1

mstpyh fUizAk; ,izapyhfpUigAKila vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd;

NguUshy;..!

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpNfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;

(ghfk; - 2)

-: Mq;fpyj;jpy; :-lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf;

-: jkpohf;fk; :-mg+ ,]huh

2

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp rpwpjsT mwpe;Jnfhz;l khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;:

1. Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNdcz;ik?

2. Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy;; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;?.

3. fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd;%yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk;J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah?

4. Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;wgd;ikahd nrhy;iy gad;gLj;Jtjhy; - ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;ifcilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?.

5. ',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;JNjhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

6. ,];yhkpah;fs; “'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy;mUsg;gl;l trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;ifnfhs;tJ). ,t;thW nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;L> gpd;dh;NtW xU trdj;jpd; %yk; nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?.

7. Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; 'myp/g; - yhk; - kPk;" - vdTk; - '`hkPk;" vdTk; - 'ah]Pd;"vdTk; Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?.

8. 'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;.,e;j trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk;>g+kp cUz;ilahdJ vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhfmike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?.

9. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;)vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhfehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd;,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md;kUj;Jt mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?.

10. Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; “'`_Uy;<d;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg;ngUthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;F Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;.?.

11. ,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;.mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gbFw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?.

12. ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak;ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghWg;ghNthk;?.

13. thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy;$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy;gilf;fg;gl;ljhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah?. NkYk; mNj trdj;jpy;g+kpia MW ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fisgilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd

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vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “'ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F" (Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk;mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah?

14. kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; Fh;Md; - kw;nwhU,lj;jpy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;Ltrdq;fSk; Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gijmwptpapy; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

15. ,uz;L fpof;FfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy;xU trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;F - xU Nkw;F khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;Lfpof;FfisAk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

16. Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk;tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xUehs; vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md;jdf;Fj; jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah?

17. Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy;mj;jpahak; f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhztrdq;fs; ,Ug;gJ rhpah?.

18. gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs;,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gbthhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $banrhj;J xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj;njhpatpy;iy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh?.

19. Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd;. kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;WFwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk;Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh? ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?.

20. ,iwtd;> “fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNtmth;fs; tprthrk; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;" vd;fpwhd;. nra;jpfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L - tpRthrk;nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ - kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;yvd;gJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk;mwptpay; cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?.

Nfs;tp vz; 1.Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNdcz;ik?

gjpy;: tpiutpy;.

Nfs;tp vz; 2.

Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy;; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;?

gjpy;:

,];yhj;jpd; %d;whtJ fypgh c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gl;lgy Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfis njhFj;J xNu Fh;Mdhf cUthf;fg; gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwa mUs;kiw

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vd;gJ> Fh;Mid gw;wp cyTfpd;w fl;Lf;fijfspy; xd;W. ve;j mUs;kiw K`k;kJ egp(]y;) mth;fSf;F my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNjh mNj mUs;kiwjhd;> ,];yhkpacyfj;jpduhy; nghpJk; Nghw;wp kjpf;fg;gLk; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjkhf ,d;Wk; ,t;Tyfpy;jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp(]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l xd;W. fl;Lf;fijf;fhd MzpNth; vJvd;W ehk; ,g;NghJ Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

1. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo;njhFf;fg;gl;L> mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fTk; gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwf;F ek;kpilNa vOj;Jtbtpy; ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs;; my;yh`;thy; mz;zy; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fSf;F,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lTld;> mjid mth;fs; kddk; nra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. gpd;dh;,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fs; midtUf;Fk; njhptpj;J> jdJNjhoh;fisAk; kddk; nra;J nfhs;sr; nra;thh;fs;. mj;Jld; my;yh`;thy;,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fis nfhz;L vOjpf;nfhs;sTk;nra;thh;fs;. vOjpf;nfhz;l trdq;fis rhpahdJjhdh vd;W kPz;Lk; gyKiw cWjp nra;Jnfhs;thh;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; (Ummi) vOjTk;> gbf;fTk;njhpahjth;fs;. vdNtjhd; ,iwtdhy; mUs;kiw trdq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJk; - me;jtrdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F njhptpg;ghh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Njhoh;fSk;egpfshy; njhptpf;fg;gl;l ,iwkiw trdq;fis vOjpitj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. jk;Njhoh;fshy; vOjpitf;fg;gl;l trdq;fis kPz;Lk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; - jk;Njhoh;fis thrpf;ff; nrhy;yp Nfl;L rhpahdJjhdh vd;gij cWjpnra;J nfhs;thh;fs;.mt;thW vOjg;gl;ljpy; jtWfs; VNjDk; ,Ue;jhy; mjid cldabahf jpUj;jp vOjr;nrhy;yp - me;j jtWfisAk; jpUj;jpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. mNjNghd;W jk; Njhoh;fshy; kddk;nra;ag;gl;l trdq;fSk; - jk; Njhoh;fshy; vOjg;gl;l trdq;fSk; rhpahdJ jhdh vd;gij- Nkw;gb trdq;fis kddk; nra;j jk;; Njhoh;fis Xjr; nrhy;yp mjidiAk; cWjp nra;Jnfhs;thh;fs;. ,t;thwhf my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fspd; Neubfz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; mUs;kiwFh;Mdhf njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

2. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fSk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; trdq;fSk;> my;yh`;thy;mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F mUsg;gl;lJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F ,Ugj;J ,uz;liu Mz;L fhyq;fspy;mtrpak; Vw;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; rpwpJ> rpwpjhf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. Fh;Mdpa trdq;fs; mJ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l fhy thpirg;gb (Chronological) njhFf;fg;gltpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;mj;jpahaq;fSk; me;j mj;jpahaq;fSf;F cz;lhd trdq;fSk; my;yh`;thy; - thdth;Nfhkhd; - [pg;hpy; (miy) mth;fs; %yk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdq;fis vg;Nghnjy;yhk; egp (]y;) mth;fs;jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F mwtpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mg;Nghnjy;yhk; me;j Fh;Mdpa trdk; ve;jmj;jpahaj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ> me;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; ve;j trdj;jpw;F mLj;Js;s trdk;vd;gijnay;yhk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F mwptpg;ghh;fs;.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; tUlj;jpd; xt;nthU ukyhd; khjj;jpYk;> me;j tUlk; KOtJk;,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fis thdth; Nfhkhd; - [pg;hpy; (miy) mth;fsplk; - trdq;fspd;thpirf;fpukq;fisAk;> rhpahd trdq;fs; jhdh vd;gijAk; cWjpgLj;jpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. egp(]y;) mth;fs; capNuhbUe;j filrp Mz;by; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; KOtJk; rhpahdJjhdhvd;W ,uz;L Kiw rhpghh;f;fg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwfs; %yk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) capNuhbUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa - mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; vOj;J tbtKk;- mUs;kiw Fh;Mid kddk; nra;j Njhoh;fspd; kdg;ghl tbtKk;- egpfshhpd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;L - njhFf;fTk; gl;lJ vd;gjw;FNkw;fz;l tpsf;fq;fs; rhd;whf mike;Js;sd.

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3. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; xU nghJthd tbtpy; gpujpnaLf;fg;gl;lJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; mjd; rhpahdthpirf; fpukg;gb ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; Jz;L Jz;lhdNjhy;fspYk;> jl;ilahd fy; Jz;LfspYk;> kug; gl;ilfspYk;> NghPj;j kuj;jpd; fpisfspYk;>kw;WKs;s kuf; fpisfpYk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd;kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF Ml;rp nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;l Kjy; fyP/gh mg+gf;fh; (uyp) mth;fs;> gynghUl;fspYk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis> xNu,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;gbahf jhs; (Sheets) Nghd;w xU nghJthd nghUspy; - vOJk;gbgzpj;jhh;fs;. mt;thW gy nghUl;fspy; vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fisjhs; Nghd;w nghUspy; vOjp - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhj;jj; njhFg;Gfs; vJTk; - rpjwpg;Ngha;tplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf mjidg; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jhh;fs;.

4. c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; xNu nghUspy; njhFj;J vOjg;gl;bUe;j mUs;kiw Fh;Midgpujp vLf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jk; ehthy; nkhopAk;Nghnjy;yhk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Njhoh;fs; mjid jhkhfNt vOjp itj;Jf;nfhs;thh;fs;. mt;thW Njhoh;fshy; vOjp itf;fg;gl;l trdq;fspy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy;rhpghh;f;fg;glhj trdq;fSk; cz;L. mt;thW egp (]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;glhjtrdq;fspy; jtWfs; ,Uf;f tha;g;Gfs; ,Uf;fyhk;. jtpu mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;nrhd;d mUs;kiw trdq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; - vy;yh egpj;Njhoh;fSk; Neubahf Nfl;bUf;ff;$ba tha;g;Gfs; FiwT. Mjyhy; rpy egpj; Njhoh;fs; - rpy trdq;fis jtw tplf; $bare;jh;g;gq;fs; Vw;g;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;gd Nghd;w tpthjq;fs;> ,];yhkpa murpd; %d;whtJfyP/gh c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jpUe;j ,];yhkpah;fspilNa cUthdJ.

Nkw;gb tpthjq;fSf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itf;f tpUk;gpa c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs;> mz;zy; egp(]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mid> mg;NghJ capNuhbUe;j mz;zy; egp(]y;) mth;fspd; md;G kidtpahh; `/g;]h (uyp) mth;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mid - egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fh;Mdpa trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;lnghnjy;yhk; jk; Njhoh;fSf;F nrhy;Yk; nghOJ - mjid vOjp itj;Jf; nfhz;lNjhoh;fspy; ehd;F Ngiu Njh;T nra;J - Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lth;fspy; i]a;j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp)mth;fspd; jiyikapy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ,d;Dk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gpujpnaLf;fr;nra;jhh;fs;. mt;thW gpujpnaLf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Md; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;,];yhkpa ikaq;fSf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

jtpu mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j egpj;Njhoh;fs; jq;fsplk; rpyh;mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. mt;thW itj;jpUe;j trdq;fspy; rpyKw;wpYk; g+h;j;jpahfj trdq;fSk; - vOj;Jg;gpioAs;s trdq;fSk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,jd;fhuzj;jhy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs;> egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy;njhFf;fg;glhj trdq;fs; vJTk; kf;fsplk; ,Ue;jhy;> mjid mopj;JtpLk;gb kf;fSf;FNtz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy;njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfs; ,uz;L ,g;NghJk; gy ehLfshf rpjWz;L Nghdu\;ahtpd; jiyefh; jh\;fz;by; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk;> JUf;fp ehl;bd; jiyefh;,];jhd;Gy;ypy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk; nghJkf;fspd; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

5. mugp nkhopia rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpf;f Ntz;b mugp nkhop my;yhjth;fSf;fhfgphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; - mugpnkhop my;yhjth;fSk; - mugp nkhopia rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpf;f Ntz;b - gphpj;jwpaf; $baFwpaPLfs; Nrh;f;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FwpaPLfis - /gj;M - jk;kh - f];uh vd;W mugpnkhopapYk;> ]gh; - N]h; - Ng\; vd;W cUJ nkhopapYk; miog;ghh;fs;. mugp nkhop

6

mugpah;fspd; jha;nkhop vd;gjhy; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis rhpahd Kiwapy;cr;rhpj;J XJtjw;F - mugpah;fSf;F Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; Njitapy;iy. Mdhy; mugpnkhopiaj; jha; nkhopahf nfhz;buhjth;fSf;F - Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis rhptu XjNtz;Lnkdpy; Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; mtrpak;. Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; `p[;hp 66-86 tiu (fp;. gp. 685Kjy; 705 tiu) Ml;rp Ghpe;j - cikahj; - fhyj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ fyP/gh - khypf; mh;-u`;khd;vd;gtuhy; my;-`[;[h[; vd;gth; <uhf;fpy; fth;duhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy;,izf;fg;gl;lJ.

jw;NghJ ek;kpilNa ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.Mdhy; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiwapy;,t;thwhd FwpaPLfs; ,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;jhy; Fh;Mdpy; NtWghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;Wrpyh; thjplyhk;. mt;thW thjpLNthh;fs; “Fh;Md;> vd;w thh;j;ijf;F “ XJjy; vd;wnghUs; cz;L vd;gij mwpahjth;fs;. vdNt Fh;Mid mjd; trdq;fspd; cr;rhpg;G khwhky;XJtJjhd; ,q;F Kf;fpaNkj; jtpu> vOj;Jf;fNsh my;yJ gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfNshmy;y. mugp thh;j;ijfspd; cr;rhpg;G rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> mjd; mh;j;jq;fSk;rhpahdjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.

6. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ghJfhg;gjhf my;yh`; thf;FWjpaspf;fpwhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gjpide;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `p[;hpd; xd;gjhtJ trdj;jpy;my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid mtNd ghJfhg;gjhf $Wfpd;whd;:

'epr;rakhf ehk; jhd; (epidt+l;Lk;) ,t;Ntjj;ij (ck;kPJ) ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;.epr;rakhf ehNk mjd; ghJfhtydhfTk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;." (mj;jpahak; 15 ]_uj;Jy;`p[;h; 9tJ trdk;)

Nfs;tp vz;: 03

fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd;%yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk;J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah?

gjpy;:

,];yhk; td;Kiwia J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; vd;Dk; fl;Lf; fijia epiyepWj;j Ntz;b -mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; xUrpy Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l trdq;fis jtWjyhf Ghpe;J nfhz;L -,];yhkpah;fSf;F - ,];yhk; my;yhjth;fis nfhy;yr;nrhy;yp tw;GWj;Jtjhf nrhy;fpwhh;fs;.

1. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk;:

,];yhj;ij tpkhprpg;gth;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd;05tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk;- ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhffhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.'K\;hpf;Ffis (,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fisAk;> ,iw kWg;ghsh;fisAk;)fz;l ,lq;fspy; ntl;Lq;fs;" vd;fpw trdk;jhd; mJ.

2. Nkw;gb trdk; Nghh;r; #oypy; nrhy;yg;gLfpw trdk;:

,];yhj;ij tpkhprpg;gth;fs; - Nkw;gb trdk; ve;j #oypy; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ vd;gij trjpahfkwe;J tpl;L - tpkhprdk; nra;fpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb trdk; vjdhy; - ve;j #o;epiyapy;nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkdpy;> - Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd;Kjyhk; trdj;jpypUe;J gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb trdk; kf;fhtpy; cs;s ,];yhkpah;fSf;Fk;

7

- ,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; gw;wpnjhptpf;fpd;wJ. Nkw;gb xg;ge;jk; kf;fhtpy; cs;s ,iz itg;gth;fshy; kPwg;gl;lJ.vdNt kPwg;gl;l xg;ge;jj;ij rhp nra;a Ntz;b ,iztg;gth;fSf;F ehd;F khj fhyk;mtfhrk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,y;iynadpy; mth;fs; kPJ Nghh; njhLf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk;mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd; 05tJ trdk;fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:

'Nghh; tpyf;fg;gl;l rq;ifkpf;f khjq;fs; (ehd;F khjq;fs;) fope;J tpl;lhy;K\;hpf;Ffis fz;l ,lq;fspy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis gpbAq;fs;. mth;fisKw;WifapLq;fs;. xt;nthU gJq;Fkplj;jpYk; mth;fis Fwpitj;Jcl;fhh;e;jpUq;fs;. Mdhy; mth;fs; (kde;jpUe;jp> jk; ghtq;fspypUe;J) jt;ghnra;J kPz;L> njhOifiaAk; filgpbj;J> (Vio thpahfpa) [fhj;Jk;(Kiwg;gbf;) nfhLj;J tUthh;fshdhy; (mth;fis) mth;fs; topapy; tpl;LtpLq;fs;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpg;NghdhfTk;> fpUigAila tdhfTk;,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 9 ]_uj;Jj; jt;gh - 5tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb trdk; xU Nghh;r; #oypy; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ.

