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Develop Your Knowledge of the Basketball Rules
Answer
the
questions
and
improve
your
knowledge
of
Basketball
The answers are on the page after the questions to help you
Assignment Task 1.
Basketball Rules
1 Why are there rules In basketball? (ensures safety and fair competition otherwise it would be
chaos)
2 How is a game of basketball started/ restarted?
2a Started
2b Restarted
RULES
3 How many players can you have on the pitch at any time?
Why it is important to have rules in sports?
If there were no rules in sports, then there really wouldn't be anything. Rules bring order and fairness, without
rules there would be chaos, and it wouldn't be a real game; just a bunch of people doing there own thing with
no goal or point. The game would actually be boring without rules. Rules are very important for anything
because they make things more interesting and managed. If there were no rules in sports, then they would
become boring because nobody would understand that what is going on or what not.
Rules are what actually define what the game is!!
If no rules existed at all, one could use boxing gloves another might use cricket balls,and another player might
just run around beating people up. It is the rules that actually tell us what the sport is: including what
equipment is used and what the boundaries are. Without it there would be no sports
Sports have rules so everyone can play fair and there can be a winner and a loser, each of which conditions
teach valuable life lessons for all. Without rules, the games would have no structure. One team could decide a
touchdown is worth 10 points, while another could decide forward passes are illegal.
Basically, sports having rules to know what is right & what is wrong.
Without rules it is just impossible to play sport: if sport is the body then rules are the soul - without soul it is
difficult to survive
STARTING THE GAME
Each game begins with a jump ball or tip-off.
The referee throws the ball into the air in the centre circle and two opposing players leap up and try to tap it
away.
Each player is allowed two taps before the ball hits the ground, a basket, a backboard or another player.
Beginning and end of a period or the game
The first period begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the toss for the jump ball.
All other periods begin when the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.
The game cannot begin if one of the teams is not on the playing court with 5 players ready to play.
Team numbers
In a formal game, a team at any level, NBA, College or even High School could only have 12 players in the
game rosters. meaning at any team they can only use a maximum of 12 man rotation in a game. Five players
will be on the field, while the other seven will sit on the bench. In the NBA a team is allowed to have a 15 man
roster, however before the game they would have to announce to the officials who their 12 man rotation are.
While the last three will be put on Inactive Rosters. Even if 8 out of 12 players in the 12 man rosters
announced before the game is injured and unable to play, the 3 inactive players still can't be transfer into the
12 man rosters not until the next game.
Number of Substitutes – Is unlimited. Players are swapped on and off.
4 What are the different basketball positions?
4a Point Guard.
4b Shooting Guard
4c Small Forward
4d Power Forward
4e Centre
5 Draw a diagram to show the different basketball Positions.
Basketball Position and Roles
Explained
A basketball team consists of five players on the
floor at all times. They are: point guard, shooting
guard, small forward, power forward, center
Point Guard
The point guard is the floor leader on offense. He
sets the tone by bringing the ball upcourt, calling
plays, and directing the offense. More than any
other player on the floor, he must understand each
player’s personal strengths and role on the floor.
He needs to be a good ball-distributor and have
the vision to see a player getting open.
Main Characteristics
The point guard must also control the tempo of the game and be able to run the fast break after receiving a quick outlet
pass:
The point guard’s often the quickest player on the floor, and he should be able to dribble-penetrate to the basket.
He and the coach need to communicate clearly, and the point guard should act like the “coach” on the court.
In addition, he needs to handle the various personalities on the team in order to be constructive and positive at all times.
Defensively, the point guard must be able to slow down the opposing team’s ball-handler.
Shooting Guard
As the name suggests, the shooting guard must be a good shooter from short and long range. In addition, the shooting
guard must also be versatile enough to handle some of the point guard’s ball-handling duties, while also filling the lane on
the fast break like a wing player. For this reason, the shooting guard is typically an athletic and talented scorer.
Main Characteristics
A shooting guard should be a competent passer that can distribute the ball to teammates setting up in the low post. He
must also be able to receive a pass from a teammate and find an open shot with a quick release. The best shooting
guards can fire from long range, forcing the defense to spread out.
