Anthropometric Assessment Systems

BPK303

Summer 2014

Anthropometric Assessments

Comparison of Anthropometric measures to normative data.

Measures intended to reflect growth and/or body composition.

Reliable measurement of standardized techniques essential.

Appropriate norms?

C.F.S. - Canada Fitness Survey 1981

Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute

The 1981 Canada Fitness Survey was the first nationally representative study of the physical recreation habits, physical fitness, and health status of an entire population.

More than 23,000 Canadians aged 7 and older participated in this historic survey, providing baseline data representing all Canadians except the 3% not living in households.

The anthropometric and performance data was then used as the normative data for the Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness

C.S.T.F.

Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness Performance Tests

Step test, grip strength, push ups, sit ups, sit and reach.

Anthropometric Assessment consisted of: % body Fat determined by the Durnin &

Womersley equations based upon the sum of 4 skinfolds (Triceps, Subscapular, Biceps, and Iliac Crest)

Durnin & Womersley (1974)

Density = a (log10Sum 4 SF) + c◦ Sum of Triceps, Subscapular, Biceps, and Iliac Crest

Skinfolds◦ a & c dependent upon age and gender specific equations◦ British sample measured on the left side of the body

% Fat = (4.95/Density)-4.5) x 100Problems encountered by C.S.T.F.

◦ Overpredicts by 3 - 5% Fat◦ Upper body sites

C.S.T.F.

Canadian Standardized Test of Fitness Revised Anthropometric Assessment

included: Body Mass Index Sum 5 Skinfolds Sum Trunk Skinfolds Waist to hip girth ratio

C.P.A.F.L.A.The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness & Lifestyle Approach

Modification of the C.S.T.F.◦ Change in style – Rather than using Health Risk Zones,

Health Benefit Zones were identifiedAnthropometric Assessment includes:

◦ Body Mass Index (BMI)◦ Sum of Five Skinfolds (mm) (SO5S)◦ Waist Girth (cm) (WG)◦ Sum of Two Trunk Skinfolds (mm) (SO2S)

C.P.A.F.L.A. taught in Kin 343◦ Why are some of the techniques for skinfolds in Kin 303

and Kin 343 different?

Health Benefit Zones By Age and Gender For Body

Weight, Adiposity and Fat Distribution Measurements

Male(15-19 yrs)

Female(15-19 yrs)

Male(20-29 yrs)

Female(20-29 yrs)

BMI 19-24 19-24 20-25 20-25

SO5S(mm) 31-47 46-69 32-58 46-72

WG(cm) 67- 88 61- 81 71-93 61-81

SO2S(mm) 11-24 13-29 13-32 13-36

Determination of Health Benefit Zones – Scoring of Body Composition Assessments

BMI healthy and SO5S healthy 8 points

BMI unhealthy and SO5S healthy 8 points

BMI healthy and SO5S unhealthy 3 points

BMI unhealthy and SO5S unhealthy 0 points

WG healthy and SO2S healthy 8 points

WG healthy and SO2S unhealthy 4 points

WG unhealthy and SO2S unhealthy 2 points

WG unhealthy and SO2S healthy 0 points

Determination of Health Benefit Zones – Corresponding Health Benefit Zones

for Healthy Body Composition

16 points Excellent

12 points Very Good

7-11 points Good

4-5 points Fair

0-3 points Needs Improvement

11

Table 6-7: HEALTH BENEFIT ZONES FOR BODY COMPOSITION

ExcellentYour body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with optimal health benefits.

Very GoodYour body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with considerable health benefits.

GoodYour body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with many health benefits.

Fair

Your body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with some health risk. Continuing to progress from here into the GOOD zone will further increase the health benefits associated with your body composition.

Needs Improvement

Your body composition falls within a range that is generally associated with considerable health risk. Try to achieve and maintain a healthy body composition by enjoying regular physical activity and healthy eating. Progressing from here into the FAIR zone is a very significant step to increasing the health benefits associated with your body composition.

