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Unit 16 Comedy and Humor

Objectives

Students will be able to:

1. share opinions and knowledge about various types of humor;

2. be familiar with some kinds of comedy ;

3. appreciate brief movie reviews.

16 A What a scream!

Work in groups of three. One of you should look at Task 14 (Page 79), one at Task 29 (Page

85), and one at Task 36(Page 88). Read these jokes and make sure you understand them.

Then take turns telling them. Question: Which joke interests you the most?

With the reference words, Teacher helps Students identify different kinds of humor. After telling

the jokes in the textbooks, the Students are expected to tell some jokes to their parterners.

types of humor description examples

adviser

The comic adviser is a type of

epigram that originated with

the most famous witticism inthe history of Punch.

I. Advice to persons about to marry: Don't.

II. Advice to motorists: Never park with

your back wheels on a pedestrian.

antonymism

An antonymism is humorwhich derives its effect from

contrasting two words or

phrases of opposite meaning.

I. The girl with a future avoids a man with apast.

II. Mark Twain said, "There is no end to the

laws and no beginning to the execution of

them".

blunder

The blunder is wit based on a

person who makes a mistakewhich in turn makes them look

foolish. There are a number of

types of blunders. Some arebased on mistaken identities of

people and derive their punch

from the failure to observedistinctions between peopledue to surrounding

circumstances. Some blunders

are based on situations wherean individual rescues

themselves with wit after doing

something stupid.

I. One fellow turned to his neighbor at a

large party and said, "I made a terriblemistake just now. I told one of the men here

that the host must be a cheap tightwad, and

he turned out to be the host". His neighborreplied, "Oh, you mean my husband".

II. At a social gathering a musician was

conversing with an aging dowager who had

been assisting him financially. Without

thinking he asked his backer how old she

was. "Why do you wish to know?" she

countered. "My dear", the musician

answered without a moments hesitation, " I

merely wanted to know at what age a

woman is most fascinating."

blunting

Blunting is an ancient device

that was commonly employed

in the classic dramas of

Little Bobbie asked his mother to put some

iodine

on his bleeding knee. "Howdid you cut yourself?" she asked. "Oh, it

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Greece, its histrionic effects

were studied and exploited. As

a technique in modern humor it pretends to dull the edge of

dire news while really

sharpening it.

was nothing," he said. "I was climbing on

the kitchen ladder and I fell down."

"Kitchen ladder? What were you doing onthe kitchen ladder?" "I was trying to get the

glue." "Glue? What did you want the glue

for?" "So I could fix the vase in the livingroom." "The vase? Did you break thevase?" "No, the ball broke it." "The ball?"

"Yes. After it broke the mirror, it bounced

off and hit the vase." "Were you playingball in the living room?" "Oh, No. We were

playing in the yard and the ball broke

through the big bay window. Now, Mother,

will you please hurry and put some iodineon my knee. The boys are waiting for me."

boner

The boner is a humorous

device and a category of theslip. Boners are short and

pointed mistakes that have an

amusing effect. They are thereplies made by school

children or college students to

an oral or written question.

I. Teacher to pupil: Tell me two

pronouns.

Pupil: Who!? Me!?

II. A science graduate asks, Why

does it work? An engineering

graduate asks, How does it

work? A business graduate asks,

How much will it cost? A media

studies graduate asks, Do you

want fries with that?

catch tale

The Catch tale is a funny storywhose name derives from its

essential catch nature, the

deception of the reader

constituting the basis of itshumor. The descriptive catch

tale usually misleads the reader

by implying somethingdreadful ending with a sudden

trivial denouement.

She laid the still white form beside thosethat had gone before. No groan, no sob

forced its way from her heart. Then

suddenly she let forth a cry that pierced the

stillness of the place, making the air vibratewith a thousand echoes. It seemed to come

from her very soul. Twice the cry was

repeated, then all was quiet again. Shewould lay another egg tomorrow.

epigram

An epigram is a short & cleversaying referring to a general

group of persons or things.

Epigrams are mostly satire and

deal with evils and follies ofmankind. There are two basic

types of epigrams, wordplay

and thoughtplay. All epigramscontain both, but generally one

or the other dominates.

I. "The world should make peace first andthen make it last".

II. When you are right, no one remembers;

when you are wrong, no one forgets.

exaggerism This type of comic sayingamusingly overstates the

special features, defects or

peculiarities of a person orthing.

