ANTH 101 Course Outline

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    DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY

    Anthropology 101

    World Archaeology

    SEMESTER 1

    LecturerProfessor Peter J. Sheppard HSB 719

    Office hours: Tuesday 1:00-2 PM or by appointment.

    [email protected]

    Goals of the CourseAt the end of the course you are expected to have a grounding in human cultural evolutionover the last 2 million years. You will be able to discuss the following topics:

    The difference between modern theories of cultural evolution and earlier ideas ofunilineal cultural evolution,

    The significant developments that led to the emergence of modern humans from ourarchaic ancestors,

    Social and cultural changes associated with the domestication of plants and animals,

    Changes that accompanied the beginnings of social complexity and,

    The significance of the rise of complex society.

    Some basic methods of analysis (dating etc.) used in archaeologyIn your discussion of these topics, you will be expected to use examples drawn from a

    number of locations from around the world.

    You will be expected to write about these topics in essays and to be able to answer specific

    questions in short answer or multi choice format. You will also be required to attend tutorials

    and participate in tutorial discussion.

    Lectures

    Lectures are on Tuesday 3-4 PM in MLT1/303-G23 and Thursday 3-4 in

    PLT1/303-G20

    YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO ATTEND ALL LECTURES.

    Students who do not attend lectures have a high probability of failing the

    course.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
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    TutorialsSemester schedule

    This paper has three types of compulsory classes: lectures, tutorials, and skills sessions. (On

    Student Services Online, skills sessions are labelled workshops.) The following schedule

    shows you when you need to attend each type of class.

    Week 1 Lecture +

    Week 2 Lecture + Tutorial

    Week 3 Lecture + Tutorial and Workshop

    Week 4 Lecture Tutorial

    Week 5 Lecture + Tutorial

    Week 6 Lecture +

    Week 7 Lecture + Workshop

    Mid-semester Break

    Week 8 Lecture Tutorial and Workshop

    Week 9 Lecture + Tutorial

    Week 10 Lecture

    Week 11 Lecture +

    Week 12 Lecture

    Lectures: You are expected to take notes on the main points of all lectures. Lecture outlines will beavailable before class on CECIL. However these are not designed as lecture notes and it is expectedthat you will attend all lectures and prepare your own, personal lecture notes. You may wish to printout the lecture outlines before class and annotate them.Tutorials: In tutorials you will have the opportunity to ask questions, clarify lectures and readings,develop verbal participation skills and discuss relevant issues. Please ensure you have completed thereadings before going to tutorials. Tutorials may include quizzes, exercises or revision materials thatwill be distributed only to those in attendance at the tutorial, irrespective of your reason for absence.

    Tutorial content may appear in the final exam.Workshops/Skill Sessions: These sessions will address critical reading and writing skills, which areessential for your major essay. In these sessions you will join students form other Anthropologycourses and will be guided through a number of activities targeting the reading and writingcomponents of these courses. In particular, we will look at: how to analyse essay questions: how to

    target your reading towards a particular essay topic: how to distinguish arguments from data inanthropological articles: and what kinds of things tutors and lecturers look for when they mark anessay.

    Peerwise

    http://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/at/?uoa_nzPeerwise is a web-based system that lets you write your own multiple-choice questions, and answer

    questions submitted by your peers. The process of writing questions (and answering them) is a goodway to review material for your multiple-choice examination. Peerwise will be available from Week

    3. You may log in with your usual University of Auckland login name (eg. aren123) and password.

    http://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/at/?uoa_nzhttp://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/at/?uoa_nzhttp://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/at/?uoa_nz
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    mounted via Cecil. We make very heavy use of Cecil please take advantage of the many

    resources to be found there. These include lecture outlines, study guides, interesting articles

    on topics covered and much more.

    This paper uses several online resources. You can access these through CECIL. ClickKnowledge

    Map (bottom left of the screen) and then expand each topic as shown below.

