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Anxiety DisordersWEB
Anxiety as a Normal and an Abnormal ResponseSome amount of anxiety is normal and is associated with optimal levels of functioning.
Only when anxiety begins to interfere with social or occupational functioning is it considered abnormal.
The Fear and Anxiety Response PatternsFearPanicAnxietyAnxiety Disorder
The Bell Curve
An Important Law- The Yerkes Dodson Law
Another Bell Curve- Courtesy of Our Good Buddies Yerkes-Dodsen
Phobic DisordersPhobiasSpecific phobiasSocial phobiaAgoraphobia
Specific Phobias
Specific PhobiasPsychosocial causal factorsGenetic and temperamental causal factorsPreparedness and the nonrandom distribution of fears and phobiasTreating specific phobias
Social PhobiaGeneral characteristics Fear of being in social situations in which one will be embarrassed or humiliated
Social PhobiaInteraction of psychosocial and biological causal factorsSocial phobias as learned behaviorSocial fears and phobias in an evolutionary contextPreparedness and social phobia
Social PhobiaInteraction of psychosocial and biological causal factorsGenetic and temperamental factorsPerceptions of uncontrollabilityCognitive variables
Panic Disorder With and Without AgoraphobiaPanic disorderPanic versus anxietyAgoraphobiaAgoraphobia without panic
Panic DisorderPrevalence and age of onsetComorbidity with other disordersBiological causal factorsThe role of Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Panic and the Brain
Panic DisorderGenetic factorsCognitive and behavioral causal factorsInteroceptive fears
Panic Disorder: The Cognitive Theory of Panic
Panic Disorder: The Cognitive Theory of PanicPerceived control and safetyAnxiety sensitivity as a vulnerability factor for panicSafety behaviors and the persistence of panicCognitive biases and the maintenance of panic
Treating Panic Disorder and AgoraphobiaMedicationsBehavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments
Generalized Anxiety DisorderGeneral characteristicsPrevalence and age of onsetComorbidity with other disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:Psychosocial Causal FactorsThe psychoanalytic viewpointClassical conditioning to many stimuliThe role of unpredictable and uncontrollable eventsA sense of mastery: immunizing against anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:Biological Causal FactorsGenetic factorsA functional deficiency of GABANeurobiological differences between anxiety and panic
Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessions- repetitive unwanted ideas that the person recognizes are irrationalCompulsions- repetitive, often ritualized behavior whose behavior serves to diminish anxiety caused by obsessions
Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderPrevalence and age of onsetCharacteristics of OCDTypes of compulsionsComorbidity with other disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:Psychosocial Causal FactorsPsychoanalytic viewpointBehavioral viewpointThe role of memoryAttempting to suppress obsessive thoughts
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:Biological Causal FactorsGenetic influencesAbnormalities in brain functionThe role of serotonin
Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderCritical Component Symptoms occurs AFTER a traumatic stressor
Symptoms CategoriesIntrusivedistressing recollectionsdreamsflashbackspsychological trigger reactionsphysiological trigger reactions
Symptoms CategoriesAvoidanceavoid thoughts, feelings or discussionsavoid activities, placesmemory blocksanhedonia (without pleasure)numbalexithymia (emotions unknown)feeling of doom
Symptom CategoriesHyperarousal Symptomssleep disturbanceanger problemsconcentrationstartle responseon guard hypervigilence
DiagnosesAcute Stress Disordernew to DSM-IV (1994)symptoms 2 days to 4 weeks following traumatic eventPTSDnew to DSM-III (1980)symptoms beyond 4 weeksdelayed onset
Who Is Vulnerable?All agesBoth gendersAcross Cultures and ethnic groups
Some StatsAndrews, Wahlberg, Montgomery (1993)
Employment
Depression
Types of TraumasNaturalearthquakesfloodsfiresHuman induceswarcrimes of violence
Co-Morbid DiagnosesAlcoholism75% for Vietnam Veterans with PTSDDepression77% of firefighters with PTSD also have depressionGeneralized AnxietyPanic Attacks