I. The kitchen was so small the mice had towalk on their hind legs.

II. She is so industrious, when she has

nothing to do she sits and knits her brows.

extended proverb

Of all twisted proverbs themost extensive class is the

I. Money talks, but it has few intimates. II.Talk is cheap, except when you hire a

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extended proverb. This is theproverb to which a clever tag is

added, thereby changing aserious saying into an amusing

one.

lawyer.

irony Irony is the use of words toexpress something other thanand especially the opposite of

the literal meaning. The mostcommon form of irony is the

expression by which a person

says the opposite of what they

mean and the listener believesthe opposite of what is said.

The tired store clerk had pulled downblanket after blanket until only one was left

on the shelf. Then the customer remarked,

"I don't really want to buy today, I am onlylooking for a friend." "Well, Madam," said

the clerk, "I'll take down the last one if you

think he's in it."

recovery The comic recovery is acombination of blunder andwit. A person commits a slip in

speech but rescues himself by a

quick correction or explanation.

There's the story about the grocery shopper

who was making a scene because hewanted to buy a half head of lettuce. The

cashier, frustrated, ran back to the manager,

not knowing that the customer was rightbehind. "Some idiot wants to buy this half

head of lettuce" he said, then noticing the

customer. "And this gentleman wants to

buy the other half."

1. Teacher introduces proper nouns of comedy category.

There are many types of comedy. Main forms include black comedy, which has comedy as a

defense in a horrifying situation, satirical comedy, which basically mocks social, moral, and

political problems, romantic comedy, which, of course, has romance, farce , which

has stupid topics, exaggerated characters, craziness, and lastly, the comedy of manners, which

shows the passionate plots of the high upper class. As you can see, comedy varies, however, most

comedy that is seen on TV is situational comedy, where the comedy is in whatever situation the

stars are in. Another type of comedy seen on TV is standup. Many famous comedians such as Jim

Carrey, Jerry Seinfeld, Jay Leno, David Letterman, and Jon Stewart (of The Daily Show), got their

start as stand-up comedians, who brought their talent to the small screen.

2. Students do Exercise A. Teacher encourages them to discuss the questions.

Whats the funniest movie youve ever seen?

Whats the funniest movie youve seen recently? What was your favorite funny scene?

Types of Comedies:

Comedies usually come in two general formats: comedian-led (with well-timed gags, jokes, or

sketches) and situation-comedies that are told within a narrative. Both comedy elements may

appear together and/or overlap. Comedy hybrids commonly exist with other major genres, such as

musical-comedy, horror-comedy, and comedy-thriller. Comedies have also been classified in

varioussubgenres, such as romantic comedy, crime/caper comedy, sports comedy, teen or coming-

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of-age comedy, social-class comedy, military comedy, fish-out-of-water comedy, and gross-out

comedy. There are also many different kinds, types, or forms of comedy, including:

(1) SlapstickSlapstick was predominant in the earliest silent films, since they didn't need sound to be effective,

and they were popular with non-English speaking audiences in metropolitan areas. The term

slapstick was taken from the wooden sticks that clowns slapped together to promote audience

applause.

This is primitive and universal comedy with broad, aggressive, physical, and visual action,

including harmless or painless cruelty and violence, horseplay, and often vulgar sight gags (e.g., a

custard pie in the face, collapsing houses, a fall in the ocean, a loss of trousers

or skirts, runaway crashing cars, people chases, etc). Slapstick often required

exquisite timing and well-honed performance skills. It was typical of the films

of Laurel and Hardy, Abbott and Costello, W. C. Fields, The Three Stooges, the

stunts of Harold Lloyd in Safety Last (1923), and Mack Sennett's silent era

shorts (for example, the Keystone Kops). Slapstick evolved and was reborn in

the screwball comedies of the 1930s and 1940s (see further below).

More recent feature film examples include the comedic mad chase for treasure film

by many top comedy stars in Stanley Kramer's It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World

(1963), French actor/director Jacques Tati's mostly dialogue-free Mr. Hulot's

Holiday (1953, Fr.), the Blake Edwards series of Pink Panther films with Peter

Sellers as bumbling Inspector Clouseau (especially in the second film of the series,

A Shot in the Dark (1964) with Herbert Lom as Clouseau's slow-burning boss and

Burt Kwouk as his valet and martial arts judo-specialist), and Jim Carrey in Ace

Ventura, Pet Detective (1993) and The Mask (1994). Cartoons are the quintessential

form of slapstick, i.e., the Roadrunner and Wile E. Coyote, and others.