CSEP-PATH 2013Physical Activity Training for Health

Skinfolds removed

Waist Girth definition changed

Advanced O-SCALE System

for individual physique assessment

Developed to fill a need

% body fat predictions have unacceptably high S.E.E.’s

Individual assessments vs group validation

Designed with the expectation of becoming obsolete very soon

Components

Anthropometric measures Geometric scaling General appraisal of physique Detailed appraisal

STANINE chosen for O-SCALE system based upon number of categories and equal width of categories

Stanine Category 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Percentage of

Normal Distribution within Category

4% 7% 12% 17% 20% 17% 12% 7% 4%

Boundary Z-Scores -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 +0.25 +0.75 +1.25 +1.75  

Boundary Percentiles 4 11 23 40 60 77 89 96  

General description of physique

Adiposity rating based on skinfolds Proportional weight rating Stanine scores

equal width of categories nine categories seemed appropriate

Adiposity Rating

Proportional Sum of six skinfolds Sum 6 SF * (170.18/Ht)

Comparison to age and sex specific norms via stanine scale

Females

23 year old femaleProp. Sum of 6 skinfolds = 79.4Adiposity (A) rating = 3

Proportional Weight Rating

Proportional Weight WT * (170.18/HT)3

Comparison to age and sex specific norms via stanine scale

Females

A & W Ratings

A = 7, W = 7, - Balanced physique A = 7, W = 5, - Adiposity dominant A = 5, W = 7, - Weight dominant

_______________________________________________________________ | | | O-Scale Rating For : Military Woman | | Date : 10/07/87 | | Age (decimal years) : 23.5 | | Height (centimeters) : 159.0 | | Weight (kilograms) : 72.3 | | Sum of 6 Skinfolds (millimeters) : 88.8 | | Proportional Sum of 6 Skinfolds (mm) : 95.0 | | Proportional Weight (kilograms) : 88.6 | | | | |..1..|..2..|..3..|..4..|..5..|..6..|..7..|..8..|..9..| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A | | | | | * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....|.....| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | W | | | | | | | | | * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |.....4%...11%...23%...40%...60%...77%...89%...96%....| | | | | PERCENTAGE BODY FAT PREDICTIONS | | Yuhasz 17.3 % | | Sloan 21.7 % | | Durnin & Womersley 28.2 % | | BODY MASS INDEX | | BMI 28.6 | |_______________________________________________________________|

Detailed Description of Physique

Listing of all measures with 4th, 50th & 95th percentiles

Proportionality profiles z-values plotted vs similarly scaled

norm values

_______________________________________________________________ | | | SIZE PROFILE | | Female age 23.5 Norm Percentiles | | Present 4% 50% 96% | |_______________________________________________________________| _______________________________________________________________ | | | Weight 72.3 47.5 58.2 74.3 | | Height 159.0 154.1 165.5 176.3 | | | | Skinfolds | | Triceps 16.5 8.3 15.3 27.0 | | Subscapular 16.8 7.1 12.1 25.3 | | Biceps 6.5 3.7 7.3 15.1 | | Iliac Crest 15.3 6.8 11.3 26.0 | | Supraspinale 11.3 5.5 11.0 24.2 | | Abdominal 16.5 6.8 15.5 32.7 | | Front Thigh 17.5 11.0 22.3 39.2 | | Medial Calf 10.2 7.5 15.1 28.0 | | | | Girths | | Arm (relaxed) 32.9 22.2 26.7 31.5 | | Arm (flexed) 33.5 23.5 27.1 32.0 | | Forearm (maximum) 25.6 21.2 23.2 26.5 | | Wrist 15.8 13.6 14.5 16.2 | | Chest 96.1 78.4 83.8 96.0 | | Waist 78.4 61.0 67.9 81.6 | | Gluteal 100.2 84.8 93.6 106.1 | | Thigh 60.5 47.7 55.9 63.7 | | Calf (maximum) 37.5 30.6 34.7 39.7 | | Ankle 21.7 18.5 20.7 23.8 | | | | Widths | | Humerus 6.5 5.3 6.0 6.8 | | Femur 9.3 7.9 8.8 10.0 | | | | Corrected Girths | | Arm 27.7 18.2 22.0 25.3 | | Chest 90.8 75.4 80.5 88.6 | | Thigh 55.0 40.5 48.5 55.0 | | Calf 34.3 25.7 29.8 34.5 | |_______________________________________________________________|

