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Antonella Bogoni CNIT-TECIP
Microwave Signal Generation • High purity carrier generation • Arbitrary waveform generation • Terahertz signal generation
Microwave Signal Distribution • Analog photonic link • Radio over Fiber • Antenna remoting
Microwave Signal Processing • Photonic ADC • Photonic beamforming • Photonic filters and up\down conversion
Microwave Signal Measurement • Instantaneous frequency measurement • Warfare Receiver
Different functionalities could be exploited
via different systems:
Different carrier frequency
Different waveforms
Different bandwidth
……
Currently each apparatus work in specific
conditions
The performance get worsen as the RF
frequency increases
A multifunction radar is a single unit (operating in more than one band) will perform target detection and identification, tracking, discrimination on a large number of target as well as environmental mapping, communication links etc. etc..
The evolution of software defined radar (SDR) receivers strongly depends on the progress of high speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)
The key challenges for a high-speed ADC that also represent the current electronic issues are: are: Large input bandwidth (BW) High sampling rates Sensitivity and dynamic range (SNR & SFDR) Quality of the digitized signal (ENOB)
The surveillance of surrounding environment in complex scenarios can be enabled by Multifunctional Coherent Radar
The key challenges for Software Defined Generator that also represent the current electronic issues are: Wide bandwidth Waveform flexibility Carrier frequency flexibility (up to mmW) Superior phase stability
Today’s best electronic ADCs show only few GHz of analog BW, with a sampling clock aperture jitter of hundreds of femtoseconds
Today’s best electronic DDS are available only at low frequency (few GHz) and they require analog up-conversion stages using mixers which introduces phase noise and distortions
RF frequency
Phas
e no
ise
~1GHZ photonics
electronics
TX Electronic solutions Photonic-based solutions
RF carrier Single band 400 MHz–50 GHz
SNR > 60 dB >53 dB
Jitter Depending on the RF
> 100 fs at 10 GHz
<10 fs
Inst band Few MHz Up to 1 GHz
Modulation formats Amplitude and phase coding Amplitude and phase coding
Our results
By MIT
Optical PathElectrical Path
JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.
CW
Radar Pulse
ν0
ν0 + NΔν
NΔν + δν
ν
NΔν + δν
ν
NΔν + δννν
ννν0
ννν0 + NΔν
Mod.
CW
The phase stability is the main issue Complex feedbacks are required
Optro-electro transducer
Optical specturm
Electrical specturm
Optical specturm
Continuous wave LASERS
f=N∆ν
NΔν + δννν
Phase locked modes should ensure high phase stability of the RF signal Selecting couple of modes at variable detuning, RF signals at tunable carrier can be
generated To avoid phase variation due to mechanical vibrations, the scheme should exploit
integrated optics
MLL
MZM
WaveformGenerator
ν0
ν0+NΔν
NΔν
ν
ν
νν0 + NΔν
ν0 ν
ν
ν0
Δν
MLL
MZMMZM
WaveformGenerator
ν0
ν0+NΔν
NΔν
ν
ν
νν0 + NΔν
ν0 ν
ν
ν0
Δν
f=N∆ν Optical specturm
Optical specturm
Pulse laser
Optical filters Modulator
NΔν + δννν
Electrical specturm
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60RF Frequency [GHz]
Tim
ing
Jitte
r [fs
]
Integration Intervals:Integration Intervals:
It is constant for any generated frequency The measured timing jitter is low (2.5% of the carrier period at 50GHz)
530fs
4fs
G. Serafino, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.
Optical PathElectrical Path
JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.
MLL MZ mod.
ADC
Received RADAR signal
Time Domain Parallelizer (DEMUX)
ADC
…
t t
÷N
t t
MZswitch
MZswitch
MZswitch
RF Port 1
RF Port 2
RF Port 3
Optical input t
t
Optical Output 1
Optical Output 2
Optical Output 3
Optical Output 4
t
t
t
t
t 1:4 parallelizer
Device developed by Selex, within Nexpresso project
Optical PathElectrical Path
JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.
SFDR = 15dBc 2th HR = 38dBc
SFDR = 57dBc 2th HR = 55dBc
SFDR = 65dBc 2th HR = 55dBc
Raw data
Gain\offset equalization
Time skew equalization
Performances enhancement due to the Digital Signal Processing
TX Jitter <10 fs SNR >53 dB
RF carrier 400 MHz–50 GHz
Inst band Up to 1 GHz Modulation formats Amplitude and
phase coding RX
ENOB > 7 carrier 400 MHz-40 GHz
Inst band Up to 1 GHz
RF Carrier 9.9GHz CW RF Output Power
-30dBm
Waveform type Pulse, Barker, Frank, PRBS, Golay
Waveform bandwidth
40MHz max
Waveform IF 100 MHz Waveform IF power
About 10dBm
RF Received Carrier
DC-20GHz
Input power About 0dBm (max 10dBm)
Sampling frequency
16MHz, 80MHz, 400MHz
Received Bandwidth
8MHz, 40MHz, 200MHz
Multiband integrated arrayed RADCOM system (radar and communication)
ENOB (Effective Number of bits)> 10; SINAD (Signal to noise and distortion) >60dB
Low phase noise SNR > 60 dB
Instantaneous bandwidth up to 1GHz
Detection, tracking of multiple targets– high resolution imaging
1. P.Ghelfi, F. Laghezza, F. Scotti, G. Serafino, S. Pinna, A. Bogoni “Advanced Photonic architectures for Radar Systems” Optics Express Vol. 21, n. 19, 2013.
2. Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Serafino G., S. Pinna, Bogoni A.“ PHODIR: Photonics-based fully digital radar system”, 2013 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), Alexandria, Virginia, USA.
3. Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Serafino G., S. Pinna, Bogoni A.“Photonic-assisted RF transceiver” ECOC 2013, London UK, September 2013
4. Bogoni A., “Photonics for new generation fully-digital radar and wireless communication systems: from the photonic-based RF signal generation to the optical RF sampling”, Plenary talk, International Workshop pn telecommunications, Brazil, May 2013.
Invited contributions
1. Ghelfi P., Serafino G., Scotti F., Laghezza F., and Bogoni A., “Flexible Receiver for Multi-Band OFDM Signals at Millimeter-Waveband based on Optical Down-Convertion”, Optics Letters vol.37, n.18, pp. 3924-3926, 2012.
2. Ghelfi P., Scotti F., Laghezza F., and Bogoni A., "Phase Coding of RF Pulses in Photonics-Aided Frequency-Agile Coherent Radar Systems", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012.
3. Ghelfi P., Scotti F., Laghezza F., Bogoni A., “Photonic Generation of Phase-Modulated RF Signals for Pulse Compression Techniques in Coherent Radars”, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012.
4. F. Laghezza, F. Berizzi, A. Capria, A. Cacciamano, P. Ghelfi, G. Serafino, A. Bogoni. “Reconfigurable Radar Transmitter Based on Photonic Microwave Signal Generation”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Volume 3, Special Issue 03, pp 383-389. 2011.
5. Scotti F., Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Serafino G., Pinna S., Bogoni A., “Flexible True-Time-Delay Beamforming in a Photonics-Based RF Broadband Signals Generator”, ECOC2013, London, UK, Sept. 2013.
6. Pierno L., Fiorello A.M., Bogoni A., Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Pinna S., “Optical switching matrix as Time Domain Demultiplexer in photonic ADC”, EUMiC 2013.
7. Scotti F., Laghezza F., Pinna S., Ghelfi P., and Bogoni A., "High Precision Photonic ADC with Four Time-Domain-Demultiplexed Interleaved Channels", Photonics in Switching 2013, TuO1-3, Osaka,.
8. Laghezza F., Scotti F., Pinna S., Ghelfi P., Bogoni A., “Jitter-Limited Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter with 7 Effective Bits for Wideband Radar Applications”, International Radar Conference 2013, Canada
9. Ghelfi P., Serafino G., Scotti F., Laghezza F., Bogoni A., "Flexible Multi-Band OFDM Receiver Based on Optical Down-Conversion for Millimeter Waveband Wireless Base Stations", P6.06, ECOC 2012, Amsterdam, The Nederlands, 2012
Regular contributions