(2) Screwball

Screwball comedies, a kind of romantic comedy films, was predominant from the mid-1930s to

the mid-1940s. The word 'screwball' denotes craziness, eccentricity, ridiculousness, and erratic

behavior.

These films combine farce, slapstick, and the witty dialogue of more

sophisticated films. In general, they are light-hearted, frothy, often

sophisticated, romantic stories, commonly focusing on a battle of the sexes in

which both co-protagonists try to outwit or outmaneuver each other. They

usually include visual gags (with some slapstick), wacky characters, identity

reversals (or cross-dressing), a fast-paced improbable plot, and rapid-fire, wise-

cracking dialogue and one-liners reflecting sexual tensions and conflicts in the

blossoming of a relationship (or the patching up of a marriage) for an attractive

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couple with on-going, antagonistic differences (such as in The Awful Truth (1937)). Some of the

stars often present in screwball comedies included Katharine Hepburn, Barbara Stanwyck,

Claudette Colbert, Jean Arthur, Irene Dunne, Myrna Loy, Ginger Rogers, Cary Grant, William

Powell, and Carole Lombard.

The couple is often a fairly eccentric, but well-to-do female interested in romance and a generally

passive, emasculated, or weak male who resists romance, such as in Bringing Up Baby (1938),

or a sexually-frustrated, humiliated male who is thwarted in romance, as in Howard Hawks' farce I

Was a Male War Bride (1949). The zany but glamorous characters often have contradictory desires

for individual identity and for union in a romance under the most unorthodox, insane or

implausible circumstances (such as in Preston Sturges' classic screwball comedy and battle of the

sexes The Lady Eve (1941)). However, after a twisting and turning plot, romantic love usually

triumphs in the end. (See more discussion later in this section.)

(3) Black or Dark Comedy

These are dark, sarcastic, humorous, or sardonic stories that help us examine otherwise

ignored darker serious, pessimistic subjects such as war, death, or illness. Two of the greatest

black comedies ever made include the following: Stanley Kubrick's Cold War classic satire from a

script by co-writer Terry Southern, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop

Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)that spoofed the insanity of political and military

institutions with Peter Sellers in a triple role (as a Nazi scientist, a British major, and

the US President), and Robert Altman's M*A*S*H (1970), an irreverent, anti-war

black comedy set during the Korean War. Another more recent classic black comedy

was the Coen Brothers' violent and quirky story Fargo (1996) about a pregnant

Midwestern police chief (Oscar-winning Frances McDormand) who solves a 'perfect

crime' that went seriously wrong.

(4) Farce or Parody - also Satire and Spoof

Farce. The identifying features of farce are zaniness, slapstick humor, and

hilarious improbability. The characters of farce are typically fantastic or absurd and usually far

more ridiculous than those in other forms of comedy. At the same time, farcical plots are often full

of wild coincidences and seemingly endless twists and complications. Elaborate comic intrigues

involving deception, disguise, and mistaken identity are the rule. Examples of the genre include

Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors, the "Pink Panther" movies, and the films of the Marx Brothers

and Three Stooges, including:

the Marx Brothers' satiric anti-war masterpiece Duck Soup

(1933) with anarchic humor

the western spoof Cat Ballou (1965)

Woody Allen's Japanese monster film parody What's Up, Tiger

Lily? (1966)

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the 'genre' films of Mel Brooks (the quasi-western Blazing Saddles (1974), the quasi-

horror film Young Frankenstein (1974), the inventive Hitchcock spoof/rip-off High

Anxiety (1977), the Star Wars (1977)spoof Spaceballs (1987), and his swashbuckler

send-up Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993))

Herbert Ross' Play It Again, Sam (1972) poked fun at Woody Allen as an insecure

nebbish-hero who worshipped an imaginary, trench-coated, archetypal tough-guy

detective (a la Humphrey Bogart)

Silver Streak (1976) - a comic thriller parody of Alfred Hitchcock's 'train' pictures, with

Gene Wilder and Richard Pryor (their best film together) onboard the Silver Streak from

LA to Chicago

Neil Simon's scripts for The Cheap Detective (1978) and Murder By Death (1978)

spoofed Agatha Christie detective films

Jim Abrahams' and the Zuckers' revolutionary comedy Airplane! (1980) - a sophomoric

parody of the earlier disaster series of Airport (1970) films and the original Zero Hour

(1957); their The Naked Gun (1988) series parodied TV cop shows, and Top Secret!