_______________________________________________________________ | | | PROPORTIONALITY PROFILE | | Your measurements are scaled to a common stature and then | | plotted relative to your age and sex norms. | |_______________________________________________________________| | | | 4% 50% 96% | | Weight .......|.........|.........|....*........... | | | | Skinfolds | | Triceps .......|.........|.*.......|................ | | Subscapular .......|.........|...*.....|................ | | Biceps .......|........*|.........|................ | | Iliac Crest .......|.........|..*......|................ | | Supraspinale .......|.........|*........|................ | | Abdominal .......|.........|*........|................ | | Front Thigh .......|.....*...|.........|................ | | Medial Calf .......|...*.....|.........|................ | | | | Girths | | Arm (relaxed) .......|.........|.........|....*........... | | Arm (flexed) .......|.........|.........|.....*.......... | | Forearm (maximum).......|.........|.........|.*.............. | | Wrist .......|.........|.........*................ | | Chest .......|.........|.........|.*.............. | | Waist .......|.........|.........*................ | | Gluteal .......|.........|........*|................ | | Thigh .......|.........|........*|................ | | Calf (maximum) .......|.........|........*|................ | | Ankle .......|.........|.....*...|................ | | | | Widths | | Humerus .......|.........|.........*................ | | Femur .......|.........|......*..|................ | | | | Corrected Girths | | Arm .......|.........|.........|...........*.... | | Chest .......|.........|.........|.......*........ | | Thigh .......|.........|.........|...*............ | | Calf .......|.........|.........|..*............. | |_______________________________________________________________|

MALE

GAMMA

THETA

THETA

Differences from O-SCALE system

Normative Database:

Proportional Values rather than z-values:

Skinfold-adjusted Forearm Girth:

Scaling Height is 170cm rather than 170.18cm:

Detailed Description of Physique does not require Computer Software:

C.P.A.F.L.A. Indices shown as percentile charts based upon KIN-Scale norms

41

Fall 2012 students

42Balanced 20 (23.8%)

Weight Dominant

33 (39.3%)Adiposity Dominant

31 (36.9%)

A – W Difference indicates relative Musculo-Skeletal Development

5 - 2 4 - 2 4 -8

44

Muscularity                                            Upper Arm 19.4   19.1 19.6 19.9

20.4

20.8 21.0 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.8 25.5 26.8  

Forearm 19.4   19.1 19.7 20.020.2

20.5 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.4 23.9  

Thigh 42.0   43.2 44.4 45.746.8

47.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.3 49.9 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.2 53.0 53.7 54.7 55.7 57.9  

Calf 29.0   28.2 29.0 29.429.7

30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.6 32.0 32.5 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.6 34.2 34.7 35.3 36.5  

Muscularity                                            Upper Arm 23.8   19.1 19.6 19.9 20.4 20.8 21.0 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.8 25.5 26.8  Forearm 23.6   19.1 19.7 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.4 23.9  Thigh 60.8   43.2 44.4 45.7 46.8 47.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.3 49.9 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.2 53.0 53.7 54.7 55.7 57.9  Calf 39.8   28.2 29.0 29.4 29.7 30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.6 32.0 32.5 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.6 34.2 34.7 35.3 36.5  

Muscularity                                            Upper Arm 22.4   19.1 19.6 19.9 20.4 20.8 21.0 21.5 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.6 24.2 24.8 25.5 26.8  Forearm 21.1   19.1 19.7 20.0 20.2 20.5 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.4 23.9  Thigh 45.2   43.2 44.4 45.7 46.8 47.4 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.3 49.9 50.5 51.1 51.7 52.2 53.0 53.7 54.7 55.7 57.9  Calf 30.8   28.2 29.0 29.4 29.7 30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 31.6 32.0 32.5 32.6 33.0 33.2 33.6 34.2 34.7 35.3 36.5  

5 - 2

4 - 2

4 - 8