    Turnitin

    www.turnitin.com

    You must submit a copy of your assignments on the due date. The course number is: 6206573. Thecourse password is: Anth101. You can find more information about Turnitin on CECIL. Assignmentsthat display any plagiarism (including naive or inadvertent plagiarism) may be penalised. If you arenot sure what this means, please see the examples of inadvertent plagiarism on CECIL, and refer tothe following website:www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/cs-academic-honesty .

    The University Policy on plagiarism is as follows

    The University of Auckland will not tolerate cheating, or assisting others to cheat, and viewscheating in coursework as a serious academic offence. The work that a student submits for

    grading must be the student's own work, reflecting his or her learning. Where work from othersources is used, it must be properly acknowledged and referenced. This requirement alsoapplies to sources on the world-wide web. A student's assessed work may be reviewedagainst electronic source material using computerised detection mechanisms. Uponreasonable request, students may be required to provide an electronic version of their workfor computerised review.

    Library task

    The library task (available on CECIL) will help you learn essential referencing and research skills foryour major essay. In preparation for this assignment, it is recommended that you watch the short

    video tutorials on CECIL. These videos (between one and five minutes long) will show you how to

    http://www.turnitin.com/http://www.turnitin.com/http://www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/cs-academic-honestyhttp://www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/cs-academic-honestyhttp://www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/cs-academic-honestyhttp://www.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/cs-academic-honestyhttp://www.turnitin.com/
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    search the relevant databases, and how to distinguish between different types of references. TheAnthropology Undergraduate Writing Guide on CECIL also guides you through the referencing style.

    Essay Style Guide:

    Detailed information on Department of Anthropology policy on the preparation of Essays and

    correction citation of sources can be found athttp://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/departments-and-schools/department-of-

    anthropology/helpandadvice-6or on CECIL

    EXTENSIONS:

    Course work can only be accepted after the due dates given above with a MEDICAL

    CERTIFICATE OR EQUIVALENT.

    No extensions will be granted beyond the dates on which course work is returned to

    students. THERE CAN BE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THESE RULES.

    Recommended TextFagan, B.M. 2010People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory. (13th ed.) New

    York: Harper Collins.

    Please note that there are many earlier editions of Faganwe will be using the most recent

    edition. Earlier editions are available but some of the older ones are quite out of date.

    Course CommunicationsWe communicate with you via email using Cecil. Please ensure that your correct email

    address is in the system and that your inbox is not full. The University of Auckland policy is

    that once an email is sent, you are assumed to have received it. Failure to read a message will

    not be accepted as a reason for failure to perform.

    http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/departments-and-schools/department-of-anthropology/helpandadvice-6http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/departments-and-schools/department-of-anthropology/helpandadvice-6http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/departments-and-schools/department-of-anthropology/helpandadvice-6http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/departments-and-schools/department-of-anthropology/helpandadvice-6http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/home/about/departments-and-schools/department-of-anthropology/helpandadvice-6
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    LECTURE OUTLINE

    LectureWeek 1

    1. Course introduction and orientation.Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 1.

    2. History of Archaeology 1. The 19th century roots of archaeology and the establishmentof high human antiquity.

    Reading: Fagan, 2010, Chapter 1.

    Week 2

    1 History of Archaeology 2.Difusionism, evolution and the construction of an archaeological concept of culture.

    Reading: Sackett, 2000. Human antiquity and the Old Stone Age: The NineteenthCentury background to paleoanthropology.Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News,

    and Reviews 9(1):37-49.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:13.0.CO;2-1See also Biography of Thomas Huxley both available on Cecil

    2 Earliest Ancestors. The basal Palaeolithic of Africa. East African or South Africanorigins? Recent theories..

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 2. Also Wong K.2012 First of Our Kind Scientific

    American article on Cecil

    http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/sci

    entificamericanhuman1112-12.pdf

    Week 31 The Early Archaics. Adaptive radiation from Africa before 1 mya, the grandmother

    hypothesis, andHomo erectus and the Acheulian. New theories from South Africa.Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 3.

