass
trombone)
five saxophones (most often two altos, two tenors,
and one baritone)
four-piece rhythm section (composed of drums,
acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar)
However, some composers and bandleaders
have used varied instrumentation with more or
fewer players, and additional instruments. Male
and female vocalists have also been added to
perform particular arrangements. Recently,
synthesizers and electronic keyboards have
been used to replace the piano.
Art asks profound questions about the
things we observe, imagine, and invent.
It also provides the grounds for self-
exploration and self-expression, the
opportunity to widen perspectives, build
mental focus, physical artistry, diminish
stress and heighten personal enjoyment.
An art form is a specific shape or
quality an artistic expression
takes. Some of the most common
art forms are paintings and drawings. Art is a concept that
cannot be defined.
Weaving has usually been
associated with women, as a
women’s craft in many cultures
and times. Today, weaving is a
popular handicraft and art for
many women.
Chine credits Si-ling-chi, wife of the prince Hoang-ti, with discovery of the
usefulness of silkworms, all about 2700 BCE.
In ancient Egypt, weaving linen and spinning thread were important activities of
the household economy.
Vietnamese history credits several women with the introduction of silkworm
breeding and weaving-- and even has a legend crediting a Vietnamese
princess with the discovery of the use of silkworm.
Persian rugs still well known: Persia (Iran) has long been a center of carpet
production. Women, and children under women's guidance, were central to the
production of this practical and artistic creation, crucial to the economy as well
as the arts in early and modern Iran.
Carpet weaving and, and earlier, carpet tying have often been the province of
women in Turkish and Anatolian culture.
Navaho or Navajo Indians in the Southwest of the United States tell how Spider Woman taught women the skills of loom weaving. Navajo rugs are still popular
for their beauty and practicality.
DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution began, in large part, as
mechanization of the production of textiles, and
so this change in weaving and cloth-making
production meant immense changes in
women's lives- and may helped give rise to the
movement for women's rights.
DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
In the American Revolution, the boycott of
British goods, including inexpensive
manufactured cloth, meant that more
women went back to home production of
cloth. Spinning wheels were a symbol of
independence and freedom.
18th and 19th Century Europe and America
In Europe and America, in the 18th an d
19th century, the invention of the power
loom helped speed the Industrial
Revolution. Women, specially young
unmarried women, soon began leaving
home to work in the new textile
production factories using this technology.
20th Century: Weaving as Art
In the 20th century, women have
reclaimed weaving as an art. In the
Bauhaus movement, women were
virtually relegated to the loom,
however, as stereotyping shaped
assumptions about "women's art".
Modern Weaving in the Philippines
Weaving was introduced into pre-Hispanic Philippines
through trade, and with it came the back strap loom.
Textiles were used for death ceremonies. Modern tribes
weave different-colored strips of vine stems and dyed
palm leaves into baskets, mats, hats, and betel-nut
pouches. Plant patterns are predominant in Mindanao
groups, and they are known for their skill in dyeing
abaca (Manila hemp) fibers. The binako/blanket of the
Itneg tribes are known for the optical illusion design. The
Ga'dang has beaded ornamentation. Mostly, when
animal or human forms are woven into clothes, it is for
protection against environmental spirits.
THE PIÑA WEAVING
Piña weaving in Aklan is an age-old tradition
handed down from generations. In fact, Aklan is
known as the Piña Fiber capital of the Philippines.
Kalibo's Piña cloth was said to be traded during the
Pre-Hispanic times and reached as far as Greece
and Egypt during its heyday.
There's no finer and more elegant fiber for the
Barong Tagalog than piña fabric. Known as the
Quuen of Philippine Fabric, the piña fiber is
extracted by hand from the leaves of the native
pineapple. Each strand is painstakingly knotted by
hand and loom women manually to produce piña
cloth that is soft, and usually in ivory color. Aklan is
well known to produce other natural fibers such as
abaca and raffia.
Ice sculpture is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material.
Sculptures from ice can be abstract or realistic and can be functional or
purely decorative. Ice sculptures are generally associated with special or
extravagant events because of their limited lifetime.
The lifetime of a sculpture determined primarily by the temperature of its
environment and thus, a sculpture can last from mere minutes to possibly
months. There are several ice festivals held around the world, hosting
competitions of ice sculpture carving.
Sculpting ice presents a number of difficulties due to the variability and
volatility of the material. Ice may be sculpted in a wide range temperatures
and the characteristics of the ice will change according to its temperature as
well as the surrounding temperatures. Sculptures are generally carved from blocks of ice and these blocks must be carefully selected to be suitable for
the sculptor's purposes and should be free of undesired impurities.
There are various sizes of ice blocks that are produced artificially.
Naturally made blocks can be cut to almost any size from frozen
rivers or from "ice quarries", which are essentially lakes or ponds that
have frozen over. Large ice blocks must be moved by heavy
machinery and are used for large ice sculpting events or as part of
an ice hotel.
Ice sculpture feature decoratively in some cuisines and may be used
to enhance the presentation of foods, especially cold foods such as
seafoods or sorbets. They are often used at wedding receptions,
usually as some form of decoration. Popular subjects for ice
sculptures at wedding are hearts, doves, and swans. Swans have a
reputation for monogamy, partly accounting for their popularity.
Ice sculptures may be used at a bar, in the form of an ice luge, or
even the entire bar may be made of ice.
ICE SCULPTURE TOOLS
Chisel. Any woodworking chisel will work for ice sculpting, but
few woodworking chisels are ideal for ice. Because ice is
grainless and soft, a very acute grind will work with ice. Chisel
Shapes: Simple straight chisels, V-knives and Basic gauges or
"spoons" with "U-shaped" blades.
Mallet. Mallets, as with wood and stone sculpture, work great
in conjunction with carving chisels. They aren't necessary with
ice as arm-strength is plenty to push a sharp chisel through
the material. But, mallets provide controlled, short bursts with
little risk of taking off too much or breaking the ice with a long
thrust.
Chainsaws. Chainsaws are great ice sculpting tools, especially
in the first, rougher stages of the sculpture. As with other
chainsaw sculptures, the shape of the chainsaw bar is
important. It's best to have one that is very short from top to
bottom. This lets you turn the saw in a tighter radius as your
cutting. Electric chainsaws are most common, and necessary
for indoor applications. Small to intermediate-sized gas saws
are used outdoors.
Grinders. Several grinders are well-suited for ice sculpting.
Angle grinders, die grinders and angle sanders are all great
tools. The surface area of the grinding area dictates whether
it's a good detail tool or better used for removing a lot of
material. Electric grinders and sander are used. If the motors
are not sealed, though pneumatic tools can be a better
choice in wet environment.
Physical Education promotes lifelong
fitness, health, and wellness and
reduces risk of severe diseases. It
teaches self-management skills and
motor skills that can be used to plan
for and perform lifelong physical activities.
Exercise and fitness are also vital for the
mental health and well being of a person,
and not just their physical health.
When regular fitness activities are
included in the lifestyle of a person, it is possible for you to maintain fitness.
Evidence shows that some of the leading causes of disease
such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, some lung diseases,
injuries, often can be prevented by improving personal
health habits. Eating right, staying physically active, and not
smoking are a few examples of good habits that can help
you stay healthy.
Daily exercise is the single best thing you can do for your
body. It has positive impacts on your muscles, bones, and
organs, as well as boosting your appearance, mood, and
even mental health and cognition. In fact, many of the
problems we associate with old age: weakness, loss of
balance, and memory loss, aren't due to age at all. They are
due to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise.
Push-up Test. It measures muscular strength and endurance in shoulders, and triceps, a combination that better reflects your fitness level than tests. A timed push-up test, on the other hand, can be done anywhere.
Exercise at moderate intensity for at least 2 hours and 30 minutes spread over the course of each week.
Avoid periods of inactivity; some exercise at any level of intensity is better than none.
Exercise at least twice a week, supplement aerobic exercise (cardio) with weight-bearing activities that strengthen all major muscle groups.
Have a Healthy Diet. Physical activities doesn't have to be strenuous to produce results, it also requires healthy diet. Even moderate exercise five to six times a week can lead to lasting health benefits.
Have a Healthy Diet. Physical activities doesn't have to be strenuous to produce results, it also requires healthy diet. Even moderate exercise five to six times a week can lead to lasting health benefits.
What can you do stay healthy?
Adopt a physical activity you love. Activities that combine a range of physical
movement with enjoyable social interactions and learning opportunities are the easiest to
stick with, and make the greatest impact on your overall health. Some good examples
are: exploring, dancing, and indoor and outdoor games
Choose the right location for your gym. The closer your gym is to home (if you leave from home to exercise) or to work (if you leave from work) the greater the likelihood that you
will go on a regular basis. Choosing a gym with a commute may sabotage days when
your energy is low.
Track your fitness. Using a fitness tracker not only helps you recognize your progress and
improve your results, but the ability to participate in teams, compete with friends, and
share results is a powerful motivator to stick with your plan.
Make an appointment. Rather than planning on going to the gym at some point in a day,
put it in your calendar like any other scheduled activity. If you plan on going to the gym
every day before or after work, and build the time into your plan and commute, you are
more likely to make a lasting habit of it.
Use an app. There are different mobile applications which you can use when exercising.
Choose your entertainment. As we look for healthy ways to motivate and reward
ourselves, some people have found a clever solution.
World Health Organization defines physical activity as any bodily movement produced by
skeletal muscles that requires energy
expenditure – including activities undertaken
while working, playing, carrying out household
chores, travelling, and engaging in recreational
pursuits.
Physical activity is good for people
of all ages. Staying active can help: Feel better about yourself
Improve your ability to think, learn, and make decisions
Lower your risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes,
and some types of cancer.
Improve your strength and balance so you can prevent
injuries and stay independent.
Improve your mood
TIPS FOR STAYING ACTIVE AT ANY AGE
A. Aim for 2 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate-
intensity aerobic activities.
Tell your doctor if you have shortness of breath, chest pain,
or unplanned weight loss.
If you weren't physically active before, start slowly. Even 5
minutes of physical activity has health benefits. You can
build up to more over time.
Choose aerobic activities – activities that make your heart
beat faster – like walking fast, dancing, swimming, or raking
leaves.
B. Do muscle-strengthening activities 2 days a week.
Breathe out as you lift the weight, and breathe in as
you lower it. Don't hold your breath – holding your
breath can cause unsafe changes in your blood
pressure.
Try using exercise bands or lifting hand weights. You
can also use bottles of water or cans of food as
weights.
C. Do balance activities.
Stand up from a sitting position.
Practice standing on one foot (hold onto a chair if you need to at first).
Sign up for a yoga class or try out a yoga video at home.
Learn tai-chi, a mind-body exercise that improves balance.
Health education provides and educates
knowledge and skills to promote well being.
Health education include all aspects
related to health like environment health,
mental health, and physical health.
It also enhances the quality of life for all people.
Consumer's health is intended for potential
or current users of medical services.
It is designed to be educational, and can
help individuals make decisions about
health-related behavior and medical treatments.