(1984) ridiculed Cold War agents and espionage spy films (and Elvis Presley films);

Abrahams' military comedy Hot Shots! (1991) was a genre parody/spoof of Top Gun

(1986), while Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993) parodied Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985)

in The Freshman (1990), Marlon Brando (as Carmine Sabatini) poked fun - with brilliant

parody - at his own characterization of Don Corleone in The Godfather (1972)

Carl Reiner's Fatal Instinct (1993) spoofed suspense thrillers and murder mysteries such

asBasic Instinct (1992)

Gene Quintano's Loaded Weapon I (1993) made fun of Lethal Weapon (1987) as well as

The Silence of the Lambs (1991),Basic Instinct (1992), and Wayne's World (1992)

the Austin Powers films (1997, 1999, 2002) - parodies of the James Bond 007 films

the Scream films (1996, 1997, 2000) - spoofs of slasher horror films

Barry Sonnenfeld's Men in Black (1997) - a sci-fi comedy farce based on a comic book

series that poked fun at alien invasion films, with Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith as

government agents (with camaraderie similar to Mel Gibson and Danny Glover in the

Lethal Weapon series) battling about 1500 Earth-dwelling, other-worldly extra-terrestrials

in the New York area; a sequel appeared in 2002

Galaxy Quest (1999), about the cast (including Tim Allen, Alan Rickman, and Sigourney

Weaver) of a 70s sci-fi TV series in reruns, this was a parody of sci-fi TV, Star Trek itself,

and cultish "Trekkie" activities

director Nora Ephron's romantic comedy You've Got Mail (1998) updated and paid

homage to Ernst Lubitsch's classic The Shop Around the Corner (1940), with leads Tom

Hanks and Meg Ryan in their third teaming (after their previous hit with Ephron -

Sleepless in Seattle (1993)), replacing James Stewart and Margaret Sullavan as feuding-

by-email Manhattan bookstore owners

Last Action Hero (1993) - a spoof of action films

3. Individual Work: Which comedy are you interested in? Please describe it to us. Is it slapstick

or screwball? Black comedy or farce?

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Information about some famous comedians:

James Eugene "Jim" Carrey (bornJanuary 17,1962) is a double Golden Globe-winning

Canadian-Americanactorandcomedian. He is known for his manic, slapstickperformances in

comedy films such asAce Ventura: Pet Detective; Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls; The Mask;

Dumb and Dumber;Me, Myself & Irene; Fun with Dick and Jane;The Cable Guy; Liar Liar; and

Bruce Almighty. Carrey has also achieved critical success in dramatic roles in films such as The

Truman Show,Man on the Moon, andEternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. He also provides

the voice for Horton in the animated feature filmHorton Hears a Who!, released March 14, 2008.

The film was his first animated feature role.

Whoopi Goldberg (born November 13, 1955) is an American actress, comedian, radio host, TV

personality, game show host, and author. She is one of only ten individuals who have won an

Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award, counting Daytime Emmy Awards. She is the

second African American female performer to win an Academy Award for acting (the first being

Hattie McDaniel). She has won two Golden Globe Awards and two Saturn Awards for her

performances in Star Trek Generations and Ghost.

Michael John Myers was born in 1963 in Scarborough, Ontario. His television career really

started in 1988, when he joined"Saturday Night Live" (1975), where he spent six seasons. He

brought to life many memorable characters, such as Dieter and Wayne Cambell. His major movies

includeWayne's World (1992), Wayne's World 2 (1993), So I Married an Axe Murderer(1993),

the Austin Powers movies and The Cat in the Hat(2003).

Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (born 6 January1955) is an Englishcomedian,actorand writer,

famous for his title roles in theBritish television comediesBlackadderand Mr. Bean. He has been

listed inThe Observeras one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy, and amongst the top 50

comedy acts ever in a 2005 poll of fellow comedians.

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Antonymism