The shooting guard must also guard the opponent’s best perimeter scorer. He’s usually easier to substitute for than the
point guard, which means he often spends more energy on the defensive end guarding a skilled offensive player.
Small Forward
The small forward is usually required to be a jack-of-all-trades, and for that reason he’s often the best athlete on the floor.
The small forward is a perimeter player who can play down low when necessary. In addition, he’s a ball-handler who can
get inside and attack the rim. He must have a strong mid-range offensive game, but the ability to knock down a shot from
three-point range is a huge plus.
Main Characteristics
A quick first step is a small forward’s best friend. If he can quickly get to the basket or fill the lane on the fast break, he
can be a huge asset to his team. At the same time, the small forward must be physical enough to absorb contact when
getting into the lane on dribble-penetration. The small forward must also be a good foul shooter because of the contact he
usually draws from bigger players.
Defensively, the small forward should be able to guard both larger and smaller players. On pick-and-rolls and fast breaks,
the small forward will have to switch to guard someone else’s man.
Power Forward
The big men on the court — centers and power forwards — have more specialized roles. The power forward often makes
his biggest contributions without having the ball in his hands. He sets screens, boxes out, and plays solid defense. He
must be an intimidator in the paint and keep offensive penetrators away from the basket.
Main Characteristics
Five guys on the court working together can achieve more than five talented individuals who come and go as individuals.
The power forward must be able to establish position on the low block, and have the offensive moves and quick footwork
to put the ball in the basket. In addition, he should be a good enough passer to find the open man or a cutter, especially
when his path to the basket is blocked.
The power forward’s most important responsibility, however, is cleaning up the glass and creating extra possessions on
offense. He has to be able to move other men with his body and jump high for the rebound.
Center
The center is usually the tallest man on the floor and the player closest to the basket. For these reasons, he’s frequently
the most important man on the floor. Generally, centers are the focal point of the offense and can facilitate every other
player’s offensive game with solid screens and crisp passing.
A center who can block shots and intimidate players flashing into the paint can change the entire game.
He must be able to guard the opposing center and provide help when other offensive players attack the basket.
6 What is travelling and how will the official sanction it?
Travelling
7 What do the following mean:- double dribble, carrying, held ball, goal tending, backcourt violations
and how will the official sanction them.
7a Double dribble
7b Carrying
7c Held ball
7d Goaltending
7e Back court violation
8 Explain all the different timing rules 3,5,8 and 24 second rules
8a 3 Seconds
8b 5 Seconds
8c 8 Seconds
8d 24 Seconds
Basketball Violations
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your
pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and
then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes, even
under the ball.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time. In
order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team
or the other on a rotating basis.
Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while
it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the
rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is
awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back
across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds.
All the violations above are penalized by awarding the ball to the opposing team out of bounds closest to
where the travel occurred.
24-SECOND RULE
There are a number of time restrictions that dictate how long a team or player
has to make a particular move.
After a team gains possession of the ball, they have 24 seconds - timed by a
"shot clock" - to shoot.
Possession is handed to the other team if they fail to do so.
EIGHT-SECOND RULE
After the attacking team gains possession of the ball in their own half, they have eight seconds to move the
ball into the opposition's half.
Otherwise they lose possession.
FIVE-SECOND RULE
Throw-ins from the sidelines or free throws must be taken within five seconds of the re-start.
When closely guarded you have 5 seconds to pass, shoot or dribble.
THREE-SECOND RULE
A player can only be in the opposition's restricted area - or the "key" - for three seconds.
A violation will be called if the player does not leave in time.
9 Explain throw ins and Jump ball
9a Throw Ins
9b Jump Ball
10 Explaining all the personal fouls that happen during the game and how the official will sanction them:
HOLDING, ILLEGAL GUARDING, BLOCKING, PUSHING, ILLEGAL SCREENING, HAND CHECKING, CHARGING and
ILLEGAL USE OF HANDS.
10a Holding
10b Illegal Guarding
10c Blocking
10d Pushing
10e Illegal Screening
10f Hand Charging
10g Charging
10h Illegal Use Of Hands
Throw-in
A throw-in occurs when one team knock the ball out or were the last team to touch the ball before it went out.
The throw in is when the ball is passed into the playing court by the out-of bounds player taking the throw-in.
Procedure
An official must hand or place the ball at the disposal of the player taking the throwin.
He may also toss or bounce phrow-iass the ball provided that:
• The official is no more than 4 m from the player taking the throw-in.
• The player taking the throw-in is at the correct place as designated by the official.
The player shall take the throw-in at the place nearest to the infraction or where the game was stopped by the
official, except directly behind the backboard.
Jump Ball / Tip off
To start the game 2 players stand in the middle of the court and the lead official throws the ball up into the air
where the two players jump up to gain possession.
FOULS AND VIOLATIONS
A personal foul results in either player taking free throws or a team surrendering possession. Personal
fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.
HOLDING: When personal contact is made with an opponent which restricts their movement.
ILLEGAL GUARDING: Where a defending player makes contact with an opponent from behind.
BLOCKING: Any sort of contact between two players where an opponent's movements are impeded.
PUSHING: Called when a player moves or attempts to move an opponent with force, even if they do not have
control of the ball.
ILLEGAL SCREENING: An attempt to slow down or stop an opponent who does not have control of the ball.
HAND CHECKING: When a defending player uses their hands on an opponent to slow their progress.
CHARGING: When a player, with or without the ball, pushes or moves into an opponent.
ILLEGAL USE OF HANDS: When contact is made by a player's hand on an opponent when they are
attempting to play the ball.
Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws if his shot
doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.
1. Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.
2. Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.
3. One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.
4. Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player receives two free throws.
11 Explain all the other fouls that happen during the game and how the official will sanction them:
TECHNICAL, DISQUALIFYING, FIFTH FOUL, TEAM FOUL and VIOLATION:
11a Technical
11b Disqualifying
11c Fifth Foul
11d Team Foul
11e Violation
Fouls in basketball not covered by the personal category are as follows:
TECHNICAL: Covers such things as bad language and other unsportsmanlike conduct.
DISQUALIFYING: Called if a player commits a serious foul, such as striking an opponent. They will be
dismissed immediately from the game.
FIFTH FOUL: If a player commits five fouls, either personal or technical, they must leave the game and cannot
return. They can be replaced by a substitute.
TEAM FOUL: Each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes
over the limit, its opponent is awarded a free-throw.
In America's NBA, the limit is five fouls - personal or technical - in any one period, after which the opposing
team get two free throws.
VIOLATION: Covers such things as an illegal dribble or spending more than three seconds in the restricted
area. Possession is handed to the opposition, usually via a throw-in. Here are examples of some violations.
PUT A TITLE Basketball Regulations
1 Who is the national governing body of the sport and what do they do?
1a Basketball England
1b NBA
1c FIBA
2 How many players on court at any one time? and how are substitutions used?
3 Using diagrams explain the pitch dimensions for a professional game. (At least 6 labels)
REGULATIONS
National Governing Bodies
Basketball England is the national governing body of the sport in England. We administer and govern basketball
at all levels for participants of every age and ability while offering specialist guidance on improving standards of
the game, facilitating education and training opportunities and delivering a competitive outlet through leagues
and tournaments such as the National League.
Mission:- ‘To provide an inspirational basketball experience for more people, more often.’
NBA
The National Basketball Association is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in North America, and is
widely considered to be the premier men's professional basketball league in the world.
Commissioner: Adam Silver. Number of teams: 30
Founded: June 6, 1946, New York City, New York, United States. Headquarters: New York City, New York, United States
FIBA
The 'Fédération Internationale de Basketball' (FIBA) is the world governing body for the sport of basketball. It was
established in 1932 and is responsible for the standardisation of international rules. A total of 214 federations are now
members of FIBA..
The rules of basketball allow an unlimited number of substitutions by players during the course of the game. Substitutions
are often used by coaches to provide ideal matchups against the other team, to give players rest when they are tired or to
get players out of the game who are in foul trouble. Understanding the rules of basketball regarding substitution can help
coaches avoid penalties.
Notifying Scorer's Table
Players must notify the scorer’s table when they wish to substitute for another player. The player must give the official
scorekeeper his jersey number and wait at the scorer’s table before entering the game. The scoreboard operator is
responsible for blowing the horn in order to notify the officials that a player wishes to substitute into the game. Substitutes
may not enter the game until beckoned onto the floor by the officials.
Legal Substitution
Substitutes may only enter the game when the ball is dead and the clock is stopped, except during the last minute of play
in college, and when the clock stops after a made basket in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Entering the game
at any other time when not beckoned by the officials constitutes a technical foul. In high school, this is penalized by
awarding two free throws and possession of the ball to the opposing team. In college, the opposing team simply receives
two free throws, and the ball is put back in play to the team who had it last before the technical foul was called. The NBA
uses the same rule as college, but only awards one free throw to the opposing team.
Basket
Key
Side Line
End Line
Center
Circle
Equipment
4 Using diagrams explain the ball used to play basketball
5 Using pictures explain what a player wears when playing and what he has to wear when playing.
Equipment
A basketball is a spherical inflated ball used in a game of basketball. Basketballs typically range in size from
very small promotional items only a few inches in diameter to extra-large balls nearly a foot in diameter used in
training exercises to increase the skill of players. The standard size of a basketball in the NBA is 29.5 to
29.875 inches (74.93 to 75.88 cm) in circumference.
Nearly all basketballs have an inflatable inner rubber bladder, generally wrapped in layers of fiber and then
covered with a tacky surface made either from leather (traditional), rubber, or a synthetic composite. As in
most inflatable balls, there is a small opening that allows the pressure to be increased or decreased.
The surface of the ball is nearly always divided by "ribs" that are recessed below the surface of the ball in a
variety of configurations and are generally a contrasting color. A brown surface with black ribs and a possible
logo is the traditional color scheme of basketballs but they are sold in various colors.
Uniforms
The uniform of the team members shall consist of:
Shirts of the same dominant colour front and back.
All players must tuck their shirts into their playing shorts. 'All-in-ones' are permitted.
Shorts of the same dominant colour front and back, but not necessarily of the same colour as the shirts. The
shorts must end above the knee.
Socks of the same dominant colour for all players of the team.
Each team member shall wear a shirt numbered on the front and back with plain numbers, of a solid colour
contrasting with the colour of the shirt.
Equipment
6 Using diagrams explain the basket and the net
7 Explain what each of the following mean:-playing time, tied score and extra periods
7aPlaying Time
7b Tied Score
7c Extra Periods
8 Explain what Time-out’s are
Basketball Backboard, Net & Basket
Playing time, tied score and extra periods
The game shall consist of 4 periods of 10 minutes each.
There shall be an interval of play of 20 minutes before the game is scheduled to begin.
There shall be intervals of play of 2 minutes between the first and second period
(first half), between the third and fourth period (second half) and before each extra period.
There shall be a half-time interval of play of 15 minutes.
In basketball, if the score is tied at the end of regulation play, the teams play multiple five-minute overtime
periods. In levels below collegiate/Olympic play, an overtime period is half the length of a standard quarter,
i.e., four minutes for high school varsity
If the game is still tied at the end of the first overtime period, another overtime period begins. This process is
repeated until one team is declared the winner.
Time-out
Timeouts in basketball are provided under the rules, in order to give players a chance to rest, give coaches the
ability to talk things over with their team, and provide players and coaches a way to stop the clock in late-game
situations. The rules of basketball govern when timeouts can be used, and who is allowed to call them.
Number and Length
The number and length of timeouts varies widely among various basketball leagues. For example, high school
rules allow for five timeouts for each team during the course of the game. Three of those timeouts are 60
seconds in length, while two are 30 seconds. In college basketball, televised games feature four timeouts per
half, to allow for commercial breaks. Each team also receives one 60-second timeout, and four 30-second
timeouts, according to the National Collegiate Athletic Association. In the National Basketball Association,
teams receive six 60-second timeouts, and two 20-second timeouts per game, but may only use three total
timeouts in the last quarter of play.
9 Where can basketball be played? (Playing space/surface)
10 What are the backcourt, frontcourt and lines on a basketball for?
10a Backcourt
10b Frontcourt
10c Lines
11 EXTENSION - Use the internet to find at least 2 other rules.
Playing Court
The playing court shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions with dimensions of 28 m in length by
15m in width measured from the inner edge of the boundary line.
