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Ant Management
Research Priorities
Mark A. Robertson PhD
Ultimate Goals
Goals
• Development and adoption of systems that reduce risks – Promote adoption of best management practices
and IPM– Promote development of new, economical solutions
that do not trade one environmental problem for another
Tools to Promote Adoption• Education promotes adoption of reduced risk
practices when the practices are:– effective– economically advantageous– easy to perform
• If not, then other actions may be possible– Financial and social incentives
• Direct financial assistance• Market incentives such as third party certification• Social approval, prestige
– Regulation
DPR FunctionsA. Registration of pesticide products and label language
B. Environmental Monitoring of potential pesticide contamination both point source and non point source
C. Enforcement of pesticide regulations
D. Licensing and Continuing Education of applicators
E. Worker Health and Safety monitoring and mitigation
F. Medical Toxicology assessment of risks to human health
G. Pest Management Analysis and Planning to promote pesticide alternatives and reduced risk practices through grants, contracts, training and outreach
Ant Mangement Pesticides
• About 2200 products are registered for use on ants in California.
• About 100 active ingredients• AIs that may cause water contamination are of
greatest concern:– Organophosphates– Carbamates – Pyrethroids– Fipronil
Urban Use of Pesticides• Pesticides of concern for urban surface
water quality– bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin,
deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, tralomethrin
– malathion, fipronil, carbaryl– (Formerly: diazinon, chlorpyrifos)
• Focus is on pyrethroids, but malathion & fipronil use are also increasing
Urban Use Estimation
Urban Use = Reported + Homeowner Urban Use* Use**
* Reported Urban Use is an under estimate: includes Structural, Landscape Maintenance, Rights-of-way, Public Health, Vertebrate Control, Uncultivated Non-Ag sites, Food Processing Plants, etc., but not including some typical Agricultural uses, (i.e., Nurseries, Greenhouses, Sod/turf etc.)
**Homeowner-use pesticides do not require reporting
Homeowner Use Estimation
Estimated
Homeowner = Sales – Reported Use
Use
Example:
Estimated Homeowner (OTC) sales of bifenthrin 2004/05 = 13,000 lb ai
Scotts Miracle Grow actual OTC sales of bifenthrin 2004/05 = 11,000 lb ai
• 80% of Pyrethroid use was by professional applicators
Estimated Homeowner Use 4%
Agricultural 16%
Urban 80%
Pyrethroids Used 2004-2005
*California estimated pounds of permethrin equivalent
Bifenthrin in 2004-2005• 61% of Bifenthrin use was by professional
applicators
*Bifenthrin is about 15% of all California urban pyrethroid use
Reported Urban 61%
Agricultural 24%
Homeowner Use 15%
• 72% of Bifenthrin use was for structural pest control (mostly exterior)
Bifenthrin Urban Use 2004-2005
Reportedstructural 72%
Reported landscape maintenance 4%
Other homeowner use 12%
Homeowner lawns 8 %
Other urban reported 4%
Pyrethroids in California Waters and Sediments
• Organisms living in sediments are most at risk, eg. Hyalella azteca (amphipod)
• Toxicity is found in both urban and agriculture environments
• Largest pyrethroid contributors: bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin
Research Priorities
• Pesticide application technology • Mitigation of surface water contamination• Non-Chemical pest management• Contained bait technologies• Reduced-risk pesticides and pesticide
formulations• Data collection and management• Economics of alternative management
practices
Summary• Do not replace one environmental problem with
another• Surface water contamination is a great concern,• Mitigation through adoption of reduced risk
management practices and products• Research Priorities
– Identification and validation of new technologies including new formulations and delivery systems
– Monitoring– Mitigation practices– Economic evaluation of alternative practices
Thank you !