    2. The Later Archaic Homo sapiens. Neanderthals in Europe and Asia, and the concept ofmultiple culture bearing and tool using hominids. Are we related to Neanderthals?

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 3;.

    See New YorkerArticle E. Kolbert 2011Sleeping With the Enemy available on Cecil

    http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolbert

    Week 4

    1. The Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans. Adaptive radiation out of Africa toEurasia and the development of modern cognition. What was the role of climate?

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 4. See also Marean, C. 2012 When the Sea SavedHumanity Scientific American (November 2012), 22, 52-59

    http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/

    scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdf

    2. Entries into Australia and Near Oceania. An example of anatomically modernhumans expanding into new environments, arguments about the chronology of entry.

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 6; OConnell & Allen 1998 (Cecil

    Week 5

    1. No Class April 2nd2. April 4th IN CLASS TEST 1 hour. Note that attendance to this test is obligatory. A

    medical certificate is needed if you are sick

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolberthttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolberthttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolberthttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1
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    Week 6

    1. The Colonization of the New World.Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 5 See also news article H. Pringle, The First Americans

    Scientific American (November 2012), 22, 68-75. on CECIL

    2. Other Complex Hunter-Gatherers. Mesolithic and Epipalaeolithic, Natufian. in the

    Near EastReading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 7.

    Week 7

    1. The Beginning of Domestication. Theories for the Origins of Agriculture andPastoralism. Why did we start producing food?.

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 8. See also Balter, M. 2007 Seeking Agricultures

    Ancient Roots Science 316: 1830-1835.http://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.short

    2. Origins of Agriculture in the Near East Did the Near East provide specialopportunities?

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 9. See also Balter, M. 2010 The Tangled Roots ofAgriculture. Science 327(5964):404-406.

    http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.short

    MID SEMESTER BREAK 22nd April to 27th April

    ESSAYS DUE Friday May 3rd BY 4 PM in box in Reception Area of Arts 1.

    Week 8

    1. Origins of Agriculture in the New World What similarities and differences do we see

    with the record from the Near East?Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 13.

    See also Piperno, D. R., A. J. Ranere, I. Holst, J. Iriarte and R. Dickau 2009 Starch grain

    and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River

    Valley, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(13):5019-5024.

    http://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstract

    2. The Roots of Social Complexity . What are the consequences of settled village life?Reading:. Price, T. D. and O. Bar-Yosef 2010 Traces of Inequality at the Origins of

    Agriculture in the Ancient Near East. In Pathways to Power, edited by T. D. Price and G.

    Feinman, pp. 147-168. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. Springer New York.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6

    Week 9

    1. Chiefdoms. Megaliths and Mound Building Cultures . Stonehenge and the study ofChiefdoms. Do we see similar developments in political organisation around the world?

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 13

    2. . Development of Complexity in The Americas: Mound and Temple Builders. Is foodproduction or intensification required for the development of social complexity?

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 14.

    Week 10

    http://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shorthttp://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstracthttp://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstracthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6http://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstracthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.short
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    1. The Development of Civilisation. Theories for the origins of social complexity.

    Why do we see similarities in developments in different parts of the world?2 Complex Societies of the Near East The roots of the Western tradition.

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 15

    Week 111. Complex Societies of the New World: Study of American complex societies.

    Mesoamerica. Is it different from what we have seen in elsewhere?

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 21, 22.

    2. Complex Societies of Asia: Development of the Chinese tradition.

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 18

    Liu, L. 2009 State Emergence in Early China. Annual Review of Anthropology

    38:217-232.http://www.annualreviews.org./doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513

    Week 121. Entry into Remote Oceania:. Why did people settle the Remote Pacific beyond the

    Solomon Islands? Reading:. Sheppard, P. J.2011Lapita Colonization across theNear/Remote Oceania Boundary. Current Anthropology 52(6):799-840.

    http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201

    2. The last Frontier: Settlement of East Polynesia. Origins and development of socio-cultural diversity in East Polynesia

    Reading: Fagan 2010, Chapter 12.

    Higham, T. et al. -1999 Dating the first New Zealanders: the chronology of Wairau Bar.

    Antiquity Vol 73:280,9 pp 420-427

    .http://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdf

    Additional Reading may be assigned via Cecil

    Balter, M. 2007 Seeking Agricultures Ancient Roots Science 316(5833): 1830-1835.

    http://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.short

    Balter, M. 2010 The Tangled Roots of Agriculture. Science 327(5964):404-406.

    http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shortHigham, T. et al. -1999 Dating the first New Zealanders: the chronology of Wairau Bar.

    Antiquity Vol 73:280,9 pp 420

    http://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdf

    James, S., 2000. Human antiquity and the Old Stone Age: The Nineteenth Century

    background to paleoanthropology.Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, andReviews 9(1):37-49.

    Kolbert, E. 2011 Sleeping With the EnemyNew Yorker. August 15 pp. 64-75.

    http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolbert

    Liu, L.2009 State Emergence in Early China. Annual Review of Anthropology 38:217-

    232.http://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-

    anthro-091908-164513

    Marean, C. 2012 When the Sea Saved Humanity Scientific American (November 2012),

    22, 52-59 Published online: 7 December 2012 |

    doi:10.1038/scientificamericanhuman1112-52

    http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pd

    f/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdf

    http://www.annualreviews.org./doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.annualreviews.org./doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.annualreviews.org./doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shorthttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolberthttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolberthttp://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-52.pdfhttp://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/08/15/110815fa_fact_kolberthttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5964/404.shorthttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5833/1830.shorthttp://www.antiquity.ac.uk.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/Ant/073/0420/Ant0730420.pdfhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://www.annualreviews.org./doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164513
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    McBryde, I. 1984 Kulin greenstone quarries: the social contexts of production and

    distribution for the Mt. William site. World Archaeology 16:267-285.

    OConnell, J. and J. Allen 1998 When did humans first arrive in Greater Australia and why is

    it important to know? Evolutionary Anthropology 6:132-146.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:43.0.CO;2-F

    Piperno, D. R., A. J. Ranere, I. Holst, J. Iriarte and R. Dickau. 2009Starch grain and phytolithevidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River Valley,

    Mexico.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(13):5019-5024.

    http://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstract

    Price, T. D. and O. Bar-Yosef 2010 Traces of Inequality at the Origins of

    Agriculture in the Ancient Near East. In Pathways to Power, edited by T. D. Price and

    G. Feinman, pp. 147-168. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. Springer New York.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6

    H. Pringle, The First Americans Scientific American (November 2012), 22, 68-75.

    http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n5/pdf/scient

    ificamerican1111-36.pdf

    Sackett, 2000. Human antiquity and the Old Stone Age: The Nineteenth Century backgroundto paleoanthropology. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews

    9(1):37-49 .http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:13.0.CO;2-1

    Sheppard, P. J.2011Lapita Colonization across the Near/Remote Oceania Boundary. Current

    Anthropology 52(6):799-840.http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201

    Wong K.2012 First of Our Kind. Scientific American (April 2012), 306, 30-39

    Published online: 20 March 2012 | doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0412-30

    http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pd

    f/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdf

    Archaeology Field School 2010

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:4%3c132::AID-EVAN3%3e3.0.CO;2-Fhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:4%3c132::AID-EVAN3%3e3.0.CO;2-Fhttp://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstracthttp://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstracthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n5/pdf/scientificamerican1111-36.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n5/pdf/scientificamerican1111-36.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n5/pdf/scientificamerican1111-36.pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v22/n1s/pdf/scientificamericanhuman1112-12.pdfhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/662201http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(2000)9:1%3c37::AID-EVAN4%3e3.0.CO;2-1http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n5/pdf/scientificamerican1111-36.pdfhttp://www.nature.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/scientificamerican/journal/v305/n5/pdf/scientificamerican1111-36.pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6300-0_6http://www.pnas.org/content/106/13/5019.abstracthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:4%3c132::AID-EVAN3%3e3.0.CO;2-F
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