2.2. Backcourt
A team's backcourt consists of its team's own basket, the inbounds part of the backboard and that part of the
playing court limited by the endline behind their own basket, the sidelines and the centre line.
2.3. Frontcourt
A team's frontcourt consists of the opponents' basket, the inbounds part of the backboard and that part of the
playing court limited by the endline behind the opponents' basket, the sidelines and the inner edge of the
centre line nearest to the
opponents' basket.
2.4. Lines
All lines shall be drawn in white colour, 5 cm in width and clearly visible.
What websites can I find that
help me understand the
rules of Basketball
www.
www.
www.
www.
1 How do you score points?
2 How do you win a game?
3 How do you score a basket?
4 Explain how you can score: 1 point, 2 points & 3 points
4a - 1 Point
4b - 2 Point
Scoring Systems
4c - 3 Point
5 EXTENSION – Can you explain why a player who is outside the 3 point arc when shooting only
gets 2 points?
Scoring
A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and remains within or
Passes through the basket.
The ball is considered to be within the basket when the slightest part of the ball is within and below the level of
the ring.
Basketball is a head-to-head competition between two teams. The winner of a basketball game is the team
that had scored more points than their opponent by the end of the time limit of the game.
The ultimate objective of basketball, like most team sports, is to outscore your opponent. In basketball, players
score points by throwing the ball through the basket, an act known as shooting. Different points are awarded to
players based on where they are when they shoot the ball.
After a basket has been scored- play will restart from a pass from back court from the opposite team.
Outside the three-point arc
Outside the three-point arc
Shots scored from outside of the three-point line - the D-shaped arc surrounding each team's basket - earn
three points.
The shooter must have both feet on the floor outside the three-point line prior to the attempt.
Three-point shooting is highly prized by teams and spectators alike, especially if the winning basket is hit from
distance on the buzzer.
Inside the three-point arc
Shots which find the basket from inside of the three-point line are worth two points.
An unsuccessful free throw attempt which is tapped into the basket also counts as two points.
Free throws
A free throw is an unchallenged shot at the basket from the free-throw line, taken while the clock is stopped.
They are worth one point.
They are awarded after a technical foul a personal foul on a player in the act of shooting or a personal foul
after the team committing the foul has exceeded four fouls in that quarter. The number awarded (1-3) depends
on the offence.
If a player scores despite being fouled, he also gets free throws.
Scoring A Basket
6 How much time is needed on the clock for a basket to count?
7 What happens if a team scores in their own basket?
8 What are the different ways you can score a basket?
9 EXTENSION – Can you think of any other scoring rules. Use the internet to help?
The Shot Clock
The game clock must indicate 0:00.3 (3 tenths of a second) or more for a player to gain control of the ball on a
throw-in or on a rebound after the last or only free throw in order to attempt a shot for a field goal. If the game
clock indicates 0:00.2 or 0:00.1 the only type of a valid field goal made is by tapping or directly dunking the
ball.
Scoring in your own basket
If a player accidentally scores a field goal in his team’s basket, the goal counts 2 points and shall be recorded
as having been scored by the captain of the opposing team on the playing court.
If a player deliberately scores a field goal in his team’s basket, it is a violation and the goal does not count.
If a player causes the entire ball to pass through the basket from below, it is a violation.
Different Ways To Score A Basket
Outside the three-point arc for 3 points and Inside the three-point arc for 2 points
To score from Outside the three-point or Inside the three-point arc you usually use one of the
following techniques.
1. Set Shot
2. Jump Shot
3. Lay Up
4. Hook Shot
Assignment Task 2
To achieve the criteria you must show that you are able to: Unit
Criterion
reference
Describe the roles and responsibilities of officials from two selected sports. 2 2A.P3
For each of two selected sports, explain the role and responsibilities of officials and
the application of rules, regulations and scoring systems. 2 2A.M1
ADD A TITLE Roles of the Basketball officials
Who are the officials in the sport/activity? (lead official and trail official) 1.
Summarise what each of the officials do in a game? 2.
1 Role of the Lead official
2 Role of the Trail official
Roles of the Basketball officials
The game of basketball is not officiated only by referees, there is a whole group of officials to manage a game
and to keep things on track. The group includes referee, umpires, scorer, timekeeper and shot clock operator.
Though each official has his own responsibilities but their collective motive is to run a game smoothly, to
ensure the enforcement of rules and to maintain the order of the game. Below is an overview of the
responsibilities of each official.
Lead officials
Lead officials (also known as crew chief in NBA) is the in charge of the game. Normally, all two or three
referees are independent in terms of making their decisions but in case of a dispute, it’s the lead referee
whose verdict is considered final.
THE ROLE OF THE LEAD OFFICIAL
1. Get down the court as quickly as possible and allow the play to come to you.
2. You are responsible for the endline and sideline to your left.
3. Be ready to assist your partner with 3 point attempts, particularly when taken in area 4. Always
establish eye contact with your partner.
4. Pay particular attention to post play. Any rough play is your responsibility. Recognise when a player is
illegally prevented from moving into a new position.
5. Try to be 2 metres back from the endline to get the best possible angle. A wider angle means better
vision. Penetrate to the basket when the ball is dribbled fromrectangle 4 to 5to 6. See the start and end
of the drive.
6. Avoid penalising incidental contact that does not affect the play." Go where you need to go in order to
see what you need to see"
Trail officials
THE ROLE OF THE TRAIL OFFICIAL
1. Keep slightly behind the play as it moves up the court and keep the ball on your right. If the ball is
brought up the court to your far right and dribbler is closely guarded you must go as far as necessary to
see the play properly. Return to the normal trail position when the situation allows.
2. You are responsible for the sideline to your left the centre line and the 24 second device. Note the 24
second device whenever the ball goes out of bounds.
3. Inform the offensive team when thet have fewer than 8 seconds to move the ball to the front-court from
a throw-in in their back court.
4. You are primarily responsible for the flight of the ball in all shooting situations.
5. When the ball penetrates to the endline or the basket, you must also penetrate (but not below the free
throw line) to enable you to have good angles to see any rebounding contest.
6. In transition from trail official to lead official, do not turn your head away from the play keep your eyes
focussed on the play and the players at all times by looking over your shoulder.
7. When you are responsible for on ball coverage look for spaces between the players, "Go where you
need to go in order to see what you need to see"
3 Role of the Scorers
4 Role of the Timers
The officials shall be a referee and 1 or 2 umpire(s). They shall be assisted by the table officials and
timers.
Scorers
Scorer play supportive role in the game of the basketball. There can be one or two scorers in a game
depending on the rules of the league and their job is to write down the stats relevant to the game. They keep a
running summary of points scored, notify field goals and free throws made and missed. They also record the
fouls called on each player and informs a referee if sixth fouls is called against a player (to eject him from
game). Also notes the timeouts and let the referee knows if all timeouts have been used up by a team.
Timers
Timer assists referee in recording time. Generally, two timers are appointed by the league. One is official timer
who operates the game clock and the other is shot clock operator who operates 24 second clock. Official timer
alerts referee when each half is going to start and stops the clock when any kind of interruption occurs during
a game (fouls, out of bounds, timeouts etc) while shot clock timer informs referee when a player takes 24 or
more seconds to shoot a ball (keeping the ball in possession for 24 seconds or more is a violation).
Responsibilities of basketball officials
5 Using pictures explain what the officials wear and what special equipment they have?
6 What fitness levels do they need?
7 Using pictures explain how they communicate decisions? (voice, whistle, signals, headset).
What The Officials Wear and Need?
The physical fitness of basketball officials is one of the basic necessary requirements for a basketball
game to be correctly and consistently officiated. Game play has continued to increase as the athletes
playing the game have gotten bigger, faster, and stronger. It is vital for officials to be at a fitness level
that can allow them to keep up with the pace of play and to ensure proper positioning to make a
correct call. An official who is under extreme physical stress may in turn show signs of mental stress
and poor decisionmaking. A referee in the proper position can help prevent fouls and other incidents
simply by his or her proximity and presence. A double dribble or traveling violation is spotted much
easier when positioned close to the action. Players will react much better to fouls called by referees
with good positioning, and any retaliation or physical confrontations can be stopped if the official is
able to jump in quickly. However, there are standards set in the profession for fitness.
Officiating Hand Signal
8 What qualifications do they need to officiate?
9 At what age will you not be considered an FIBA active referee?
10 What is the responsibility of the officials before the game?
10a Equipment
10b Game Administration
11 What is the resonsibility of the referee during the game
11a Game Administration
11b Mechanics
Basketball Officials
How to become a FIBA Official Referee?
Each national member federation has the right to choose the candidates for the title of "FIBA Referee" from
amongst its best national referees. A national member federation may have an unlimited number of FIBA
Referees.
In order to obtain the title of FIBA Referee, the candidates must:
- be proposed officially by their member federation;
- participate in a Clinic for FIBA Referee Candidates;
- pass theoretical (basketball rules), and physical fitness and practical (officiating the game) tests;
- pass the English Language test.
Only the official tests and examinations established by the FIBA Technical Commission are valid.
Clinics shall be organised by the FIBA Technical Commission with the assistance of the FIBA Secretariat.
They may be organised also by a Zone Technical Commission. In this event, the programme and the names of
the FIBA Instructors conducting the clinic must be submitted to the FIBA Secretariat for approval.
The referee cannot be older than thirty-five (35) years of age when taking part in a FIBA Clinic for Referee
Candidates and will not be considered FIBA Active Referee after the age of fifty (50).
The referee shall Before The Game
Inspect and approve all equipment to be used during the game.
Designate the official game clock, shot clock, stopwatch and recognise the table officials.
Select a game ball from at least 2 used balls provided by the home team. Should neither of these balls be
suitable as the game ball, he may select the best quality ball available.
Not permit any player to wear objects that may cause injury to other players.
The officials shall have the power to make decisions on infractions of the rules committed either within or
outside the boundary line including the scorer's table,the team benches and the areas immediately behind the
lines.
The officials shall blow their whistles when an infraction of the rules occurs, a period ends or the officials find it
necessary to stop the game. The officials shall not blow their whistles after a successful field goal, a
successful free throw or when the ball becomes live.
Before the ball is even tipped, basketball officials have a number of different duties to make sure everything is
in order for the start of the game. Referees check the different equipment used in the game, including the ball
to make sure it's properly inflated, the playing surface and baskets to make sure there are no hazards to
players during the game. Officials also check the official game books to make sure the rosters are inputted
correctly to help guard against scoring mistakes during the game.
GAME ADMINISTRATION
A referee should have a general understanding of the administrative duties before, during and after the
game.
1. Be aware and able to carry out the administrative duties before a basketball game.
2. Be aware and able to carry out the administrative duties during the running of the game.
3. Be aware and able to carry out the administrative duties after the game.
The Referee During The Game
MECHANICS
A referee should have general understanding of the correct positions and court coverage for two
person mechanics.
1. Have a general understanding of areas of responsibility of the lead and trail official.
2. Know and use the official FIBA basketball signals when required.
3. Carry out specific tasks and procedures in order for the game to be conducted efficiently and correctly.
4. Use of the whistle., recognising a violation and calling violations, use of correct signals to communicate
decisions and re-starting play.
11 What is the role of the referee during the game?- continued
11c Violations
11d Contact
11e Infractions and Penalties
11f Communication & Man Management
12 What is the role of the officials after the game?
The Referee During The Game Continued
VIOLATIONS
A referee should have a good understanding of the rules surrounding all violations and be capable of
penalise the player/team accordingly.
1. Be able to recognise all violations in deciding whether it requires a call.
2. Be able to recognise and make a decision regarding ball-handling violations.
3. Recognise and understand violations relating to out of bounds and the ball returning to the back court.
4. Recognise and understand violations relating to basket interference, jump balls and free throw
situations.
5. Recognise and understand timing violations relating to the 3 second, 5 second, 8 second and 24
second rules.
CONTACT
A referee should have an understanding of contact situations to determine whether a call is necessary.
1. Be capable of identifying what type of contact has occurred and making a decision as to whether this
requires a call.
2. Understand the what constitutes a disqualifying, unsportsmanlike, double foul and the rules
surrounding these fouls.
INFRACTIONS, PENALTIES AND SPECIAL SITUATIONS
A referee should understand the rules and penalties outside of normal play.
1. Be capable of making decisions on situations that can occur but are not specifically covered by the
rules or incidents that occur outside of normal play.
2. Understand and correctly implement the rules associated with a player in the act of shooting and free
throws.
3. Understand the rules concerning correctable errors, status of the ball and team control.
4. Understand and implement appropriately the rules concerning technical fouls.
COMMUNICATION AND MAN MANAGEMENT
A referee should be able to officiate a game of basketball using inter personal skills ensuring the game
is played amicably.
1. Understand the strategies to deal with conflict situations.
2. Understand and anticipate situations when preventative officiating can be used.
3. Communicate confidently to legitimate player/coach requests.
Be capable of verbally expressing what decisions have been made to players, coaches and table officials
After the game:
1. Sends off match report
2. Send off any disciplinary information
3. Debriefs his officials
4. Get feedback from FIBA about there performance
5. Send scores to the league
13 Is technology used to help them when officiating?
14 EXTENSION – Can you think of any other roles or responsibilities? – Use the internet for help
TECHNOLOGY
In NBA basketball, the officials must watch an instant replay of a potential buzzer beater to determine if the
shot was released before time expired. Since 2002, the NBA has mandated installation of LED light strips on
both the backboard and the scorer's table that illuminate when time expires, to assist with any potential review.
Instant replay first came to NBA in the 2002–03 season. In Game 4 of the 2002 Western Conference
Finals, Los Angeles Lakers forward Samaki Walker made a three-point field goal from the half court at the end
of the second quarter. However, the replay showed that Walker's shot was late and that the ball was still in his
hand when the clock expired. The use of instant replay was instituted afterward.[4]
The referee may use technical equipment to determine on a last shot made at the end of each period or extra
period, whether the ball has or has not left the player's hand(s) within the playing time."[7]
Task 3 – (This needs to be completed for 1 sport)
Applying the rules of Basketball into four specific situations
To achieve the criteria you must show that you are able to: Unit
Criterion
reference
Apply the rules of a selected sport in four specific situations. 2 2A.P2
For each of two selected sports, explain the role and responsibilities of officials and
the application of rules, regulations and scoring systems. 2 2A.M1
Applying The Rules & Regulations in Basketball
Match up the rules with the Lead Officials Decision
1. The defending team intercept a
pass but lose control and the ball
goes out of bounds
1. A penalty is awarded to the
defending team for double
dribble. Play is re-started from
the side line via a throw in.
2. When the attacking player
throws the ball in his foot is just
on the side-line
3. 3 points are awarded if the
basket is scored outside the 3
point zone
4. A player dribbles the ball and
stops, catches the ball with both
hands. He then starts dribbling
again.
5. Play is stopped and possession
given to the opposition. The ball
cannot travel back into a teams
defending half once they have
crossed the halfway line
6. An attacking player moves
towards the basket and takes 2
steps with ball in his hands and
shoots.
7. The game is allowed to continue
as a player is allowed to move 2
steps with the ball in their
hands
8. The attacking team move into
their opponents half and then
are pressured back over the
halfway line
9. The attacking team re-gain
possession from the side-line
10. A basket is scored from long a
long distance shot
11. Play is stopped and the other
team are awarded the side-line
throw. A player must be fully
behind the line when the ball is
played.
Applying The Rules & Regulations in Basketball
Match up the rules with the Lead Officials Decision
7.A player scores a lay-up using the
back board and uses their 2 steps to
get close to the basket
12. A foul is awarded. If the foul
restricts an attempt on the
basket then a free-throw is
awarded
8. Personal contact is made with an opponent which restricts their movement
13. A foul is awarded as no contact
is allowed when attempting to
play the ball
9.Contact is made by a player's hand on an opponent when they are attempting to play the ball.
14. 3 points are awarded for the
basket
10.A player commits a combination
of 5 technical and personal fouls
15. This signals holding and a foul is
awarded
11.Referee puts 3 fingers in the air on
both hands
16. 2 points are awarded for a close
range basket
12.The referees right wrist is firmly
gripped by his left hand
17. He is sent off and not allowed to
return
Answers
1-E, 2-F, 3- A, 4-D, 5-C, 6-B
7-K, 8-G, 9-H, 10-L, 11-I, 12-J