3. mnkhpf;f - tpal;ehk; Nghh; - Xh; cjhuzk;:

mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilNa Nghh; ele;j nra;jp ehk; mditUk; mwpe;j xd;W.mt;thW Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpNah my;yJ mnkhpf;fuhZtj; jsgjpNah> mnkhpf;f tPuh;fsplk; - “vq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs; tpal;ehk;fhuh;fisfhz;fpwPh;fNsh - mth;fis nfhy;Yq;fs;> vd;W cj;jutpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. Nkw;gb Nghh;r; #oiyg; gw;wp Fwpg;gplhky; - jdpNa “'vq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs;tpal;ehk; fhuh;fis fhz;fpwPh;fNsh - mth;fis nfhy;Yq;fs;" vd;W nrhd;djhf nrhd;dhy;- ehk; mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpiaNah my;yJ mnkhpf;f uhZtj; jsgjpiaNah kpfg;nghpanfhiyahsp vd;Wjhd; vz;zj; Njhd;Wk;. khwhf mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; - tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilNaNghh; ele;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp Nkw;fz;lthW nrhd;dhh; vd;WFwpg;gpl;lhy; mJ mwpT g+h;tkhfj; Njhd;Wk;. mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp> mnkhpf;f uhZttPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf mt;thW nrhd;dhh; vd;Wk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

4. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk; ,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhfnrhy;yg;gl;lNj.!mJNghyNt mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; xd;gJ ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd; Ie;jhtJ trdk;,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. Nghh; elf;Fk; nghOJvjphpfis fz;L gae;J tplhjPh;fs;. mth;fis ntl;b tPo;j;Jq;fs; vd;w ,];yhkpa Nghh;tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa%l;LfpwJ - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;.

5. mUz; #hp Ie;jhtJ trdj;jpypUe;J 7tJ trdj;jpw;F jhtp tpLfpwhh;:

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp tpkhprpg;gijNa tof;fkhff; nfhz;lth; ,e;jpahtpd; gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh;mUz; #hp. mth; vOjpAs;s “ '/gj;th cyfk;" (The World of Fatwah) vd;fpw Gj;jfj;jpd;572 tJ gf;fj;jpy; mUs;kiwapd; Nkw;gb trdj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;shh;. Ie;jhtJtrdj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;s mth; cldbahf VohtJ trdj;jpw;F jhtp tpLfpwhh;. ,jd;%yk; gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz; #hp Ie;Jf;Fk; VOf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s 6tJ trdj;ijtpl;Ltpl;lhh; vd;gJ mwpTs;s ve;j kdpjUk; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

6. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jt;ghtpd; 6tJ trdk; Nkw;gbfl;Lf;fij cz;ikay;y vd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ.

8

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jt;ghtpd; MwhtJ trdk; ,];yhk;td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,y;iyvd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ. mUs;kiw trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $WfpwJ.

'(egpNa!) K\;hpf;Ffspy; ahNuDk; ck;kplk; Gfyplk; Njb te;jhy;>my;yh`;Tila trdq;fis mth; nrtpNaw;Fk; tiuapy; mtUf;F mgakspg;gPuhf!.mjd;gpd; mtiu ghJfhg;G fpilf;Fk; NtW ,lj;jpw;F (gj;jpukhf) mDg;GtPuhf.Vndd;why; mth;fs; epr;rakhf mwpahj r%fj;jpduhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;."(mj;jpahak; 9]_uj;Jj; jt;gh 6tJ trdk;)

mUs;kiw Fh;Md;> Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ ,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fs;cq;fsplk; Gfyplk; NjLthh;fs; vdpy;> mth;fSf;F mgakspAq;fs; vd;W nrhy;tNjhL epd;Wtplhky;> mth;fs; xU ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F nrd;wilAk; tiu mtUf;F ghJfhg;gspAq;fs;vd;Wk; typAWj;JfpwJ. ,d;iwa etehfhPf cyfj;jpy; mikjpia tpUk;Gk; xU uhZtj;jsgjpahf ,Ue;jhy; - Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> vjphp uhZt tPuh;fis kd;dpj;Jtpl;Ltplyhk;. Mdhy; ve;j uhZt jsgjp vjphp uhZt tPuh;fis> mth;fs; xU ghJfhg;ghd,lj;ijr; nrd;wilAk;tiu mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;G mspf;fr; nrhy;yp cj;jutpl;bUf;fpwhh;?

,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf;$ba khh;f;fk; ,y;iy. mikjpiaAk; - rkhjhdj;ijAk; tpUk;gf;$ba khh;f;fk; vd;gijNkw;$wpa Fh;Mdpa trdj;jpypUe;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 4

Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;wgd;ikahd nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;ifcilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?.

gjpy;:

,];yhk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifia mbg;gilahf nfhz;l khh;f;fk;. tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpatd;my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ,y;iy vd;fpw nfhs;ifapy; ve;jtpj khWghLk; ,d;wp nray;gl;Ltuf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. my;yh`; xUtNd. mtDf;nfd;W jdpj;jd;ikfs; cz;Lvd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ve;jtpj khw;wKkpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`; jd;idg;gw;wpFwpg;gpLk;nghOJ “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijia gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.mt;thW “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijia gad; gLj;Jtjhy; ,];yhk; gynja;tf; nfhs;ifia cilaJ vd;fpw thjk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahj thjkhFk;.

,uz;L tpjkhd gd;ikfs;

xt;nthU nkhopapYk; ,uz;L tpjkhd gd;ikfs; cs;sd. xd;W -vz;zpf;ifapy; my;yJmstpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nghUs;fs; cz;nldpy; mjid 'gd;ik" vd;gJk;> xU kdpjUf;Fmspf;ff; $ba 'khpahijg; gd;ik" vd;Wk; ,uz;L tifahd gd;ikfs; cs;sd.

1) cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpy nkhopapy; - ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bd; uhzp jd;idg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ “I vd;W Fwpg;gplhky; “We vd;W Fwpg;gpLthh;. ,jw;F “khpahijg; gd;ik(Royal Plural) vd;W ngah;.

2) ,we;J Nghd ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;dhs; gpujkh; uh[Pt; fhe;jp `pe;jpapy; NgRk;nghOnjy;yhk; “'`k; Njf;dh [hj;jh i`" “'ehk; ghh;f;f tpUk;GfpNwhk;" vd;Wciuahw;Wtij tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,q;Fk; “'`Nk" vd;fpw `pe;jp

9

thh;j;ijf;F “'ehk;" vd;W nghUshFk;. “'`Nk" vd;fpw `pe;jp thh;j;ijia - `pe;jpnkhopapy; cs;s khpahijg; gd;ikf;F cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;.

3) mJ NghyNt my;yh`;> jd;idg; gw;wp mUs;kiwapy; Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ “'e`;D" (ehk;my;yJ ehq;fs; vd;w nghUs;) vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jthh;j;ijf;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lJ vd;fpw mh;j;jj;jpy; tUfpd;w gd;ik my;y. khwhfkhpahijg; gd;ikf;F gad;gLj;jf; $ba thh;j;ij.

Vfj;Jtk; my;yJ Xhpiwf; nfhs;if vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil J}z;fspy; xd;W.my;yh`; xUtNd ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mtdJ jd;ikfs; jdpj;jit. jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jitvd;fpw trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; gyKiw nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;FmUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; E}w;Wg; gd;dpnuz;L ]{uj;Jy; ,f;yh]pd; Kjy; trdk;fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'(egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf!. my;yh`; - mtd; xUtNd.!(mj;jpahak; 112 ]_uj;Jy;,f;yh]; - 1tJ trdk;)

Nkw;fz;l mUs;kiwapd; trdj;jpypUe;J ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;iff;F chpakhh;f;fk; vd;gij njspthfj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 05

',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;JNjhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

gjpy;: tpiutpy;

Nfs;tp vz;: 06,];yhkpah;fs; “'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy; mUsg;gl;ltrdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ). ,t;thWnra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;Lg; gpd;dh; NtW xU trdj;jpd; %yk;nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?.

gjpy;:

tpj;jpahrkhd ,uz;L nghUs; nfhs;sy;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 106tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW$Wfpd;wJ:

'VNjDk; xU trdj;ij ehk; khw;wpdhy; my;yJ kwf;fr; nra;jhy; mijtplrpwe;jijNah my;yJ mJ Nghd;wijNah ehk; nfhz;L tUNthk;. epr;rakhfmy;yh`; midj;Jg; nghUl;fspd; kPJk; rf;jpAs;std; vd;gij ePh;mwpatpy;iyah?." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 106tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb trdj;jpw;F mzpNrh;f;Fk; tifapy; mUs;kiwapd; gjpdhwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;e`;ypd; 101 tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'(egpNa!) ehk; xU trdj;ij kw;nwhU trdj;jpd; ,lj;jpy; khw;wpdhy;(ck;kplk;) “ ''epr;rakhf ePh; ,l;Lf;fl;Lgtuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPh;"" vd;W mth;fs;$Wfpwhh;fs;. v(e;j Neuj;jpy; v)ij ,wf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij my;yh`;Nt

10

ed;fwpe;jtd;. vdpDk; mth;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; ,t;Tz;ikia mwpakhl;lhh;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 16 ]_uj;Jd; e`;y; - 101tJ trdk;)

Nkw;fz;l ,uz;L trdq;fspYk; 'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij gad; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.Nkw;gb “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “',iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfs;" vd;Wk; ',iwtrdq;fs;"vd;Wk; “',iw Ntjq;fs;" vd;Wk; mh;j;jk; nfhs;syhk;. mUs;kiwapd; ,uz;lhk; mj;jpahak;]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 106 tJ trdj;jpw;F ehk; ,U tpjq;fspy; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.

a. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F ,iwNtjq;fs; vd;WnghUs; nfhz;lhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkj; jtpu> mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;gpUe;j Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; Ntjq;fs; vd;WnghUs; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. Fh;MDf;F Ke;ija Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h;Nghd;w Ntjq;fs; kwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;Sjy; $lhJ. khwhfmitfSf;Fr; rkkhd my;yJ mitfistplr; rpwe;j Ntjkhd Fh;MidmUspapUf;fpwhd; vd;Wjhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

b. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F ,iw trdq;fs;vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy;> Nkw;gb trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s trdq;fs;vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkj; jtpu> mUs; kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;dhy; mUsg;gl;lNtjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; - Ntjq;fspy; cs;s trdq;fs; vd;W nghUs;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; vJTk; my;yh`;thy;tof;fpypUe;J tpl;nlhopf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhf fUjf; $lhJ. khwhf Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;Frkkhf my;yJ Nkw;gb trdq;fis tplr; rpwe;j trdq;fis mUspapUg;gjhfj;jhd;nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Kd;dh; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fSf;F rkkhf my;yJ mijtplrpwe;j trdk; gpd;dh; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhfj;jhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

K];ypk;fspYk;> K];ypk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fspYk; gyNgh; Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F nghUs;nfhs;Sk; NghJ> xU tp\aj;ijg; gw;wp Gjpa trdq;fs; ,wf;fg;gLk; NghJ me;j tp\ak;rk;ge;jkhf Kd;dhy; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fs; tof;fpypUe;J tpl;nlhopf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vdjtwhd fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ls;sdh;. Ke;ija trdq;fs; ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpw;Fg;nghUe;jhJ vd;Wk;> gioa trdq;fSf;Fr; rkkhf my;yJ> ,d;Dk; rpwg;gpw;Fhpa Gjpatrdq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhy; Ke;ija trdq;fis tof;fpypUe;J tpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk;vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,d;Dk; Ke;ija trdq;fs; - Gjpjhf,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fNshL Kuz;gLfpd;wJ vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.,t;thW ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fis rpytw;iw cjhuzq;fNshL ehk; Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

2. KO Fh;Midg; Nghd;w xd;iwNah my;yJ Fh;Mdpy; gj;J mj;jpahaq;fisNghd;wtw;iwNah my;yJ xNu xU mj;jpahaj;ijg; Nghd;Nwh nfhz;L tUkhW gzpj;jy;.

,];yhj;ij vjph;j;J te;j mugpfspy; xU rpyh; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjky;y.khwhf mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;jdh;.mt;thW Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;j mugpfSf;F rthy; tpLk; tpjkhf> my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;fPof;fz;l trdj;ij ,wf;fpaUspdhd;:

',e;j Fh;Mid Nghd;w xd;iwf; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf kdpjh;fSk;> [pd;fSk;xd;W Nrh;e;J (Kad;W)> mth;fspy; rpyh; rpyUf;F cjtp Ghpgth;fshf,Ue;jhYk;> ,J Nghd;w xd;iw mth;fs; nfhz;L tu KbahJ> vd;W (egpNa!)ePh; $Wk;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 17 ]{uj;Jy; gdP ,];yhaPy; - 88tJ trdk;.)

Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;j mugpfSf;F rthy; tpl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;> fPo;f;fz;ltrdj;jpd; %yk; rthiy ,d;Dk; vspjhf;FfpwJ.

11

'my;yJ “ ,(t; Ntjj;)ij mth; ngha;ahff; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;lhu;! vd;Wmth;fs; $Wfpwhh;fsh? “ (mg;gbahdhy;) ePq;fSk; ,ijg;Nghd;w fw;gidnra;ag;gl;l gj;J mj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;L thUq;fs; - ''ePq;fs; cz;ikahsuhf,Ue;jhy;! my;yh`;itj; jtph;j;J cq;fSf;Fr; rhj;jpakhd vy;NyhiuANk(,jw;Fj; Jiz nra;a) mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W (egpNa!) ePh;$WtPuhf. (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 11 ]{uj;Jy; `{J - 13 tJ trdk;.)

Fw;wk; Rkj;jpa mugpfSf;F> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fPo;f;fz;l trdq;fspd; %yk; jdJ rthiyNkYk; vspjhf;FfpwJ.

',ij (ek; J}juhfpa) mth; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;lhh; vd mth;fs;$Wfpd;whh;fsh? (egpNa!) ePh; $Wk;: “ePq;fs; (cq;fs; $w;wpy;)cz;ikahsh;fshf ,Ue;jhy;> ,jpYs;sijg;Nghy; Xh; mj;jpahaj;ijf; nfhz;LthUq;fs;: my;yh`;itad;wp cq;fshy; rhj;jpakhdth;fis (cq;fSf;F cjtpnra;a) mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;!"" vd;W. (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 10 ]{uj;Jy; A+D];- 38 tJ trdk;.)

',d;Dk;> (K`k;kJ (]y; vd;w) ek; mbahUf;F ehk; mUspAs;s (Ntjj;)jpy;ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilNahuhf ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy;- (me;j re;Njfj;jpy;) cz;ikcilNahuhfTk; ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fs; cjtpahsh;fis(nay;yhk; xd;whf) mioj;J (itj;J)f; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w Xh;mj;jpahaNkDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs;."

'mg;gb ePq;fs; nra;ahtpl;lhy; - mg;gbr; nra;a cq;fshy; jpz;zkhf KbahJ -kdpjh;fisAk;> fw;fisAk; vhpnghUshff; nfhz;l euf neUg;ig mQ;rpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. (me;j neUg;G> ,iwtidAk;> mtd; Ntjj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;Fk;)epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhNt mJ rpj;jg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ."“ (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 02]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; - 23 - 24 tJ trdq;fs;.)

,t;thW my;yh`; ]{g;`hd`{tj;jhyh jdJ rthiy rpwpJ rpwpjhf vspjhf;Ffpwhd;.mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Kjypy; mUs;kiw gw;wp Fw;wk; Rkj;jpa mugpfSf;F - Fh;Midg; Nghd;WNtnwhU Ntjj;ij nfhz;L tUkhW gzpf;fpwJ. gpd;G Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W gj;Jmj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;L tUkhW gzpf;fpwJ. filrpahf Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W xNu xUmj;jpahaj;ijNaDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W gzpf;fpwJ. ,t;thW nfhz;L tUtjw;Ffl;lisapl;ljd; %yk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 23kw;Wk; 24 tJ trdq;fs; mjw;F Kd;Gs;s Kd;W trdq;fshd 17:88> 11:13> 10:38 Mfpatrdq;fNshL Kuz;gltp;y;iy. ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; my;yJ nray;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;WkhWgLk; epiyf;F - (mjhtJ ,uz;L nray;fs; my;yJ fUj;Jfs; xNu Neuj;jpy; nray;glKbahj epiyf;F) Kuz;ghL vd;W nghUs;.

mUs; Kiw Fh;Mdpd; gjpNdohtJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 88 tJ trdk; mjw;F gpd; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lkw;w trdq;fs; %ykhf khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lhYk;> me;j trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;tpd;thh;j;ijahf - mJ nrhy;Yk; nghUSf;F tpsf;fkhf -,d;Wk; epiyngw;Ws;sJ. me;jtrdj;jpd; %yk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tpLj;j rthy; ,d;iwf;Fk; epiyngw;W epw;fpwJ.mJNghyNt mjw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s trdq;fshd 11:13 kw;Wk; 10:38 Nghd;w trdq;fSk;mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;tpd; thh;j;ijfshf mitfs; nrhy;Yk; nghUSf;F tpsf;fkhfepiyngw;W epw;fpd;wd. ve;j trdj;jpd; nghUSk; ve;j trdj;jpd; nghUNshLk; Kuz;glhky;- mitfs; nrhy;yf; $ba nghUSf;F chpa epiyapy; epiyngw;W epw;fpd;wd. filrpapy;nrhy;yg;gl;l trdj;jpd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthyhdJ Ke;ija trdq;fspd; %yk; tplg;gl;lrthiytpl vspjhdJ. ,t;thW filrp trdj;jpd; %yk; tplg;gl;l vspjhd rthNy ,d;Dk;

12

epiwNtw;wg; glhjNghJ> Ke;ija %d;W trdq;fspd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthiy epiwNtw;WtJvd;fpw nraYf;F ,lkpy;iy.

cjhuzj;jpw;F - gbg;gpy; ke;jkhf cs;s xU khztidg; ghh;j;J - mtd; gj;jhtJ tFg;gpy;NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;dh;mNj khztiug; ghh;j;J mth; Ie;jhtJ tFg;gpy; NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;Wnrhy;fpNwd;. gpd;G mNj khztiug; ghh;j;J mth; Kjyhk; tFg;gpy; $lj; NjWtjw;FjFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. ,Wjpapy; mth; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;FjFhpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU khztd; gs;spapy;Nru Ntz;Lnkdpy; Kjypy; ghyh; gs;spapy; Njw Ntz;Lk;. ehd; filrpahf nrhd;dJvd;dntspy; - Nkw;gb ke;jkhd khztd; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;W jFjpahdtd;,y;iy vd;W nrhd;Ndd;. ehd; NkNy nrhd;d ehd;F thf;Ffspy; vJTk; - xd;Wf; nfhd;WKuz;gltpy;iy vd;gij ed;whff; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,Wjpahf ehd; nrhd;dNkw;gb ke;jkhd khztd; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;W jFjpahdtd; ,y;iy vd;fpwthf;F khj;jpuk; Nkw;gb khztdpd; mwpTj; jpwid mwpe;J nfhs;s NghJkhdjhFk;. ghyh;gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;F jFjpapy;yhj khztd; - Kjyhk; tFg;gpYk;> Ie;jhk; tFg;gpYk;>gj;jhk; tFg;gpYk; Njh;T ngWthd; vd;fpw nray;fSf;Nf ,lkpy;yhky; Ngha;tpLfpwJ.

3. NghijA+l;Lk; kJit gbg;gbahf jilnra;jy;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F NkYk; Xh; cjhuzk; Nghija+l;Lk; kJitgbg;gbahf jilnra;jy; rk;ge;jkhd trdq;fs; MFk;. fPo;f;fhZk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 219 tJ trdk; FbNghijia jilnra;tJ gw;wp,wq;fpa Kjy; trdkhFk;.

'(egpNa!) kJ ghdj;ijAk;> #jhl;lj;ijAk; gw;wp mth;fs; ck;kplk; Nfl;fpd;wdh;:ePh; $Wk;: mt;tpuz;bYk; ngUk; ghtk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ: kdpjh;fSf;F (mtw;wpy; rpy)gyd;fSKz;L: Mdhy; mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s ghtk;> mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;sgyidtplg; nghpJ." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 219tJ trdk;)

Nghijia jil nra;tJ gw;wp ,uz;lhtjhf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; dp\htpd; 43tJ trdkhFk;:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs! ePq;fs; XJtJ ,d;dJ vd;W ePq;fs; mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbahjthW ePq;fs; Nghijapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ njhOiff;FneUq;fhjPh;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 43tJ trdk;)

Fb Nghijia jil nra;tJ gw;wp filrpahf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 tJ trdkhFk;:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;NlhNu! kJghdKk;> #jhl;lKk;> fw;rpiyfis topgLjYk;>mk;Gfs; vwpe;J Fwp Nfl;gJk;> i\j;jhdpd; mUtUf;fj; jf;fr;nray;fspYs;sitahFk;: MfNt ,tw;iw ePq;fs; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. -mjdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wpailtPh;fs;. " (mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 90tJ trdk;)

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; egpj;Jtk; ngw;w gpd;G> mth;fs; capNuhLtho;e;jpUe;j fhykhd ,Ugj;J ,uz;liu Mz;L fhyq;fspy; rpwpJ rpwpjhf,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; rKjhaj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahTk;gbg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. rKjhaj;jpy; jpBnud- vjph;ghuhj tpjj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;khw;wq;fs;> fyfk; my;yJ Fog;gk; tpistpf;f fhuzkhf mikayhk;. vdNt rKjhaj;jpy;nfhz;Ltug;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahTk; gbg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ

13

kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jil nra;Ak; trdq;fs; %d;W epiyfspy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.KjyhtJ trdk; kJghd Nghijapy; ngUk; ghtKk;> rpy gad;fSk; cz;L. Mdhy;ghtkhdJ gyidtpl mjpfkhFk; vd;W czh;j;JfpwJ. kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jil nra;tJgw;wp ,uz;lhtjhf ,wq;fpa trdk;> NghijNahL ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; njhOifiaNkw;nfhs;shjPh;fs; vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ. njhOk; fhyq;fspy; - Nghijapy; ,Uj;jy; jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lk; trdk;> njhohj epiyapy; Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhkh -$lhjh vd;gJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplhky; tpl;L tpLfpwJ. Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhkh? ,Uf;ff; $lhjh?vd;gJ gw;wp Fh;Md; Fwpg;gplhky; tpl;L tpLfpwJ. njhohj Neuq;fspy; Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhk;vd;W Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpl;L ,Ue;jhy;> mJ nrhd;d Ke;ija trdj;NjhL fz;bg;ghfKuz;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; my;yh`; rhpahd thh;j;ijfis Njh;e;njLj;J mUs;kiw Fh;Mid,wf;fpaUsp ,Uf;fpwhd;. vdNtjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghLfNs ,y;iy. filrpahfvy;yh Neuq;fspYk; Nghijia jil nra;Ak; trdk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJmj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 trdj;jpd; %yk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l %d;W trdq;fSk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy vd;gij ehk; njspthfmwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W trdq;fSk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gl;lhy;>rkfhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W trdq;fisAk; ehk; gpd;gw;w Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk;. xU K];ypk;mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; midj;J trdq;fisAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUg;gjhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;ltrdq;fspy; filrpahf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdkhd Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;khapjhtpd; 90 tJ trdj;ij gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mNj rkak; mjw;F Kd;dhy;,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l ,uz;L trdq;fisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efUf;F nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. gpd;G ehd;fyp/Nghh;dpahtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. filrpahf ehd; nrhy;fpNwd; ehd;mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb vdJ $w;Wf;fs; vJTk;xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. khwhf vdJ xt;nthU $w;Wk; mjpfkhd tpguq;fisj;jhd;jUfpd;wd. vdJ %d;whtJ $w;W Ke;ija vdJ ,uz;L $w;Wf;fisAk;cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,t;thwhf ehd; filrpahf nrhd;d - ehd; mnkhpf;fh nrd;wjpy;iyvd;w vdJ $w;W vdJ Ke;ija ,uz;L $w;Wf;fshd ehd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efUf;Fnrd;wjpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehd; fyp/Nghh;dpahtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;gijAk;cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

mJNghyNt> vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; NghjiAld; ,Ug;gJ jil nra;ag; gl;ljw;fhd trdk;,wq;fpaTld;> njhOif Neuj;jpy; NghijAld; ,Ug;gJTk; jhdhfNt jil nra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lJ. jtpu NghijAld; ,Ug;gth;fSf;F cz;lhd “'NghijAld; ,Ug;gjpy;ed;ikia tpl jPikNa mjpfk;" - vd;fpw nra;jpAk; ,d;W tiu mopahj cz;ikahf tpsq;fptUfpwJ.

4. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghLfNs ,y;iy.

NkNy Rl;bf; fhl;lg;ll trdq;fspy; “ 'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" ia eilKiw gLj;jtjw;fhdrhj;jpaf; $WfNs ,y;iy. Vnddpy; NkNy Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;l trdq;fs; %d;iwAk; Vffhyj;jpy; xd;whf gpd;gw;wp elf;ff; $ba rhj;jpaf; $WfNs mjpfkhf cs;sJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Ntjk; vd;gjhy; - mjpy; Kuz;ghLfisfhzKbahJ. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf mUs; kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahk;]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 82 tJ trdk; mike;Js;sij fhzyhk;:

'mth;fs; ,e;j Fh;Mid (ftdkhf) rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh?. (,J) my;yh`; my;yhjgpwhplkpUe;J te;jpUe;jhy;> ,jpy; Vuhskhd Kuz;ghLfis mth;fs; fz;bUg;ghh;fs;."(mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 82tJ trdk;)

14

Nfs;tp vz; 7.Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - vdTk; - `hkPk; vdTk; - ah]Pd; vdTk;Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?.

gjpy; :myp/g; - yhk; - kPk;> ah]Pd;> `hkPk; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fSf;F mugpapy; “'my;-Kfj;jjj;"(RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs;) vd;W ngah;. mugp nkhopapy; nkhj;jk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ (myp/g; -kw;Wk; `k;]; vd;fpw vOj;Jf;fis ,uz;lhf fUjpdhy;) vOj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mNjNghymUs; kiw Fh;MdpYk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ mj;jpahaq;fs; Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fisnfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. ,t;thW RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; jdpj;Jk;>rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; ,uz;lhfTk;> rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; %d;W vOj;Jf;fshfTk;> rpymj;jpahaq;fspy; ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J vOj;Jf;fshfTk; Nrh;e;J tUk;.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; %d;W mj;jpahaq;fs; xNu xU vOj;jpid nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

i. mj;jpahak; 38 ]{uj;J]; ]hj; - ]hj; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

ii. mj;jpahak; 50 ]{uj;Jy; /fh/g; - /fh/g; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

iii. mj;jpahak; 68 ]{uj;Jy; fyk; - E}d; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; gj;J mj;jpahaq;fs; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

i. mj;jpahak; 20 ]{uj;Jj; jh`h “jh - `h- vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;LJtq;FfpwJ.

ii. mj;jpahak; 27 ]{uj;Jd; ek;y; “jh - ]Pd;- vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;LJtq;FfpwJ.

iii. mj;jpahak; 36 ]{uj;Jy; ah]Pd; “ah - ]Pd; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;LJtq;FfpwJ.

iv. mj;jpahak; 40 ]{uj;Jy; K/kpd;

v. mj;jpahak; 41 ]{uj;J `hkPk; ][;jh

vi. mj;jpahak; 42 ]{uj;Jy; m\;\{wh

vii. mj;jpahak; 43 ]{uj;Jy; m[; [{f;U/g;

viii. mj;jpahak; 44 ]{uj;Jj; Jfhd;

ix. mj;jpahak; 45 ]{uj;Jy; [h]pah

x. mj;jpahak; 46 ]{uj;Jy; m`;fh/g;

Mfpa mUs;kiwapd; VO mj;jpahaq;fSk; “ `h - kPk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fisnfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; gjpdhd;F mj;jpahaq;fs; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;LJtq;Ffpd;wd.

i. mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuh

ii. mj;jpahak; %d;W ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhd;

iii. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ ]{uj;Jy; md;fg+j;

iv. mj;jpahak; Kg;gJ ]{uj;Jy; &k;

v. mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J xd;W ]{uj;Jy; Yf;khd;

vi. mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; ][;jh Mfpa MW mj;jpahaq;fSk; myp/g; -yhk; - kPk; vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

vii. mj;jpahak; gj;J ]{uj;Jy; a+D];

viii. mj;jpahak; gjpndhd;W ]{uj;Jy; `{j;

15

ix. mj;jpahak; gd;dpnuz;L ]{uj;Jy; a+]{g;

x. mj;jpahak; gjpd;%d;W ]{uj;Jy; uhj;

xi. mj;jpahak; gjpd;ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ,g;wh`pk;

xii. mj;jpahak; gjpide;J ]{uj;Jy; `p[;h; Mfpa MW mj;jpahaq;fSk; myp/g; - yhk; -uh vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

xiii. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J MW ]{uj;Jy; m];]{uh

xiv. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J vl;L ]{uj;Jy; f]]; Mfpa ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fSk; jh - ]Pd; -kPk; vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fs; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;LJtq;Ffpd;wd.

mj;jpahak; VO ]{uj;Jy; m/uhg; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - ]hj; vd;Dk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fisnfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mj;jpahak; vl;L ]{uj;Jy; md;/ghy; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - uh - vd;Dk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fisnfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fs; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mj;jpahak; 19 ]{uj;Jy; kh;ak; fh/g; - `h- ah- ma;d;-]hj; - vd;Dk; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fisJtq;Ffpd;wd.

mj;jpahak; 42 ]{uj;Jy; m\;-\{wh- `h- kPk; - ma;d; -]Pd; - fh/g; - vd;Dk; Ie;JvOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j Ie;J vOj;Jf;fSk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; ,uz;Ltrdq;fshd njhlh;e;J tUfpd;wd. mjhtJ `h- kPk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fs; Kjy;trdkhfTk;> mjidj; mLj;J ma;d; -]Pd; - fh/g; -vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;lhtJtrdkhfTk; njhlh;fpd;wd.

2. RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F cz;lhd tpsf;fk;:

RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;fhd mh;j;jKk; Nehf;fKk; njsptpy;yhky; ,Ue;jhYk;> mUs;kiwapy;fhzg;gLk; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F ntt;Ntwhd gy tpsf;fq;fs; me;je;j fhyj;jpy;tho;e;J te;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fshy; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw ,q;Nf fhz;Nghk;.

i. Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s rpy trdq;fSf;F cz;lhdRUf;fkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; vd;gjw;F “md-my;yh`{-Myk; - vd;gjpd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;Wk;> “ 'E}d;" vd;gjw;F “ 'E}h;" (xsp)vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk; vdTk;>

ii. Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; my;y. khwhf my;yh`;tpd; ngah;fs;my;yJ mtdJ milahsq;fspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk;>

iii. Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; uhfj;Jld; cr;rhpg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk; vdTk;>

iv. muG vOj;Jf;fspy; rpytw;Wf;F vz; kjpg;G cs;sijg;Nghd;W> ,e;j vOj;Jf;fSf;Fk;Kf;fpakhd vz; kjpg;Gfs; vJTk; ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vdTk;>

v. ,e;j vOj;Jf;fs; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;fhf (gpd;dh;,iwtrdj;ij Nfl;gth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;fhf) ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk;>

Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;JfSf;Fz;lhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J vz;zw;w tpsf;fq;fs;ek;kpilNa cs;sd.

16

3. mUs;kiwapd; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F cz;lhd rpwe;j tpsf;fk;:

Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;JfSf;Fz;lhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J vz;zw;w tpsf;fq;fs;ek;kpilNa ,Ue;jhYk;> ,];yhkpa khh;f;f mwpQh;fshd ,g;D-fjPh; mth;fspd; tpsf;fKk;>\kf;]hhp> kw;Wk; ,g;D-ijk;kpah MfpNahh;fshy; rhpfhzg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW:

,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; rpy mbg;gil %yf;$Wfshy; MdJ kdpj cly; vd;gJ ehk;midtUk; mwpe;j tp\ak;. fspkz;Zk;> kz;Zk; ,aw;ifapy; cs;s mbg;gil %yf;$Wfspy;cs;sjhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kdpj cly; kz;zhy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij vz;Zk;NghJrphpf;fj;jhd; Njhd;WfpwJ.

kdpj clypd; ,aw;ifahd %yf;$Wfshd kz;izAk;> fspkz;izAk;;> jz;zPiuAk; ehk;vy;NyhUk; vspjpy; ngwf;$ba epiyapNyNa ,Ue;jhYk;> Nkw;gb ,aw;ifahd %yf;$Wfisf;nfhz;L - kdpj cliy gilf;f ek;khy; KbahJ. kdpjd; ,d;d %yf;$Wfisnfhz;Ljhd; gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij ehk; ed;whf mwpe;jpUe;Jk; gilg;gpd; ufrpak; gw;wp ehk;vJTk; mwpahjth;fshfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

mNjNghd;W ,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j Fh;Mid kWg;gth;fSf;F - jd;idg; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ.,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mugp nkhopapNyNa cs;sJ vd;gJ gw;wp ngUiknfhz;bUf;Fk; mNugpah;fSf;F jd;idg; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ. mNugpah;fs; mbf;fbcr;rhpf;ff;$ba vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ljhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mike;Js;sJ vd;gijmNugpah;fSf;F mwptpf;fpwJ.

mNugpah;fs; jq;fsJ nkhopiag; gw;wp ngUik nfhs;sf; $bath;fs;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md;,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNghJ> muG nkhop - Gfopd; cr;rf; fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j Neuk;. myp/g; - yhk; -kPk;> ah - ]Pd;> `h-kPk; Nghd;w thh;j;ijfis cs;slf;fp ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; kdpjFyj;jpw;F miw $ty; tpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,wij;jd;ikapy; ePq;fs; re;Njfk;cilath;fshf ,Ug;gpd;> ,J Nghd;W xU Neh;j;jpahd> mofhd mj;jpahaj;ij ePq;fs;nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpwJ.

Muk;gj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpjh;fSf;Fk;> [pd;fSf;Fk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nghd;wxd;iw cUthf;FkhW rthy; tpLfpwJ. kdpjh;fSk; - [pd;fSk; jq;fSf;Fs;xUnthUf;nfhUth; cjtp nra;J nfhz;lhYk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nghd;w xd;iw cUthf;fKbahJ vd;W rthy; tpLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd rthy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 17tJ mj;jpahak; -]{uj;Jy; gdP - ,];uhaPypd; 88tJ trdj;jpYk;> 52tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; J}hpd; 34tJtrdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;.

gpd;dh; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nkw;gb rthiy kPz;Lk; kdpjh;fsplk; itf;fpwJ. mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; 11tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `{jpd; 13tJ trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJNghd;W gj;J trdq;fisahtJ nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W rthy; tpLfpwJ. mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; 10tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; a+D]pd; 38tJ trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJNghd;W xU trdj;ijahtJ nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W kdpj Fyj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpwJ.,Wjpahf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 23 kw;Wk; 24 tJmj;jpahaj;jpd; %ykhf Nkw;gb rthiy ,d;Dk; vspjhf;FfpwJ:

',d;Dk;> (K`k;kJ (]y; vd;w) ek; mbahUf;F ehk; mUspAs;s (Ntjj;)jpy;ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilNahuhf ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy;> (me;j re;Njfj;jpy;) cz;ikcilNahuhfTk; ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fs; cjtpahsh;fis(nay;yhk; xd;whf) mioj;J (itj;J) f; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w Xh;mj;jpahaNkDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs;."

'(mg;gb) ePq;fs; nra;ahtpl;lhy; - mg;gbr; nra;a cq;fshy; jpz;zkhf KbahJ- kdpjh;fisAk;> fw;fisAk; vhpnghUshff; nfhz;l euf neUg;ig mQ;rpf;

17

nfhs;Sq;fs;. (me;j neUg;G> ,iwtidAk;> mtd; Ntjj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;Fk;)epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhNt mJ rpj;jg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 02]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; - 23 - 24 tJ trdq;fs;.)

,uz;L fiyQh;fspd; jpwikia kjpg;gpl Ntz;Lnkdpy;> fiyQh;fs; ,uz;L NgUf;Fk; xNutpjkhd nghUisr; nra;ar; nrhy;yp> xNu tpjkhd %yg; nghUs;fis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.cjhuzj;jpw;F mth;fs; ,uz;L NgUk; ijaw;fiyQh;fs; vdpy;> mth;fs; ,uz;L NgUf;Fk;xNu tpjkhd Jzpiaf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjNghyNt mugp nkhopapd; %yg; nghUs;vJntdpy; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - ah - ]Pd; Nghd;w mugp vOj;Jf;fs; MFk;. ,iwj;jd;iktha;e;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhop cz;ikiaNa NgRk;. Vnddpy; mJ my;yh`;tpd;NtjkhFk;. mugpah;fs; ve;j nkhopaiag; gw;wp ngUik nfhz;bUe;jhh;fNsh mNj nkhopjhd;mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,wf;fg;gl;l nkhopAkhFk;.

mugpah;fs; jq;fsJ nrhy;yhl;rp jpwDf;Fk;> ehtd;ikf;Fk;> mh;j;jKs;s cr;rhpg;Gf;Fk; ngah;Nghdth;fs;. vg;gb kdpj clypy; cs;s %yf; $Wfs; vd;dntd;W ehk; midtUk;mwpNthNkh - me;j %yf; $Wfis ehk; vt;thW ngwTk; KbANkh - mJNghy -mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; RUf;fg;gl;l myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fis mugpah;fs; midtUk;mwpthh;fs;;. me;j vOj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L thh;j;ijfisAk; cUthf;Fthh;fs;.

kdpj clypy; vd;ndd;d %yf; $Wfs; cs;sd vd;W ehk; mwpe;jpUe;jhYk; kdpj cliyek;khy; vt;thW cUthf;f KbahNjh - mJNghy mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s vOj;Jf;fismugpah;fs; mwpe;J tij;jpUe;jhYk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;W nrhw;gpuNahfq;fis mth;fshy; gad; gLj;j KbahJ. ,t;thW mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jd;Dila,iwj;jd;ikia ep&gpf;fpwJ.

4. xt;nthU RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;F gpwFk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jdJ ,iwj;jd;ikiavLj;J itf;fpwJ.

vdNtjhd; xt;nthU RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; mlq;fpa trdk; Kbe;jJk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;jdJ jdpj; jd;ikia gw;wp vLj;J ciuf;fpwJ.

cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; Kjy; ,uz;Ltrdq;fs;:

'myp/g; yhk; kPk;. ,J (my;yh`;tpd;) jpU NtjkhFk;. ,jpy; vj;jifare;NjfKk; ,y;iy. gagf;jpAilNahUf;F (,J) Neh;top fhl;bahFk;." (mj;jpahak;2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; Kjy; ,uz;L trdq;fs;)

Nfs;tp vz;: 8

'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;. ,e;jtrdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk;> g+kpcUz;ilahdJ vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf mike;Js;sJ,y;iyah?.

gjpy;:

1. g+kp Xh; tphpg;ghf gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Nkw;gb Nfs;tp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 71tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}`;tpd; 19tJ trdj;ijmbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. Nkw;gb mUs;kiw trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:'md;wpAk;> my;yh`;> cq;fSf;fhf g+kpia tphpg;ghf Mf;fpdhd;".

18

Nkw;gb trdk; mj;NjhL Kbe;J tplttpy;iy. mjid mLj;j trdj;jpy; Ke;ijatrdj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; nrhy;fpwJ.

'mjpy; ePq;fs; nry;tjw;fhf tprhykhd ghijfisAk; mikj;jhd;." (mj;jpahak; 71]_uj;J E}`; - 20tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; cs;s nra;jpia kw;nwhU trdj;jpd; %ykhfTk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. Fh;Mdpd; 20tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jh`htpd; 53tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'(mtNd) cq;fSf;fhf ,g;g+kpia xU tphpg;ghf mikj;jhd;. ,d;Dk; mjpy;cq;fSf;Fg; ghijfis ,Nyrhf;fpdhd;.." (mj;jpahak; 20 ]_uj;Jj; jh`htpd; 53tJtrdk;)

g+kpapd; Nky; gFjp Kg;gJ iky;fSf;Fk; Fiwthd mlh;j;jpiaf; nfhz;lJ. %thapuj;JvOE}w;wk;igJ iky;fs; Rw;wsitf; nfhz;l g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpNahL xg;gpLk;NghJ - Kg;gJiky; mlh;j;jp vd;gJ kpfTk; nky;ypaJjhd;. G+kpapd; mbg;gFjpahdJ ntg;gkhd -jputepiyapy; cs;sJ. g+kpapy; Nky; gFjpapy; thof;$ba ve;jtpjkhd caphpdKk; - g+kpapd;mbg;gFjpapy; tho Kbahj msTf;F ntg;g epiy mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; g+kpapd; Nky;gFjp caphpdq;fs; thof;$ba rpwe;j nfl;bahd epiyapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. g+kpia tphpg;ghf;fp mjpy;ehk; gazk; nra;af; $ba msTf;F ghijfis mikj;J je;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;W mUs;kiwFh;Md; rhpahfj;jhd; nrhy;fpwJ.

2. tphpg;Gfis rkkhd jiuiaj; jtpu - kw;w ,lq;fspYk; gug;gyhk;.

g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; xd;W $l fpilahJ.mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; - g+kpapd; Nkw;gFjpia xU tphpg;Gld; xg;gpLfpwJ. rpy Ngh;tphpg;Gf;fs; rkkhd jiuapy; khj;jpuk;jhd; tphpf;fyhk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.tphpg;Gf;fis nghpa g+kp Nghd;w Nfhsj;jpd; kPJk; tphpf;fyhk; my;yJ gug;gyhk;. xU nghpa g+kpcUz;ilapd; khjphp xd;iw vLj;J - xU tphpg;ig mjd; kPJ gug;gpg; ghh;j;jhy; - Nkw;gbfUj;J cz;ik vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

nghJthf tphpg;Gfs; - ele;J nry;tjw;F trjpahfj;jhd; tphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mUs;kiwFh;Md; xU tphpg;ig g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpf;F cjhuzkhf fhl;LfpwJ. g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpapy;cs;s tphpg;Gg; Nghd;w gFjp ,y;iy vdpy; g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpapy; cs;s ntg;gj;jpd; fhuzkhfg+kpapd; Nky; gFjpapy; cs;s ve;j capupdKk; caph; tho Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk;. ,t;thWmUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb $w;W mwpT G+h;tkhdNjhL> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,t;Tyfpw;F te;Jgy E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF Gtpapay; ty;Ydh;fshy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikiag;gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;.

3. g+kp tphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ:

mNjNghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; g+kp tphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; gw;wpFwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

',d;Dk;> g+kpia - ehk; mjid tphpj;Njhk;: vdNt> ,t;thW tphpg;gth;fspy; ehk;Nkk;ghLilNahk;." vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 51tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jhhpahj;jpd;48tJ trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

mJNghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 78tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; eghtpd; 6 kw;Wk; 7tJ trdk;fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

19

'ehk; ,g;g+kpia tphpg;ghf Mf;ftpy;iyah?. ,d;Dk; kiyfis KisfshfMf;ftpy;iyah?"

g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;W ehk; rpwpNjDk; nghUs;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ve;jtrdKk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fwpg;gpLtnjy;yhk; g+kp tprhykhdJ vd;Wjhd;.mUs;kiw Fh;Md; g+kp tprhykhdJ vd;W Fwpg;gplf; fhuzk; vd;d? vd;W mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; 29 ]{uj;Jy; md;fg+j;jpd; 56tJ trdk; ekf;Fj; njspthfj;njhptpf;fpd;wJ.

'<khd; nfhz;l vd; mbahh;fNs!. epr;rakhf vd; g+kp tprhykhdJ: Mifahy;ePq;fs; vd;idNa tzq;Fq;fs;."

Nkw;gb trdj;ij njhpe;j vtUk; Rw;Wg;Gw - #oypd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; vd;dhy; ey;yJ nra;aKbatpy;iy. ehd; Fw;wq;fisNar; nra;J te;Njd; vdNt vd;id kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs; vd;Wmy;yh`;tplk; nrhy;y KbahJ.

4. g+kp [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpyhdJ:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 79tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; eh[pahj;jpd; 30tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW$Wfpd;wJ.

',jd; gpd;dh; mtNd g+kpia tphpj;jhd;."

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; “ 'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij gad; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. “'j`h`h"vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ijf;F Kl;il tbtk; vd;Wk; tphpj;jy; vd;Wk; ,uz;L mh;j;jq;fs; cz;L.'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij “'J`;ah" vd;Dk; mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.Nkw;gb “ 'J`;ah" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ijf;F [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpypUf;Fk;neUg;Gf; Nfhopapd; Kl;il vd;W nghUs;. g+kpAk; [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpy;jhd;cs;sJ.

,t;thW g+kp [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpy; cs;sJ vd;fpw etPd mwptpay;cz;ikAk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; $Wk; trdq;fSk; xj;jf; fUj;ij cilaJjhd;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 9.

my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;)vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk;'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij(Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md; kUj;JtmwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?.

gjpy;:

1. my;yh`; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd;:

jhapd; tapw;wpy; cs;s fU Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij gw;wp khj;jpuk; mwpe;jtd;jhd;my;yh`; vd;W gyh; ek;gpAs;sdh;. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 31tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;Yf;khdpd; 34tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.'epr;rakhf me;j (fpahk) Neuk; gw;wpa Qhdk; my;yh`;tplNk ,Uf;fpwJ: mtNdkioiaAk; ,wf;Ffpwhd;. ,d;Dk; mtNd fh;g;gq;fspy; cs;stw;iwAk;mwpfpwhd;..!"

20

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; cs;s nra;jpiag; Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh;u/J tpd; 8tJ trdk; fP;o;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'xt;nthU ngz;Zk; (fh;g;gj;jpy;) Rke;J nfhz;bUg;gijAk;> fh;g;gg;igfs;RUq;fpf; FiwtijAk;> mit tphpe;J mjpfhpg;gijAk;> my;yh`; ed;fwpthd;:xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk; mtdplk; msT ,Uf;fpd;wJ."

2. 'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij(Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk;jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhfmwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

3. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,dk; (SEX) vd;w thh;j;ij Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid nkhopahf;fk; nra;jth;fSk;> mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F tpsf;fkspj;jth;fSk; -jhapd; fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gijkl;Lk;) mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;W jtwhd tpsf;fk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ cz;ik.Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ePq;fs; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; - ,dk; (SEX) vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;Fepfuhd muG thh;j;ij mjpy; ,y;iy vd;gij ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;tPh;fs;. khwhf jhapd;fUtpy; cs;sij mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;fpw fUj;J ,Ug;gij ePq;fs; czh;tPh;fs;. jhapd;fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk;mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; jtwhd fUj;jhFk;.

4. my;yh`;itj; jtpu> NtW vtUk; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; jd;ikia KbT nra;aKbahJ.

Nkw;gb trdk; Foe;ijapd; ghiy (mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk;)mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gij khj;jpuk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. khwhf fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapd;jd;ikfs; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gij Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mjhtJ jhapd; fUtpy;cs;s Foe;ij vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;? vd;gijAk;> me;j Foe;ijapd; jd;ik vd;d vd;gijAk;>fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij mjdJ ngw;Nwhh;fSf;F mUl;nfhilahf ,Uf;Fkh? my;yJrhgf;Nflhf ,Uf;Fkh? fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij rKjhaj;jpw;F ed;ikahf mikAkh?my;yJ jPikahf mikAkh? vd;gijAk;> Foe;ij ey;yjh? nfl;ljh vd;gijAk;> Foe;ijnrhh;f;fj;jpw;F nry;Ykh?. my;yJ eufj;jpw;Fr; nry;Ykh? vd;gd Nghd;w midj;Jtpguq;fisAk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; xUtNd vd;gNj Nkw;gb trdj;jpd; nghUshFk;. Kw;wpYk;Gjpjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fUtpfis itj;jpUf;Fk; ve;j xU mwptpay; mwpQuhy; Nkw;gbtpguq;fis vy;yhk; epr;rakhfr; nrhy;y KbAk;? my;yh`;itj; jtpu.

Nfs;tp vz;: 10

Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy;“'`{h;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg;ngWthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;Fj; Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;.?.

gjpy;:

1. “ '`{h;" gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; “ '`{h;" gw;wp ehd;F ,lq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 44]{uj;Jj; Jfhdpd; 54tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

“'..NkYk; mth;fSf;F `{Uy;<d;fis ehk; kzk; Kbj;J itg;Nghk;."

21

mj;jpahak; 52 ]{uj;Jj; J}hpd; 20tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'..NkYk; ehk; mth;fSf;F ePz;l fz;fisAila (`{Uy; <d;fis) kzk;Kbj;J itg;Nghk;."

mj;jpahak; 55 ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 72tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'..`{h; (vd;Dk; mofhdth;fs;) $lhuq;fspy; kiwf;fg;gl;bUg;gh;."

mj;jpahak; 56 ]{uj;Jy; thfpMtpd; 22tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'(mq;F ,th;fSf;F) `{Uy; <d; (vd;Dk; neba fz;fisAilath;fs;),Ug;gh;."

2. '`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “ 'mofpa fd;dpah;" vd;W nkhopahf;fk;nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid nkhopngah;j;j gy nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; - Fwpg;ghf cUJ nkhopapy; nkhopngah;j;j nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'mofpafd;dpah;" vd;Wnkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;sdh;. “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'mofpa fd;dpah;" vd;W nghUs;nfhz;lhy; - mJ Mz;fSf;F kl;Lk;jhd; vd;W MfptpLk;. mg;gbnadpy; ngz;fSf;F vd;dfpilf;Fk;?.

3. “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijapd; nghUs;.

'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij 'm`;thh;" vd;w mugpthh;j;ijf;Fk; (Mz; ghyUf;Fgad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ) “ '`t;uh" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;Fk; (ngz; ghyUf;Fgad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ) chpa gd;ikahd (Plural) thh;j;ij MFk;. Fwpg;ghf nrhh;f;fj;jpy;,Uf;ff; $ba mofpa fz;fis cila Mz;ghyiuNah my;yJ ngz; ghyiuNahFwpg;gpLtjw;F Nkw;gb thh;j;ijia gad;gLj;Jth;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; NtW rpy trdq;fspy; Rth;f;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; “'Kj;j`;uJd;" J}a;ikahdkw;Wk; Gdpjkhd “'m];th[;" - ,iz my;yJ Jiz my;yJ N[hbapidg; ngUtPh;fs; vd;WFwpg;gpLfpwJ. “'Kj;j`;uJd;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F J}a;ik kw;Wk; Gdpjk; vd;W nghUs;nfhs;syhk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 25tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:'(Mdhy;) ek;gpf;if nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fs; nra;NthUf;F ed;khuhaq;fs;$WtPuhf: rjh Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; MWfisf; nfhz;l Rtdr; Nrhiyfs;mth;fSf;fhf cz;L: mth;fSf;F cz;z mq;fpUe;J VjhtJ fdpnfhLf;fg;gLk; nghnjy;yhk; “'',JNt Kd;dUk; ekf;F (cyfpy;)nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ"" vd;W $Wthh;fs;: Mdhy; (Njhw;wj;jpy;) ,JNghd;wJjhd; (mth;fSf;F cyfj;jpw;) nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jd: ,d;Dk;mth;fSf;F mq;F J}a JizfSk; cz;L: NkYk; mth;fs; mq;Nf epue;jukhftho;thh;fs;. (my;-Fh;Md; 2:25)

mNj Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 57tJ trdk;fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

22

'(mth;fspy;) vth;fs; <khd; nfhz;L ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;fpd;whh;fNshmth;fis Rtdgjpfspy; GFj;JNthk;. mtw;wpd; fPNo MWfs; Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;: mtw;wpy; mth;fs; vd;nwd;Wk; ,Ug;gh;: mq;F mth;fSf;Fg;ghpRj;jkhd JizfSk; cz;L: mth;fis mlh;e;j epoypYk; Eioar;nra;Nthk;." (4:57)

Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fspypUe;J ehk; mwptJ vd;dntdpy; “'`{h;" vd;w mugpthh;j;ij Fwpg;ghf ve;j ghiy (Mz;ghy; my;yJ ngz;ghy;) Fwpg;gpLtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vd;gJjhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j K`k;kj;m]hj; “ '`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F Spouse (fztUf;F kidtpAk; - kidtpf;FfztUk;) vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk;nra;j a+Rg; myp “ '`{h;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F Companions (,iz my;yJ Jiz)vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. ,d;Dk; gy khh;f;f mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb - nrhh;f;fj;jpy;xU MZf;F mofpa fz;fis cila ngz;Zk;> xU ngz;Zf;F mofpa fz;fis cilaxU MZk; ,izahf my;yJ Jizahf my;yJ N[hbahf fpilg;ghh;fs;.

4. ngz;fs; ,t;Tyfpy; fpilf;fg;ngwhj xd;iw> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; fpilf;fg; ngWthh;fs;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; “ '`{h;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij ngz;ghiy Fwpg;gplj;jhd;gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; Mzpj;jukhf ek;gp tUfpwhh;fs;.mth;fSf;F gjpyspf;Fk; Kfkhf `jP]; xd;iw epidT+l;l tpUk;GfpNwd;. mz;zy; egp(]y;) mth;fsplk; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; Mz;fSf;F mofpa fz;fisAila ngz;fs; Jizahffpilg;ghh;fs;> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; vij fpilf;fg;ngWthh;fs; vd;W vOg;gg;gl;l Nfs;tpxd;wpw;F gjpyspf;Fk;NghJ - nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; kdpj fz;fs; vJTk; fz;buhj - kdpjfhJfs; vJTk; Nfl;buhj - kdpj kdq;fs; vJTk; vz;zpg;ghuhj xd;wpidg; ngWthh;fs;vd;W egp (]y;) mth;fs; gjpyspj;jhh;fs;. Nkw;gb gjpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; - kpfTk;rpwg;ghd xd;wpidg; ngWthh;fs; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf mike;Js;sJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 11

,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;.mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gbFw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

,iw kWg;Gf; nfhs;ifia njhlh;e;J filgpbj;J tUk; ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; cs;sj;ijmy;yh`; Kj;jpiuapl;L tpLfpwhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; MwhtJ kw;Wk; VohtJtrdq;fspy; my;yh`; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;whd;:

'epr;rakhf fh/gPh;fis (,iwtid epuhfhpg;Nghiu) ePh; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpj;jhYk;(rhp) my;yJ vr;rhpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhpNa! mth;fs; <khd; (,iw ek;gpf;if)nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;."

'my;yh`; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fspYk;> mth;fspd; nrtpg;Gyd;fspYk; Kj;jpiuitj;J tpl;lhd;. ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; ghh;it kPJ xU jpiu fplf;fpwJ. NkYk;mth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lizAk; cz;L." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 6kw;Wk; Vohk; trdq;fs;)

23

Nkw;gb trdk; cz;ikia kWf;ff; $ba nghJthd epuhfhpg;gth;fis gw;wp $wtpy;iy.,e;j trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mugp thh;j;ijfshd “'my;yjPd fg&" vd;gjd; nghUs;vd;dntdpy; njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fs; vd;gjhFk;. ,t;thW njhlh;e;Jcz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fshd ,th;fSf;F ePq;fs; vr;rhpf;if nra;jhYk; rhp>vr;rhpf;if nra;ahtpl;lhYk; rhpNa. mth;fs; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thWnjhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fspd; cs;sq;fspYk;> nrtpg; GydpYk; Kj;jpiuitj;J tpl;ljhfTk;> mth;fspd; ghh;itfspy; jpiuapl;Ltpl;ljhfTk; my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;.my;yh`; mth;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; Kj;jpiuapl;L tpl;ljhy; mth;fs; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;skWf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjy;y ,jd; nghUs;. njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fs;>cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;jjhy; mth;fis ghh;j;J my;yh`; Nkw;fz;lthW$Wfpd;whd;. vdNt Nkw;gb cz;ikia epuhfhpg;gth;fs; njhlh;e;J cz;ikiaepuhfhpg;gjw;F my;yh`; nghWg;ghsp my;y. khwhf cz;ik vd;dntd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; -Nkw;gb cz;ikia njhle;J epuhfhpj;J tUfpd;w epuhfhpg;gth;fs;jhd; ,jw;FnghWg;ghthh;fs;.

2. cjhuzj;jpw;F tFg;ghrphpah;> khztd; Njwkhl;lhd; vd;W fzpg;gJ.

cjhuzj;jpw;F gs;spf; $lj;jpd; mDgtkpf;f tFg;ghrphpah; xUth;> tFg;gpy; ftdk;nrYj;jhj - mjpfkhf njhe;juT nra;fpw - jdJ tPl;Lg;ghlq;fis nra;J tuj; jtWfpwkhztd; xUtid - mtd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; Njw khl;lhd; vd;W fzpf;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. khztDk; ,Wjpj; Njh;it vOjp Nkw;gbj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wpailatpy;iy vd;Wk;itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. khztd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; Njhy;tpAw;wjw;F ahiu Fw;wk;nrhy;tPh;fs;? khztidah? Mrphpaiuah? khztd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngwkhl;lhd;vd;w fzpj;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf Mrphpaiu ahUk; Fw;wk; nrhy;y khl;lhh;fs;. khwhf gbg;gpy;rhpahf ftdk; nrYj;jhj khztd;jhd; jdJ Njhy;tpf;F nghWg;ghthd;.

mJNghyNt cz;ikia njhlh;e;J epuhfhpj;J tUk; kdpjh;fis gw;wp my;yh`; mwpthd;.,t;thW cz;ikiaj; njhlh;e;J epuhfhpj;J tUgth;fs;jhd; jq;fsJ nraYf;Fg; nghWg;Ngj;jtpu> my;yh`; my;y.

Nfs;tp vz;: 12

ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak;ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghUg;ghNthk;?.

gjpy;fs; tpiutpy;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 13

thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpy; gy ,lq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhf$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah?. NkYk; mNj trdj;jpy; g+kpia MW ehl;fspy;gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ.thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “ ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F(Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk; mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah?

gjpy;:

thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; MW ehl;fspy; (mjhtJ MW eP;z;l fhyq;fspy;) gilf;fg;gl;ldvd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ vd;gij ehDk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,J gw;wpa tpguk;mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPof;Fwpg;gpl;l mj;jpahaq;fspy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.mj;jpahak; 7 ]{uj;Jy; m/uh/gpd; 54tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; 10 ]{uj;Jy; a+D]pd; 3tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; 11 ]{uj;Jy; `{Jtpd; 7tJ trdk;

24

mj;jpahak; 25 ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;fhdpd; 59tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; 32 ]{uj;Jy; ][;jhtpd; 4tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; 50 ]{uj;Jy; f/g;tpd; 38tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; 57 ]{uj;Jy; `jPjpd; 04tJ trdk; Mfpa trdq;fspy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; MWehl;fspy; (mjhtJ MW eP;z;l fhyq;fspy;) gilf;fg;gl;ld vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md;nrhy;fpwJ.

jhq;fs; nrhy;tJ Nghd;W thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; vl;L ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;fpwmh;j;jj;jpy; tUfpd;w trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 41tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj;jpd;9tJ trdk; Kjy; 12tJ trdk; tiuapyhdJ. Nkw;gb trdk; fPof;fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'g+kpia ,uz;Nl ehl;fspy; gilj;jtid epuhfhpj;J mtDf;F ,izfisAk;epr;rakhf ePq;fs; jhdh Vw;gLj;JfpwPh;fs;?. mtd; mfpyj;jhUf;nfy;yhk;,iwtd; vd;W (egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf." (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 9tJtrdk;)

'mtNd> mjd; NkypUe;J caukhd kiyfis mikj;jhd;: mjd; kPJ (rfytpjkhd) ghf;fpaq;fisAk; nghope;jhd;. ,d;Dk;> mjpy; mtw;wpd; czTfisehd;F ehl;fspy; rPuhf eph;zapj;jhd;. (,ijg;gw;wp) Nfl;ff; $bath;fSf;F(,JNt tpsf;fkhFk;). (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 10tJ trdk;).

'gpwF mtd; thdk; Gifahf ,Ue;j NghJ (mijg; gilf;f) ehbdhd;: MfNtmtd; mjw;Fk; g+kpf;Fk;: “ ''ePq;fs; tpUg;GldhapDk;> my;yJ ntWg;gpUg;gpDk;>thUq;fs;"" vd;W $wpdhd;. (mjw;F) mitapuz;Lk; ''ehq;fs; tpUg;GlNdNatUfpd;Nwhk;"" vd;W $wpd." (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 11tJ trdk;).

'MfNt> ,uz;L ehl;fspy; mtw;iw VO thdq;fshf cah;j;jpdhd;. xt;nthUthdj;jpw;Fk; mjw;Fhpa flik ,d;dnjd mwptpj;jhd;. ,d;Dk;> cyfj;jpw;FrkPgkhd thdj;ij ehk; tpsf;Ffs; nfhz;L myq;fhpj;Njhk;. ,d;Dk; mjidehk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; Mf;fpNdhk;. ,J ahtiuAk; kpifj;jtDk;>Qhdkpf;NfhDkhfpa (,iw)tDila Vw;ghNlahFk;." ( mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy;/Gh;]pyhj; 12tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdq;fis NkNyhl;lkhfg; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; vl;L ehl;fspy;gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;fpw mh;j;jk;jhd; njhdpf;Fk;.

2. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;FNkyjpfkhf - vd;W nghUs;.

Nkw;gb trdq;fis ePq;fs; $h;e;J Muha;e;jhy;> ,uz;L tpj;jpahrkhd gilg;Gfshd g+kpkw;Wk; thdk; ,itfisg;gw;wp nrhy;tij mwpayhk;. kiyfs; ,y;yhj g+kp ,uz;Lehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ. g+kp mirahJ epiyahf epw;Fk; nghUl;L g+kpapd; kPJ kiyfisehd;F ehl;fspy; gilj;jhd;. Mf g+kpAk; - mjd; kPJ epWj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; kiyfSk; ehd;Fehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;gij mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 41tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;/Gh;]pyhj;jpd; xd;gJ kw;Wk; gj;jhtJ trdq;fspd; nghUshFk;. Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; 11kw;Wk; 12tJ trdk; $WtJ vd;dntdpy; mj;Jld; $b thdq;fSk; ,uz;L ehl;fspy;gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;. Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; 11tJ trdj;jpd; Muk;g thh;j;ijahd']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “ 'Nkyjpfkhf" my;yJ “'gpd;dh;" vd ,U mh;j;jq;fs;nfhs;syhk;. Fh;Mdpd; Mq;fpy nkhopahf;fq;fs; rpytw;wpy; ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F'gpd;dh;" vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.“ 'gpd;dh;" vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk;

25

nra;ag;gl;lij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;> g+kpAk;> g+kpapd; kPJ kiyfSk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;Lg;>gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;fpw jtwhd nghUisj;jhd; jUk;.Nkw;gb nghUs; mwptpay; nrhy;Yk; ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpNahL (Big Bang Theroy) Kuz;gLtNjhL>mUs;kiw FHMdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 30tJ trdkhd>'thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; ,ize;jpUe;jd vd;gijAk;> ,tw;iw ehNk gphpj;(jikj;)Njhk;" vd;fpw trdj;NjhLk; Kuz;gLk;.

vdNt Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F'Nkyjpfkhf" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJjhd; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mUs;kiw Fh;MidMq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j mg;Jy;yh a+Rg; myp mth;fs; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugpthh;j;ijf;F “'Nkyjpfkhf" vd;Wjhd; nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. mt;thW nkhopahf;fk;nra;ag;gl;l Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpw;F “'kiyfSld; $ba g+kpiaMWehl;fspy; gilj;jhd;. Nkyjpfkhf thdq;fisAk; gilj;jhd;". vd;Wjhd;nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nghUs; nfhs;Sk;nghOJ> vl;L ehl;fs; vd;fpw jtwhdfUj;J nfhs;tJ jtph;f;fg;gl;L> MW ehl;fs; vd;fpw rhpahd fUj;J epiy epWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fPo; Fwpg;gpLk; cjhuzj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;gb fUj;ij NkYk; rhpahd Kiwapy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;syhk;: xU fl;blj;ij fl;Lgth; - mth; fl;ba 10 khb fl;blj;ijAk;> fl;blj;ijRw;wpAs;s Rw;Wr; RtiuAk; fl;b Kbf;f 6 khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.KOf; fl;blj;ijAk; fl;b Kbj;j gpd;G - fl;blk; fl;baJ gw;wpa jdJ mwpf;ifapy;fl;blj;jpd; mbg;gFjpfis fl;b Kbf;f ,uz;L khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk; -fl;blj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpia fl;b Kbf;f ehd;F khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk; - mj;Jld;Nrh;j;J - fl;blk; fl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghONj - fl;blj;jpd; Rw;Wr; Rth;fisAk; ,uz;Lkhjq;fspy; fl;b Kbj;jjhf jdJ mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.nkhj;jf; fl;blKk; fl;b Kbf;f mth; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l fhyk; 6 khjq;fs; vd;gij Nkw;gbmwpf;ifapypUe;J njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mth; nrhd;d KjyhtJ mwpf;if - mth;nrhd;d ,uz;lhtJ mwpf;ifNahL Kuz;gltpy;iy. khwhf fl;blk; fl;b Kbj;j fhyj;ijgw;wpa mjpf tpguq;fisj;jhd; njhptpf;fpwJ.

3. 'thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; xNu rkaj;jpy;jhd; gilf;fg;gl;ld:

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gpugQ;rk; KOtijAk; gilf;fg; gl;lij gw;wp Vuhskhd trdq;fspy;Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;MdPd; 7:54> 10:3> 11:7> 25:59> 32:4> 50:38> 57:4 Mfpa trdq;fspy;thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; vd;Wk;> mUs;kiw Fh;MdPd; 49:9-12> 2:29> 20:4 Mfpa trdq;fspy; g+kpAk;>thdq;fSk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;md;gpahtpd; 30tJ trdk; ngUk; ntbg;G gw;wp $WtJld; thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; xNu rkaj;jpy;cUthf;fg;gl;ld vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mJ Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 29tJ trdk;fPof;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'mtd; (my;yh`;) vj;jifatd; vd;why; mtNd cyfj;jpYs;s midj;ijAk;cq;fSf;fhf gilj;jhd;. gpd; mtd; thdj;jpd; gf;fk; Kw;gl;lhd;. mtw;iwVO thdq;fshf xOq;fhf;fpdhd;. md;wpAk; mtNd xt;nthU nghUisAk;ed;fwpgtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 29tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdj;jpYk; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'gpd;dh;" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;Nthk;vdpy; - ,e;j trdKk; ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpAld; Kuz;gLtNjhL> thdq;fisAk;> g+kpiaAk;gilj;jJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; kw;w trdq;fSlDk; Kuz;gLk;. vdNtjhq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l trdj;jpy; tUk; “ ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'Nkyjpfkhf"my;yJ “'mj;Jld; Nrh;j;J" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJjhd; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

26

Nfs;tp vz;: 14

kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gp;Lk; Fh;Md;> kw;nwhU ,lj;jpy;kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L trdq;fSk;Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij mwptpapy; hPjpahfvt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

1. kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 75tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; fpahkhtpd; 37tJ trdk; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj;JspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'(fh;g;gf; Nfhsiwf;Fs;) nrhl;Lr; nrhl;lha; Cw;wg;gLk; ,e;jphpaj; Jspf;Fs;mtd; ,Uf;ftpy;iyah?" (mj;jpahak; 75 ]_uj;Jy; fpahkh - 37tJ trdk;)

NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;WFwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 5tJ trdk;kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij fPo;fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'..ehk; epr;rakhf cq;fis (Kjypy;) kz;zpypUe;Jk;> gpd;dh; ,e;jphpaj;JspapypUe;Jk;> gpd;G myf;fpypUe;Jk;> gpd;G cUthf;fg;gl;lJk;>cUthf;fg;glhjJkhd jirf; fl;bapypUe;J gilj;Njhk;.." (mj;jpahak; 22]_uj;Jy; `[; - 5tJ trdk;).

kdpj cly; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; %yf;$Wfs; ahTk; (kdpj clypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;) xUrpwpjsNth my;yJ ngUk; msNth g+kpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;.ehk; njhpe;J nfhz;Ls;s Nkw;gb cz;ikahdJ> kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd;vd;fpw mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wf;F mwptpay; jUk; tpsf;fkhFk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;Wk;> rpytrdq;fs; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. Nkw;gb $w;WKuz;ghlhdJ my;y. xNu Neuj;jpy; eilngw Kbahj vjph;kiwahd ,uz;L nray;fSf;FKuz;ghL vd;W ngah;.

2. kdpjd; jz;zPupypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; jz;zPhpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W $WfpwJ.mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 25tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;fhdpd; 54tJ trdk; nrhy;Yk; nghUiscjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;:',d;Dk; mtd;jhd; kdpjid ePhpypUe;J gilj;J.."(mj;jpahak; 25 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;fhd;54tJ trdk;).

kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ePhpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;WmUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhd;d %d;W fUj;Jf;fisAk; etPd mwptpay;> cz;ik vd;W ep&gpj;Jf;fhl;bAs;sJ.

3. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; Kuz;ghlhzJ (Contradiction) my;y. khwhf> khWgl;l jdpg;gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk;. (Contradistinction).

27

cjhuzj;jpw;F> xU Nfhg;ig NjePh; jahhpf;fg; gl Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mjw;F Njitahd msTnte;ePh; Ntz;Lk;. Njitahd msT Njapiyj; JfSk; Ntz;Lk;. NjePh; jahhpf;f nte;ePh;Ntz;Lk;. mJNghy NjePh; jahhpf;f Njapiyj; JfSk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tjhy; - Nkw;gb,uz;L $w;Wf;fSk; ntt;Ntwhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mitfs; ,uz;Lk; xd;Wf; nfhd;WKuz;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld; ,dpg;ghd NjePh; Ntz;Lnkdpy;> rh;f;fiuAk; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thWNkw;nrhd;d %d;W fUj;Jfspy; ve;j fUj;Jk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy.

,t;thW mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ePhpypUe;Jk;gilf;fg; gl;lhd; vd;W nrhd;d ve;j fUj;Jk; xd;nwhnlhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. Nkw;gbfUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; Kuz;ghlhzJ (Contradiction) my;y. khwhf> khWgl;l jdpg; gz;Gfs;%yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk;(Contradistinction). cjhuzj;jpw;F xU kdpjd;vg;NghJk; cz;ikNa Ngrf; $batd;. mNjrkak; mtd; xU ngha;ad; vd;Wk; ehd;nrhy;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb vdJ $w;Wf;fs; Kuz;ghlhdJ (Contradiction).

Mdhy; xU kdpjd; Neh;ikahdtd;. mNj rkaj;jpy; fUiz cs;sk; nfhz;ltd;.kdpjh;fis Nerpg;gtd; vd;W $WfpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J khWgl;l jdpg;gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk; (Contradistinction). Kuz;ghby;yhj> jdpg;gz;Gs;s ,U NtW fUj;Jf;fshFk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 15

,uz;L fpof;FfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy; xUtrdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;F - xU Nkw;F khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;Lfpof;FfisAk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

1. my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd;vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; $WfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 55tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 17tJ trdk; my;yh`; - mtNd,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W $WfpwJ.

',U fPo;j; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd. ,U Nky; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd;mtNd."((mj;jpahak; 55 ]_uj;Jh; u`;khd; 17tJ trdk;).

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,uz;L Nky;j;jpirfs;> ,uz;L fPo;j;jpirfs; vd nghUs;gLk; (Dual) mugpthh;j;ijfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkw;gb thh;j;ijfs; my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;FjpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s itf;fpwJ.

2. my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F vy;iyfSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;F vy;iyfSf;Fk;,iwtd;.

#hpad; fpof;Fj; jpirapy; cjpf;fpwJ vd;gJ Gtpapay; mwpT ekf;F fw;Wj; je;j ghlk;.Mdhy; #hpad; cjpf;Fk; epiy (Point of Sunrise) tUlk; KOtJk; khwpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.tUlj;jpd; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; khj;jpuk; - mjhtJ #hpad; epy eLf;Nfhl;il fle;J nry;Yk;me;j ,uz;L ehl;fspy; khj;jpuk;> #hpad; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rhpahd epiyapypUe;J (kj;jpapy;,Ue;J) cjakhfpwJ. tUlj;jpd; kw;w ehl;fspy; #hpad; cjpg;gJ fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rw;Wtlf;fpypUe;Njh my;yJ fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rw;W njw;fpypUe;Njhjhd; cjpf;fpwJ.Nfhilfhyj;jpd; cr;rf;fl;lk; tUk; nghOJ ([{d; khjk; 21 Mk; Njjp vd;Wfzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ) fpof;Fj;jpirf;F mjpfgl;r tlf;Fg; gFjpapYk;> Fsph; fhyj;jpd; cr;rf;fl;lk; tUk; nghOJ (brk;gh; khjk; 22 Mk; Njjp vd;W fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ) fpof;Fj;jpirf;F mjpfgl;r njw;Fg; gFjpapYk; #hpad; cjpg;gij ehk; Neubahf fhzyhk;. mNjNghy#hpad; Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; kiwAk; NghJk; Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; mjpf gl;r tlf;Fg; gFjpapYk;>Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; mjpf gl;r njw;Fg; gFjpapYk; kiwtij fhzyhk;. Nkw;gb ,aw;ifapd;

nraiy> #hpad; cjpg;gijAk; - kiwtijAk; fhz;gjw;F trjpahd ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk;vspjhf fhz KbAk;. ,t;thW #hpad; tUlk; KOtJk; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; xNuikaj;jpypUe;J cjpf;fhky; fpof;Fj; jpirf;F rw;W tlf;Fg; gFjpapypUe;Jk;> fpof;Fj; jpirf;Frw;W njw;Fg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; gy ikaq;fspypUe;J cjpg;gijAk;> mNjNghd;W Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; gy ikaq;fspy; miltijAk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;. Nkw;gb nray; Fh;Mdpy;nrhy;yg;gl;l “',U fPo;j; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd. ,U Nky;jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd." (mj;jpahak; 55 ]_uj;Jh; u`;khd; 17tJ trdk;)vd;fpw trdj;ij cz;ik gLj;Jtij njspthf czu KbAk;.

3. my;yh`; - ,uz;L fpof;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk;>,uz;L Nkw;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd.!

mugp nkhopapy; gpw nkhopfisg; Nghy; my;yhky; - xUik (Singular) - ,Uik (Dual) gd;ik(Plural) (,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l vz;zpf;if - mjhtJ %d;Wk;> %d;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lJk;) vd%d;W tifahf mike;Js;sd. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 55tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd;17tJ trdj;jpy; tUk; - “'k\;hpf;ifdp" kw;Wk; - 'k`;;hpigdp" vd;fpw thh;j;ijfs; ,Uik(Dual) gd;ikia Fwpg;gjhy; - Nkw;gb trdk; ,uz;L fpof;FfisAk;> ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk;Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; kMhp[; - d; 40tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ.'vdNt> fpof;Fj; jpirfs;> Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; Mfpatw;wpd; ,iwtdhfpa (ek;)kPJ rj;jpakhf> epr;rakhf ehk; (tpUk;gpathW nra;a) Mw;wYilNahk;." (mj;jpahak;70 ]_uj;Jy; kMhp[; - 40tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; “'k\;hpf;fp" kw;Wk; “'kf;hpgp" vd;fpw mugpthh;j;ijfSf;F fpof;Fj; jpirfs;> kw;Wk; Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; vd;W nghUs;. mjhtJ %d;Wmy;yJ Kd;wpf;F Nkw;gl;l fpof;Fj; jpirfs; vd;Wk;> %d;wpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Nkw;Fj; jpirfs;vd;Wk; nghUs;.

Nkw;gb trdj;jpypUe;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; nra;jp vd;dntdpy; my;yh`; - mtd; ,uz;Lfpof;fpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;Ls;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;Ls;smidj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;gJjhd;. jtpu ,uz;L fpof;fpw;Fk; - ,uz;LNkw;fpw;Fk; ,iwtDk; mtNd jhd; vd;gJkhFk;.

F

tlf;F

28

F

njw;F

fpof;

Nkw;F

mjpf gl;r fpof;F

mjpf gl;r fpof;F

mjpf gl;r Nkw;F

mjpf gl;r Nkw;

#hpad; cjpf;Fk; ikaq;fs;

#hpad; kiwAk; ikaq;fs;

29

NkNy tiuag; gl;Ls;s glj;jpypUe;J Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mUs;kiw trdq;fis ,d;Dk; njspthfGhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 16

Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk;tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs;vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md; jdf;Fj;jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah?.

gjpy;:mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;L trdq;fs; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ ehk;fzf;fpLk; Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJmj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 47tJ trdKk;> mj;jpahak; 32 ]{uj;Jy; ][;jhtpd; 5tJtrdKk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; Mapuk;tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;kMhp[;d; 4tJ trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk;Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ.

Nkw;gb trdk; czh;j;Jk; nghJthd fUj;J vd;dntdpy; my;yh`; fzf;fpLk; fhyk; g+kpapy;kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; fhyj;NjhL xg;gpl KbahjjJ vd;gJjhd;. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy;Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; kw;Wk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ g+kpapy; kdpjh;fs;fzf;fpLk; fhyk; MFk;. Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fspd; ghh;itapy; kpfTk; mjpfkhdfhyfl;lk; MFk;. Mdhy; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehisf;Fr;rkkhdJ.

3. 'at;k;" vd;why; fhyk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;:

Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. “'at;k;" vd;wmugp thh;j;ijf;F ehs; vd;w nghUs; jtpu> fhyk; vd;Wk; xU ePz;l fhyk; vd;Wk; nghUs;nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; tUk; “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F ehs; vd;W nghUs;nfhs;shJ> fhyk; vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy; ve;j Fog;gKk; ,;y;iy.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 47tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ:'(egpNa! ,d;Dk; tutpy;iyNa vd;W) Ntjidia mth;fs; mtrukhfNjLfpwhh;fs;. my;yh`; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tNjapy;iy. NkYk;ck;Kila ,iwtdplk; xU ehs; vd;gJ> ePq;fs; fzf;fpLfpw Mapuk;Mz;Lfis NghyhFk;." (mj;jpahak; 22 ]_uj;jy; `[; 47tJ trdk;)

,iw ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjth;fs; jq;fsJ jz;lidf;fhf mtrug; gl;l nghOJ> my;yh`;,wf;fpaUspa trdk; ,J. my;yh`; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tNjapy;iy. my;yh`;tpd;ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ> kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLfpw Mapuk; Mz;Lfis NghyhFk; vd;W$WfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 32tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; ][;jhtpd; 5tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'thdj;jpypUe;J g+kp tiuapYKs;s fhhpaj;ij mtNd xOq;FgLj;Jfpwhd;:xUehs; (xt;nthU fhhpaKk;) mtdplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk;. me;j (ehspd;)msT ePq;fs; fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk;." (mj;jpahak; 32 ]_uj;J];][;jh 5tJ trdk;).

30

Nkw;gb mUs;kiwapd; trdk; xUehspy; vy;yhf; fhhpaq;fSk; my;yh`;tplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk;vd;Wk;> me;j ehspd; msT ehk; (kdpjh;fs;) fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk; vd;Wk;Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; kMhp[; - d; 4tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'xUehs; kyf;FfSk;> ([pg;hPyhfpa) mt;thd;khTk;> mtdplk; Vwpr; nry;thh;fs;:m(j; jpdj;)jpd; msT Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; (rkkhf) ,Uf;Fk;." (mj;jpahak; 70]_uj;J kMhp[; 4tJ trdk;)

kyf;FfSk;> Md;khf;fSk; my;yh`;it nrd;wilaf; $ba fhyk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fshf,Uf;Fk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,uz;L khWgl;l nray;fs; eilngwf; $ba fhyfl;lq;fs; rkkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwmtrpak; ,y;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; nrd;idapypUe;J nrq;fy;gl;ilr; nrd;wila ,uz;Lkzp Neuk; gpbf;fpwJ vd;fpNwd;. mNj Ntisapy; nrd;idapypUe;J fd;dpahFkhp nrd;wila14 kzp Neuk; gpbf;fpwJ vd;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb ehd; nrhd;d vdJ ,uz;L $w;Wf;fSk; xd;NwhLxd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy.

mNj Nghd;Wjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gLtNj ,y;iy. khwhfep&gpf;fg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikfNshL rkd;gLfpwJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 17

Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak;f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhd trdq;fs;,Ug;gJ rhpah?.

egp Mjk; (miy) mth;fSk; - ,g;yP]{k; ,Uf;fpd;w tuyhw;W rk;gtq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy;gy trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 34tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'gpd;dh; ehk; kyf;Ffis Nehf;fp> “''MjKf;F gzp(e;J ]{[{J nra;)Aq;fs;"" vd;W nrhd;dNghJ ,g;yPi]j; jtpu kw;w midtUk; rpuk; gzpe;jdh;.mtd; (,g;yP]{) kWj;jhd;: MztKk; nfhz;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mtd;fh/gph;fisr; rhh;e;jtdhfp tpl;lhd;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 34 tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb nghUs; juf; $ba mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fspd; ngah;fSk; trdq;fspd;vz;fSk; gpd; tUkhW:mj;jpahak; 15 ]{uj;Jy; `p[;h; trdk; 28 - 31mj;jpahak; 17 ]{uj;Jy; ,];uh trdk; 61mj;jpahak; 20 ]{uj;Jy; jh`h trdk; 116mj;jpahak; 38 ]{uj;Jy; ]hj; trdk; 71 - 74.Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; 18 ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ:

31

'md;wpAk;> “''MjKf;F ]{[{J nra;Aq;fs;"" vd;W ehk; kyf;Ffsplj;jpy;$wpaij (egpNa) epidT $h;tPuhf: mg;NghJ ,g;yPi]j;jtpu> mth;fs; ]{[{Jnra;jhh;fs;;: mtd; (,g;yP];) [pd; ,dj;ij Nrh;e;jtdhf ,Ue;jhd;.." (mj;jpahak;18 ]_uj;Jy; f/G - 50tJ trdk;).

2. mugpa Kiwapy; gpd;gw;Wjy;:

'gpd;dh; ehk; kyf;Ffis Nehf;fp> “MjKf;F gzp(e;J ]{[{J nra;) Aq;fs;�vd;W nrhd;dNghJ ,g;yPi]j; jtpu kw;w midtUk; rpuk; gzpe;jdh;. mtd;(,g;yP]{) kWj;jhd;: MztKk; nfhz;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mtd; fh/gph;fisr;rhh;e;jtdhfp tpl;lhd;."((mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 34tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhopahf;fj;ij ehk; NkNyhl;lkhfg; gbj;jg; ghh;j;jhy; -,g;yP]{k; kyf;F ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; jhNdh vd;W ek;ik vz;zj; J}z;Lk;. mUs;kiwFh;Md; mugp nkhopapy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. mugp ,yf;fzj;jpy; xUfl;lisia gpd;gw;Wtjw;nfd;W Xh; Kiw cs;sJ. mjw;F “'jf;yPj;" vd;W ngah;. Nkw;gbKiwg;gb - ngUk;ghyhdth;fSf;F tpjpf;fg; glf;$ba fl;lis -rpWghd;ikahfcs;sth;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F 100 khzth;fs; cs;s xU tFg;giwapy; 99 Ngh;Mz;fSk; kPjp xUth; khj;jpuk; ngz;dzhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.Mz; khzth;fs; midtUk; vOe;jpUq;fs; vd;W ehd; mugp nkhopapy; nrhd;dhy;> mJtFg;giwapy; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; ngz; khztpf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ngz; khztpAk; vOe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ehd; mugpapy; jdpahfr; nrhy;y Ntz;ba fl;lhak; ,y;iy.

mJNghyj;jhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdj;jpYk;> my;yh`; kyf;FfSf;Ffl;lisapLk;NghJ - ,g;yP]{k; mq;F ,Ue;jjhy; - ,g;yP]{f;F vd;W jdpahf fl;lisaplNtz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. mt;thW ,g;yP]{f;F vd;W jdpahf fl;lis ,lhj fhuzj;jhy; -,g;yP]{k; - kyf;F ,dNkh vd;W ek;ik vz;zj; J}z;LfpwJ. Mdhy; ,g;y{]; kyf;F,dk; ,y;iy. mtd; [pd; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;gJ mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 18tJmj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdj;jpypUe;J ehk; njspthf mwpayhk;. mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; kw;w ve;j trdj;jpYk; ,g;y{]; kyf;F ,dk; vd;W Fwpg;gpltpy;iy vd;gjhYk;>mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdk; ,g;yP]{ [pd;,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;W njspthf Fwpg;gpLtjhYk; - ,g;yP]{ [pd; ,dj;ijr;rhh;e;jtd;jhd; vd;gij ehk; njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

3. [pd;fSf;F my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;fNth my;yJ Vw;fhky; ,Uf;fNth cs;sRje;jpuk; cz;L.

mLj;J [pd;fs; Rje;jpukhdit. mitfs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;W elf;fNth my;yJmy;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia epuhfhpf;fNth cs;s chpik cz;L. Mdhy; kyf;FfSf;Fmy;yh`; mw;j chpikia toq;ftpy;iy. kyf;Ffs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia mg;gbNa Vw;Wnray;glf; $bait. vdNy ,g;yP]; kyf;F ,dkhf ,Ue;jhy;> my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisiaepuhfhpf;Fk; nraYf;Nf ,lkpy;iy. ,t;thW my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia ,g;yP]; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shky; epuhfhpj;jjpypUe;Jk; - ,g;yP]; kyf;F ,dky;y. [pd; ,dk;jhd; vd;gij ehk;njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 18

gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs;,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gbthhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba nrhj;Jxd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj; njhpatpy;iyvd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh?.

32

gjpy;:

thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPo;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s trdq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd:

mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 180 tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 240 tJ trdk;mj;jpahak; ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 7tJ trdk; Kjy; 9tJ trdk; tiumj;jpahak; ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 19tJ trdKk; 33tJ trdKk;mj;jpahak; Ie;J ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 105tJ trdKk; 108tJ trdKk;.

thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJmj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; ep\htpd; 11tJ trdKk;> 12tJ trdKk;> 176tJ trdKk; kpfj;njspthd tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;wd.

gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hp Fwpg;gpLk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;ep\htpd; 11tJ trdj;ijAk;> 12tJ trdj;ijAk; ehk; ,g;NghJ Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

'cq;fs; kf;fspy; Xh; MZf;F ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gq;F Nghd;wJfpilf;Fk; vd;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;whd;: ngz;fs; kl;Lk;,Ue;J mth;fs; ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;bUe;jhy; mth;fSf;F ,we;JNghdth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfk; fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; xNungz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mts; gq;F ghjpahFk;> ,we;jtUf;F Foe;ij,Uf;Fkhdhy; ,we;jth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; Mwpy; xU ghfk; (mtuJ) ngw;Nwhh;xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,we;jtUf;F Foe;ij ,y;yhjpUe;J ngw;Nwhh;khj;jpuNk thhprhf ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F %d;wpy; xU ghfk; (kPjp je;ijf;FchpajhFk;): ,we;jtUf;F rNfhjuh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F Mwpy; xU ghfk;jhd; (kPjp je;ijf;Fr; NrUk;). ,t;thW gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ mth; nra;Js;skuz rh]dj;ijAk; flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh; jhd;: cq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fSk;Foe;ijfSk; ,th;fspy; ahh; ed;ik gag;gjpy; cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhf,Ug;gth;fs; vd;W ePq;fs; mwpakhl;Bh;fs;: Mifapdhy; (,e;j ghfg; gphptpid)my;yh`;tplkpUe;J te;j fl;lsiahFk;: epr;rakhf my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;)ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk; kpf;f QhdKila tdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;."

,d;Dk; cq;fs; kidtpah; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; - mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is,y;yhjpUe;jhy; cq;fSf;Fg; ghjp ghfk; cz;L: mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wtw;wpypUe;J cq;fSf;F fhy; ghfk;jhd; - (,JTk;)mth;fs; nra;jpUf;fpw kuz rh]dj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh; jhd;- jtpu cq;fSf;Fg; gps;isapy;yhjpUg;gpd; ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w jpypUe;Jmth;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk; jhd;> cq;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;jhy; mg;NghJmth;fSf;F ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; vl;by; xU ghfk; jhd;: (,JTk;) ePq;fs;nra;jpUf;Fk; kuz rh]dj;ijAk; flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dNu jhd;: je;ij>ghl;ld; Nghd;w Kd; thhpRfNsh my;yJ gps;is Ngud; Nghd;w gpd;thhpRfNsh,y;yhj Xh; MNzh my;yJ xU ngz;Nzh ,th;fSf;F xU rNfhjuNdhmy;yJ xU rNfhjhpNah ,Ue;jhy; - mth;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Mwpy; xU ghfk;cz;L> Mdhy; ,jw;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; %d;wpy; xU ghfj;jpy;rkkhfg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (,JTk;) mth;fspd; kuz rh]dKk;flDk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;: Mdhy; (kuz rh]dj;ijf; nfhz;LthhpRfs;)vtUf;Fk; e\;lk; Vw;glf; $lhJ> (,J) my;yh`;tpdhy;

33

tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,d;Dk; my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk> kpf;fnghWikAilNahDkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;Md; 4tJ mj;jpahak;]}uj;Jd; dp]htpd; 11 kw;Wk; 12 tJ trdq;fs;).

thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp ,];yhk; kpfTk; tphpthfnjhptpf;fpd;wJ. thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wpa Kf;fpa gFjpiakhj;jpuk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhd;d Kf;fpa gFjpapd;tpsf;fq;fq;fis ehk; `jP];fspy; - mjhtJ K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topfhl;Ljypy;,Ue;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

,];yhk; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpl;L toq;FtJ gw;wpa rl;lq;fspd; KOtpguq;fisAk; ehk; Ma;T nra;a Kad;Nwhk; vdpy; - xU kdpjd; jd; tho;ehs; KOtijAk;nryT nra;J - Ma;T nra;af; $ba mstpw;F cz;lhd nra;jpfs; mjpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.,];yhk; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpl;L toq;FtJ gw;wpa rl;lj;jpd; mbg;giljj;Jtq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;s tpUk;ghj gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hp> mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;,uz;L trdq;fis NknyOe;jthhpahf gbj;Jtpl;L> mjd; KO rl;lj;ijAk; njhpe;J nfhs;stpUk;Gfpwhh;.

NkNy Fwpg;gplgl;lthpd; Kaw;rpahdJ - fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gilj; jj;Jtj;ij mwpahj xUth;>gpd;df; fzf;Ffis rhpnra;a Kaw;rp nra;tJ Nghd;wjhFk;. fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gil jj;jtk;“B O D M A S” vd;gjhFk;. xU gpd;df; fzf;if Kiwg;gb rhp nra;a> gpd;df; fzf;fpy; -ve;j fzf;Ff;Fwp Kjypy; te;jhYk; - fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gil jj;Jtk; “B O D M A S”Kiwapy;jhd; gpd;df; fzf;if rhp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

1. Brackets Off - milg;Gf; Fwpfs; ePf;fg;gLjy;

2. Division - tFj;jy;3. Multification - ngUf;fy;4. Addition - $l;ly;5. Subtraction - fopj;jy;.

mUz;#hp gpd;df; fzf;fpd; mbg;gil jj;Jtk; “B O D M A S” gw;wp mwpahjtuhf ,Ug;gjhy; -Kjypy; ngUf;fiyAk; - ,uz;lhtjhf fopj;jiyAk; - %d;whtjhf milg;Gf; FwpfisePf;FjiyAk; - ehd;fhtjhf tFj;jiyAk; - filrpapy; $l;liyAk; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;. vdNtmtUf;F fpilf;Fk; tpil epr;rakhf jtwhdjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;L toq;Fjy; gw;wpa trdq;fspy;(Al – Quran 4: 11, 12) Kjypy; gps;isfSf;F fpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;F> gpd;dh; ngw;NwhUf;Ffpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;F kw;Wk; fztUf;Nfh my;yJ kidtpf;Nfh (Spouse) fpilf;f Ntz;bagq;Ffis gw;wp njhptpj;jhYk;> ,];yhkpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lg;gb - Kjypy; nfhLf;f Ntz;bafld;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; fztUf;Nfh my;yJ kidtpf;Nfh (Spouse)nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gq;FfSk; - ngw;NwhUf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gq;FfSk;nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb gq;fPL - ,we;jth; gps;isfs; cs;stuh? - ,y;iyah?vd;gijAk;> mthplk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tifapy; nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fPL nra;j gpd;G> NkYk;nrhj;Jf;fs; vQ;rpapUf;fpwjh vd;gijAk; nghUj;jJ. NkYk; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; nrhj;Jf;fs;mtuJ Mz; thhpRfSf;Fk; - ngz; thhpRfSf;Fk; chpa Kiwg;gb gq;fPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nkw;gb ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; nrhj;Jf;fs; gq;fPL nra;ag;gLk; nghOJ jtWfs; tUtjw;Ftha;g;Ng ,y;iy. fzpjtpay; njhpahjtd; my;yh`; my;y. fzpjtpay; mwpahjth;gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpjhd;.

