Antimony in Serbia

7/25/2019 Antimony in Serbia

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Antimony in Serbia1. About antimonyAntimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number 51. A

lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S). Antimony

com!ounds ha"e been #nown since ancient times and were used for cosmetics$ metallic antimony

was also #nown, but it was erroneously identified as lead u!on its disco"ery. %t was first isolated by

&annoccio 'iringuccio and described in 15.

*or some time, +hina has been the largest !roducer of antimony and its com!ounds, with most

!roduction coming from the i#uangshan -ine in unan. /he industrial methods to !roduce antimony

are roasting and subse0uent carbothermal reduction or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

/he largest a!!lications for metallic antimony are as alloying material for lead and tin and for lead

antimony !lates in leadacid batteries. Alloying lead and tin with antimony im!ro"es the !ro!erties of

the alloys which are used in solders, bullets and !lain bearings. Antimony com!ounds are !rominent

additi"es for chlorine and brominecontaining fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic

!roducts. An emerging a!!lication is the use of antimony in microelectronics.

1.1. Applications

Antimony is mainly used as its trio3ide in ma#ing flame-proofingcom!ounds. %t is nearly always

used in combination with halogenated flame retardants, with the only e3ce!tion being in halogen

containing !olymers. -ar#ets for these flameretardant a!!lications include children4s clothing, toys,

aircraft and automobile seat co"ers

Antimony forms a highly useful alloywith lead, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength.

*or most a!!lications in"ol"ing lead, "arying amounts of antimony are used as alloying metal. %n

leadacid batteries, this addition im!ro"es the charging characteristics and reduces generation of

unwanted hydrogen during charging.


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sed in semiconductor technology for ma#ing infrared detectors, diodes, and alleffect de"ices

6/78S: batteries, antifriction alloys, ty!e metal, small arms and tracer bullets, cable

sheathing, and minor !roducts use about half the metal !roduced

o3ides, sul!hides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride are used in manufacturing flame

!roofing com!ounds, !aints, ceramic enamels, glass, and !ottery.

tartar emetic (hydrated !otassium antimonyltartate) is used in medicine

sl.1. Antimony


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sl.2. Antimony in Serbia

2. Curent antimony reserves in Serbia

/he western !art of Serbia, des!ite the !re"ailing e3haustion of #nown ore bodies, is still the most

interesting area in terms of antimony mineralisation. -ineral resources in a number of de!osits are

significant but marginal or subeconomic.

S!ecial interest has been !aid to the com!le3 Sb9bnAs 8u;e"ac de!osits. %ts resources may

be treated only as conditionally economic until technological issues are resol"ed obtaining

commercial antimonite concentrate. 9otential yet unidentified mineral resources of ;as!eroide

antimony orety!e, es!ecially in western Serbia, are considered significant but an underresearched

and undere3!lored target.


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a

"illage ( inhabitants) ;ust 1m away from houses and the "illage !rimary school. -ost

citi=ens of a;a>a are em!loyed at the mine. %n 2B the mines and a smelting factory were !ri"ati=ed

by the Serbian com!any *arma#om mb that focused its wor# on recycling and refining old lead. /he

mine has reser"es amounting to .B million tonnes of ore grading 2.5C antimony.

o 8a;ice"a Dora

/he 8a;ice"a Dora mine is one of the largest antimony mines in Serbia. /he mine is located in

8a;ice"a Dora in 8asina


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from sym!toms li#e !neumoconiosis, gastrointestinal !roblems, antimony s!ots a!!earing on their

s#in, and

res!iratory irritation. owe"er, if you come into contact with actual antimony dust, you can

e3!erience sym!toms li#e de!ression, di==iness, headaches, "omiting, #idney damage, or li"er

damage. 6ne com!oundHantimony trio3ideHis e"en belie"ed to be carcinogenic, and antimony

!oisoning has also been #nown to lead to AdamsSto#es syndrome.

5. Summary

The reason !hy " #eci#e# to !rite about one of many minerals situate# in in our country is that "

conclu#e# that this mineral can be use# as a metaphor for somethin much bier. Situation of

antimony pro#uction in our country can apply to !hole economical system in our country. $nce

upon a time !e ha# somethin that !as sini%cant for !hole !orl#. "t !as a reason for !ars& an#

no! all !e have is a bunch of manaers tryin to sell one of the rear thins that actualy have

some !alue in this !orl#.

'e nee# to2 transform. 'e nee# to un#erstan# that there !on(t be any proress until !e %n#some blac) material un#er our nails !hen !e come home from !or).

Contents

1. About antimony........................................................................................................................1

1.1. Applications........................................................................................................................ 1

2. Curent antimony reserves in Serbia.........................................................................................3

3. History of Antimony exploatation in Serbia...............................................................................4

4. The Health Daners of Antimony..............................................................................................4

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Antimony in Serbia