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Antihypertensive MedicationsOverview, Diuretics, BB & CCBHypertension

2Hypertension means high blood pressure. High blood pressure is an increased pressure in your blood vessels, and therefore there is less space for your blood to travel through It can be caused by many factors such as stress, high cholesterol, and inactivity. It is classified into mild, moderate, and severe hypertension. If you have mild, moderate, or severe hypertension, you have an increased risk of having a heart attack or a stroke. HypertensionBlood pressure levels are a function of cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance (the resistance in the blood vessels to the flow of blood)3The diameter of the blood vessel affects blood flow. When the diameter is decreased, as in CHD, resistance and blood pressure increases.Two classes of of hypertension. In 90-95% of patients presenting with hypertension, the cause is unknown. This condition is called primary (or essential) hypertension. The remaining 5-10% of hypertensive patients have hypertension that results secondarily from renal disease, endocrine disorders, or other identifiable causes. This form of hypertension is called secondary hypertension. Hemodynamic basis of hypertension. Regardless of the origin of hypertension, the actual increase in arterial blood pressure is caused by either an increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or an increase in cardiac output (CO). The former is determined by the vascular tone (i.e., state of constriction) of systemic resistance vessels, whereas the latter is determined by heart rate and stroke volume. Therefore, in order to understand how arterial blood pressure can become elevated, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that regulate both SVR and CO.

HypertensionThe major factors which help maintain blood pressure (BP) include the sympathetic nervous system and the kidneys.Optimal healthy blood pressure is a systolic blood pressure of