34

Nfs;tp vz;: 19

Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd;. kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;WFwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk;Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh?. ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?.

1. my;yh`; mstpyh fUizahsd;..!

my;yh`; mstpyh fUizahsd; - vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gyKiw $WfpwJ. mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; 114 mj;jpahaq;fspy; xNunahU mj;jpahak; (mj;jpahak; 9 ]{uj;Jj; njsgh)itj;jtpu> kw;w midj;J mj;jpahaq;fSk; “'gp];kpy;yh `ph; u`;khdph; u`Pk;" - vd;fpw mofpathf;fpaj;NjhL Muk;gkhfpd;wd. “'gp];kpy;yh `ph; u`;khdph; u`Pk;" - vd;fpw mugpg; gjj;jpd;nghUs; - mstpyh fUizAk;> ,izapyh fpUigAKila my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; -vd;gjhFk;.

2. my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; cs;s Vuhskhd trdq;fs; my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsd; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.Fwpg;ghf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 25tJ trdKk;>Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 74tJ trdKk; fPo; fz;lthW $Wfpd;wd.'..,d;Dk; my;yh`; kd;dpg;NghdhfTk;> kpf;f fUizAilNahdhfTk;,Uf;fpd;whd;". (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 25tJ trdk;)'..my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpg;gtdhfTk;> ngUk; fUizahsdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.."(mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 74tJ trdk;).

3. my;yh`; jz;lid ngwj; jFjpahdth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;Ffpwhd;.

my;yh`; fUizahsdhfTk;> kd;dpg;NghdhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; - jz;lid ngwj;jFjpahdth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;Ftjpy; tpjptpyf;fpy;yhky; jz;lidtoq;Ffpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; gytw;wpy; ,iw tpRthrk;nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fk;> ,iw cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fk; fLikahd jz;lidcz;L vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;f kWj;jth;fSf;F fLikahdjz;lid cz;L vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs;my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;f kWj;jth;fSf;F eufj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; fLikahdjz;lidfspd; tiffs; vd;d?. mitfs; vt;thW toq;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

'ahh; ek; Ntj trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fis ehk; epr;rakhfeufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;: mth;fs; Njhy;fs; fUfptpLk; Nghnjy;yhk; mitay;yh(NtW) Njhy;fis> mth;fs; Ntjidia mDgtpg;gjw;nfd> mth;fSf;F ehk;khw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ug;Nghk; - epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpifj;jtdhfTk;>QhdKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jdpdp]h 56tJ mj;jpahak;)

4. my;yh`; ePjpahsd;.

my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsdh?. ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh? vd;gNj ,q;F Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tp. ,q;FxU Kf;fpakhd fUj;ij ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yh`; kd;dpg;gtd;. kpf;ffUizahsd;. mNj Neuj;jpy; my;yh`; ePjp ghpghypg;gtDk; Mthd;. vdNt ePjpghpghypf;fg;gl ntz;Lnkdpy;> epuhfhpg;gth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;fpNaj; jPuNtz;Lk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp\htpd; 40tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthWFwpg;gpLfpwJ.

35

'epr;rakhf my;yh`; (vtUf;Fk;) xU mZtsT $l mepahak; nra;a khl;lhd;;"(mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 40tJ trdk;).

NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 47tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

',d;Dk; fpahk ehspy; kpfj; Jy;ypakhd juhRfisNa ehk; itg;Nghk;. vdNtve;j Xh; Mj;khTk; xU rpwpJk; mepahak; nra;ag;gl khl;lhJ: NkYk; (ed;ik>jPikapy;) xU fLF msT vilapUg;gpDk;> mjidAk; ehk; (fzf;fpy;) nfhz;LtUNthk;. mt;thW fzf;nfLf;f ehNk NghJk;". (mj;jpahak; 21 ]_uj;Jy; md;gpah47tJ trdk;)

5. Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;Fk; khztid - kd;dpf;ff;$ba Mrphpah; Xh; cjhuzk;:

Mrphpah; xUth; Njh;T ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ khztd; xUtd; fhg;gp mbg;gij ifAk;fsTkhf gpbj;J tpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mrphpah; fUiz cs;sk;nfhz;lth;. kd;dpf;Fk; kNdh gf;FtKk; cs;sth;. vdNt njhlh;e;J fhg;gp mbf;fkhztid mDkjpj;J tpLfpwhh; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mrphpaiu fUiz cs;sk;nfhz;lth; vd;Wk;> kd;dpf;Fk; kNdh gf;Ftk; cs;sth; vd;Wk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; mNjNtisapy;> ,uT KOtJk; fz; tpopj;J gbj;J tpl;L te;J Njh;T vOJk; kw;w khzth;fs;Mrphpaiu mepahaf;fhuh; vd;W miog;ghh;fs;. Mrphpahpd; fUizAs;sk; NkYk; gy khzth;fisNjh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;fj; J}z;Lk;. ,JNghy vy;yh Mrphpah;fSk; fUizAs;sk; nfhz;Lkhzth;fis Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;f mDkjpj;jhy;> vy;yh khzth;fsplKk; Njh;Tf;fhf gbj;JvOJk; gof;fk; khwp> fhg;gp mbf;Fk; gof;fk; cUthFk;. fhg;gp mbj;jjhy; vy;yhkhzth;fSk; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw;W Njh;r;rp ngWthh;fs;. njhptpaypy; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs;ngw;W ntw;wp ngWk; khzth;fs;> eilKiw thof;ifapy; Njhy;tpiaj;jhd; re;jpg;ghh;fs;.khzth;fSf;fhf Njh;T elj;Jtjpd; KO Nehf;fKk; Njhy;tpiaj; jOTk; vd;gJ epr;rak;.

6. kdpjDila ,t;Tyf tho;f;if> kWik tho;f;iff;fhd Njh;T.

ek;Kila ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifahdJ kWik tho;f;iff;F chpa Njh;Tjhd;. mUs;kiwFh;Mdpd; 67tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; Ky;f; - d; 2tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'cq;fspy; vth; nray;fshy; kpfTk; mofhdth; vd;gijr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf mtd;> kuzj;ijAk;tho;itAk; gilj;jhd;: NkYk;> mtd; (ahtiuAk;) kpifj;jtd;: kpf kd;dpg;gtd;". (mj;jpahak;67 ]_uj;Jy; Ky;f; - 2tJ trdk;).

7. my;yh`; vy;yh kdpjh;fisAk; jz;lid mspf;fhky;> kd;dpj;J tpLtjhf ,Ue;jhy;ahh;jhd; my;yh`;Tf;F mbgzpthh;?.

my;yh`; ve;j kdpjUf;Fk; jz;lid mspg;gjpy;iy. vy;yh kdpjh;fSf;fk; kd;dpg;gspj;Jtpl;L tpLthd; vd;fpw epiy ,Uf;Fk; vdpy; - kdpjh;fs; Vd; my;yh`;Tf;F mb gzpe;Jelf;f Ntz;Lk;?. ahUk; eufj;Jf;F Nghfkhl;lhh;fs; vd;gij ehDk; Mjhpf;fpNwd;. Mdhy;kdpjh;fs; thOk; ,e;j cyfk; my;yth eufkhfg; khwp tpLk;. vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ghugl;rkpd;wpnrhh;f;fj;jpw;Fj;jhd; nry;thh;fs; vdpy; - kdpjd; ,t;Tyfpy; gilf;fg; gl;ljpd; Nehf;fk;jhd;vd;d? vdNt ,t;Tyf tho;f;if vd;gJ kWik tho;f;iff;F cz;lhd xU Njh;Ntad;wp -Ntwpy;iy.

8. my;yh`; - jd; fl;lisfSf;Ff; fPo; gbfpwth;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; kd;dpg;G toq;Fthd;.

my;yh`; - jd; fl;lisffSf;Ff; fPo; gbfpwth;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; kd;dpg;G toq;Fthd;.mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 39tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J[; [{khpd; 53 Kjy; 55tJ trdq;fs; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

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'vd; mbahh;fNs!. (cq;fspy;) vtUk; tuk;G kPwp jkf;Fj;jhNk jPq;fpioj;Jf;nfhz;l NghjpYk;> my;yh`;Tila u`;kj;jpy; mth; ek;gpf;ifapof;f Ntz;lhk;.epr;rakhf my;yh`; ghtq;fs; ahitAk; kd;dpg;ghd; - epr;rakhf mtd; kpf;fkd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f fUizAilatd; (vd;W ehd; $wpaij egpNa!) ePh;$WtPuhf." MfNt (kdpjh;fNs!) cq;fSf;F Ntjid tUk; Kd;dNu ePq;fs;>cq;fs; ,iwtd; ghy; jpUk;gp> mtDf;Nf Kw;wpYk; topgLq;fs;: (Ntjid te;Jtpl;;lhy;) gpd;G ePq;fs; cjtp nra;ag;gl khl;Bh;fs;. ePq;fs; mwpahj tpjj;jpy;>jpBnud cq;fsplk; Ntjid tUk;Kd;dNu> cq;fs; ,witdhy;cq;fSf;fUsg;gl;l mofhdtw;iw gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. (mj;jpahak; 39 ]_uj;Jy; [_kh; -53 Kjy; 55tJ tiuAs;s trdq;fs;).

ele;j jtwpypUe;J jpUe;JtJ vd;gJ ehd;F tifahFk;:1. Kjypy; ePq;fs; nra;Ak; jtwhd nray;fs; ey;yJ ,y;iy vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.2. ,uz;lhtjhf nra;Ak; jtWfis cldbahf epWj;Jq;fs;.3. %d;wtjhf ePq;fs; nra;j jtWfis ,dp xUNghJk; nra;ahjPh;fs;.4. nra;j jtWfSf;fhf ghpfhuk; NjLq;fs;;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 20

,iwtd;> “'fh/gph;fspd;" (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNtmth;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." vd;fpwhd;. nra;jpfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L - ek;gpf;ifnfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ - kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y vd;gJ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk; mwptpay;cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?.

gjpy;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 6 kw;Wk; 7tJ trdq;fs; fPo;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wd:

'epr;rakhf fh/gph;fis (,iwtid epuhfhpg;Nghiu) ePh; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpj;jhYk;(rhp) my;yJ vr;rhpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhpNa! mth;fs; <khd; (,iw ek;gpf;if)nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." my;yh`; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fspYk;> mth;fspd;nrtpg;Gyd;fspYk; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; ghh;it kPJ xUjpiu fplf;fpwJ: NkYk; mth;fSf;Ff; fLikahd NtjidAKz;L." (mj;jpahak; 2]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 6 kw;Wk; 7Mk; trdq;fs;)

2. mugp thh;j;ijahd “'fy;g;" vd;gjw;F mwpTj;jpwd; vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L.

Nkw;gb mUs;kiw trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; mugp thh;j;ijahd “'fy;g;" vd;gjw;F,jak; vd;w nghUs; jtpu> mwpTj;jpwd; vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L. vdNt Nkw;fz;l trdj;jpw;Fmy;yh`; - ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; -mwpTj;jpwd; kPJ Kj;jpiuapl;L tpl;lhd; vdNt mth;fs;Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk; khl;lhh;fs; - ,iw ek;gpf;if nfhs;sTk; khl;lh;fs; - vd;W nghUs;nfhs;tNj rhpahdJ.

3. mugp nkhopapy; ,jak; vd;gjw;F Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ikak; vd;Wk; nghUs;nfhs;syhk;.

mugp nkhopapy; xUthpd; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ikaj;ij Fwpg;gpLtjw;F “'fy;g;" (cs;sk;)vd;w thh;j;ijiaAk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;.

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4. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; Vuhskhd thh;j;ijfs; - vOj;jpy; xU mh;j;jj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;- mitfis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ khw;W mh;j;jj;ij juf;$ba thh;j;ijfs; Vuhsk;cs;sd.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; “'Ydhbf;" (Lunatic) vd;w thh;j;ij epyT rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ MFk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gbthh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F kdeyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd;fpw nghUspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.epyTf;Fk; - kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk;mwpNthk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F rpfpr;ir nra;af; $ba kUj;Jth; $lNkw;gb thh;j;ijia rh;t rhjhuzkhf gad;gLj;Jtij ghh;f;fpNwhk;. nkhopg; ghpzhkj;jpy; ,JNghd;w epfo;Tfs; vd;gJ rhjhuzk;.

B. b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;gJ xU el;rj;jpuk;.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;why; xU jPa el;rj;jpuk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij,d;iwf;F jpBnud Njhd;Wk; xU Jh;mjph;\;lk; my;yJ ngUe;Jauk; vd;w nghUspy;gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;w el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fk;> ngUe;Jauj;jpw;Fk; ve;jnjhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpNthk;.

C. buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;F %d;W rhiyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; vd;WnghUs;.

buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;F %d;W rhiyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; vd;W nghUs;.Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;yhj tp\aq;fs; vd;w nghUspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;Fk; - Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;yhjtp\aq;fSf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gJ ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpNthk;.

D. rd;iu]; (Sunrise) kw;Wk; rd;nrl; (Sunset)rd;iu]; (Sunrise) vd;why; Neub nghUs; nfhs;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; #hpad; NknyOtJ vd;WnghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> #hpa cjaj;jpd; NghJ cz;ikapNyNa #hpad;NknyOfpwjh vd;why; - ,y;iy. khwhf g+kp Roy;tjhy; cs;s khw;wj;jhy; #hpad;NknyOtJ Nghd;Wk; - #hpad; kiwtJ Nghd;Wk; njhpfpwNjj; jtpu> cz;ikapy; #hpad;NknyOtNjh my;yJ kiwtNjh ,y;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ,d;iwf;Fk; ehk; rd;iu]; (Sunrise)kw;Wk; rd;nrl; (Sunset) vd;fpw Mq;fpy thh;j;ijfis #hpad; nknyOtJ - #hpad; kiwtJNghd;w nghUspy;jhd; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

5. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; ,jak;jhd; md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; - czh;r;rptag; gLtjw;Fk; ikakhffUjg;gLfpwJ.

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; “Heart” mjhtJ ,jak; vd;why; ,uj;jj;ij Xlr; nra;Ak; Xh; clYWg;Gvd;gij ehk; vy;NyhUk; mwpNthk;. Mdhy; “Heart” mjhtJ ,jak; vd;fpw thh;j;ijepidg;gjw;Fk;> md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk;> czh;r;rp tag;gLtjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;w nghUspy;gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,d;iwf;F epidg;gjw;Fk;> md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk;> czh;r;rptag;gLtjw;Fk; gad;glf;$ba kdpj cWg;G %is vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;.,Ug;gpDk;> jdJ czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;j tpUk;Gk; kdpjd;> “'ehd; cd;id vdJ,jaj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J tpUk;GfpNwd;" vd;W nrhy;yf; