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“A River Ran Through It”F
Flash flooding in Nichols NY, Tioga CountyJuly 24, 2017
By: Dave Hensberry, EIT
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• Location map
• History
• Hydrology/Hydraulics
• Coincident Flow Analysis
• Lessons Learned
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NYS Route 282 over Wappasening Creek
NYS Route 17 (I-86) over Wappasening Creek
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Wappasening Creek Watershed
Susquehanna River
Wappasening Creek
Nichols
NY/ PA Border
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History
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Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee
August 28th & 29th 2011 September 8th & 9th 2011
Courtesy Wayne Gannett, PE (next 2 slides)
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Tropical Storm Lee
• Stalled over NY/PA for 48 hours• Estimated 10” – 12” of rainfall • Exceeding flood of 2006• Many evacuations• Ground saturated
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Wappasening Creek Watershed
• 66% Forested• Valley Type VII• Bank-Full Width = 82 ft.• Bank-Full Depth = 3.66 ft.• Flood Prone Width = 228.63 ft.• Sinuosity = 2.4• Mean Discharge = 1060 CFS• Mean Velocity = 3.55 fps• Rosgen Stream Classification = C3
New England Environmental, Inc. “LTSRS Outline for Natural Resources”
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Comparison
2009 2017
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Comparison
2009 2017
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Nov 18, 2002
Pre-Flood
Looking south
November 18, 2002
Post-Flood
Looking north
September 15, 2011
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Nichols, NY
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Windham Gage Tabulated
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USGS Stream-Stats
Stream-Stats, New York
July 24, 201710,600 CFS
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Susquehanna Gage Tabulated
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6,600 CFS
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NCHRP Project 15-36
Estimating Joint Probabilities ofDesign Coincident Flows at
Stream ConfluencesNational Cooperative Highway Research Program
Roger T. KilgoreDavid B. Thompson
David T. FordKilgore Consulting and Management
Denver, CO
Contractor’s Final Report for NCHRP Project 15-36Submitted March 2013
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Background
Structures located near the confluence of two streams
Flooding on one stream can affect the high flows on the other
Important to know the relationship between the two drainage area….or probability
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Return Period Tributary Upper Main Stream Lower Main StreamName Wappasening Up Susquehanna Lo Susquehanna1.25 1900 43600 44000
2 2910 55600 562005 4660 73400 74300
10 6000 85300 8630025 7880 101000 103000
50 9500 115000 116000100 11100 127000 129000
200 12900 140000 142000
500 15400 158000 160000
Stream Stats FlowsStream Flows
Group 1. Smaller Group 2. Smallerwatershed less than watershed greateror equal to 400 mi2 Kendall's τ than 400 mi2 Kendall's τ
Best - Fit POM Eq. 4.3 0.4 Eq. 4.7 0.6Best - Fit POT Eq. 4.4 0.4 Eq. 4.8 0.6Envelope POM Eq. 4.11 0.6 Eq. 4.15 0.8Envelope POT Eq. 4.12 0.6 Eq. 4.16 0.9
Drainage Area Mean Annual (mi2) Precipation (in)
Main Stream 4720 40.3
Tributary 73.2 38.2
Table G.11 Kendall's τ Equation Selection Matrix
Copyright: Bradley Arnold, PE - NYSDOT
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Kendall's τ = 0.6
Combinations Lo Susquehanna Wappasening Up Susquehanna Lo Susquehanna Wappasening Stage Velocity
Return Period Return Period Discharge Discharge Discharge
(Years) (Years) Upper (cfs) Lower (cfs) (cfs) (ft) (fps)
1 5 50 73400 74300 9500
2 10 48 85300 86300 9396
3 25 42 101000 103000 9064
4 34 34 106987 108577 8561
5 42 25 111306 112583 7880
6 48 10 114124 115191 6000
7 50 5 115000 116000 4660
1 5 100 73400 74300 11100
2 10 99 85300 86300 11075
3 25 95 101000 103000 10973
4 50 83 115000 116000 10645
5 68 68 120177 121597 10179
6 83 50 123656 125369 9500
7 95 25 126071 127990 7880
8 99 10 126817 128801 6000
9 100 5 127000 129000 4660
BIN XXXXXXX
Fifty Year Joint Return Period
One Hundred Year Joint Return Period
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Return Period Tributary Upper Main Stream Lower Main StreamName Wappasening Up Susquehanna Lo Susquehanna1.25 1900 43600 44000
2 2910 55600 562005 4660 73400 74300
10 6000 85300 8630025 7880 101000 103000
50 9500 115000 116000100 11100 127000 129000
200 12900 140000 142000
500 15400 158000 160000
Stream Stats FlowsStream Flows
5 50 73400 74300 9500
10 48 85300 86300 9396
25 42 101000 103000 9064
34 34 106987 108577 8561
42 25 111306 112583 7880
48 10 114124 115191 6000
50 5 115000 116000 4660
TribUpper Lower
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Return Period Tributary Upper Main Stream Lower Main Stream7 5268 78954 79901
12 6334 88216 8939215 6769 91921 9332720 7374 96929 9865721 7482 97805 9959125 7880 101000 10300028 8125 103167 10502130 8277 104508 10627131 8351 105152 10687032 8423 103167 10745434 8561 106987 10857739 8884 109771 11116140 8945 110293 11164541 9005 110804 11211942 9064 111306 11258343 9121 111797 11303845 9234 112753 11392346 9289 113218 11435347 9343 113675 11477648 9396 114124 11519149 9448 114566 11559950 9500 115000 116000
Irregular Return Periods With Related Flows 53 9625 115964 11704054 9666 116274 11737659 9860 117758 11898067 10145 119922 12132168 10179 120177 12159773 10343 121404 12292674 10374 121641 12318377 10467 122335 12393583 10645 123656 12536984 10674 123869 12559985 10702 124079 12582786 10730 124287 12605387 10758 124493 12627688 10786 124696 12649793 10921 125687 12757394 10947 125880 12778395 10973 126071 12799098 11050 126633 12860199 11075 126817 128801100 11100 127000 129000132 11789 132055 134058167 12405 136495 138497189 12743 138891 140892239 13352 143331 145333
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Coincident Flow Results Q50 Only Results
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Lessons Learned• Importance of monitoring stream migration and the
effects it may have on bridges and approaches• Power of flash flooding
• Not always regional flooding that causes damage• Being aware of bridges that collect debris
• Debris Prone Structures (Fall 2017)• Sources of debris• Sources of sedimentation
• Necessity of stream gages• Finding funding for more gages
• Coincident Flow Analysis
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“A River Ran Through It”F
Flash flooding in Nichols NY, Tioga CountyJuly 24, 2017
By: Jim Esposito, PE
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Overview• Bridge damage
• Repairs
• Coordination
• Lessons Learned
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Nichols, NY
Binghamton, NY
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Flow
Nichols, NY
NYS Route 17 (I-86)
Susquehanna River
Flow
East River Road
Wappasening Creek
Flood Levee
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NYS Route 17 bridge damage
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Pre-Failure
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Flow
Eastbond
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2011 Flooding
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Hard Point
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Hard Point
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Flow
Flow
Susquehanna RiverNYS Route 17 (I-86) bridges
Wappasening Creek
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Repairs
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1234567891011121314151617
2008 17.318.823.82732.934.134.83535.435.836.236.735.828.723.42017.7
2010 19.222.525.430.83740.439.238.738.438.83837.235.829.826.621.219
2012 16.719.222.730.135.938.438.136.235.235.43839.639.232.227.12217.4
2016 1719.723.628.535.235.636.236.136.437.137.838.439.334.127.221.417.2
7/25/2017 17.120.323.929.233.933.533.734.635.235.336.236.537.137.53941.217.9
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Dept
h, F
T
Droplines, Rte 17EB/Wappasening, Upstream
Flow
East Abutment
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By the Numbers Concrete- 2020 CY
CLSM – Controlled Low Strength
Material (Flowable fill) – 1036 CY
Light Stone
• 1033 tons to open road
• 2133 tons for armoring
• 3166 tons total
Work Hours
• 15 hr days for first 2 weeks
• 12 hr days after
Medium Stone – 1943 tons
Heavy Stone – 160 tons
Extra Heavy Stone
• 2698 tons to open road
• 3115 tons for armoring
• 5813 tons total
Structural Fill – 2423 tons
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Coordination
• Local Officials• Statewide Emergency Contractor –
• Slate Hill Construction• Suppliers
• Regulatory Agencies• DEC• USACOE
• DOT
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Lessons Learned
• Localized Storm events• Daily Progress meetings• Involve Permitting Agencies early• Accelerated Schedule
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Assessment of Learning1. According to the National Highway Institute, what percentage of
US flood fatalities are vehicle-related?a) 76%b) 57%c) 35%d) 23%
2. 1036 yds. of CLSM were used during repair. What does CLSM stand for?a) Controlled Low Strength Materialb) Concrete Loaded Slow Materialc) Controlled Low Slump Materiald) Concentrated Low Slag Material
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Assessment of Learning
3. What best defines Valley Type VII?a) Canyons, gorges, and confined alluvial valleys with gentle valley-floor slopes, steep valley walls, and meandering entrenched channels
b) Steep, fluvial-dissected, high-drainage density, alluvial landforms
c) Very broad and gentle valley slopes associated with glacio- and nonglacial-lacustrine deposits
d) Moderately steep valley slopes with gentle to moderate side slopes associated with colluvial deposition and/or residual soils.
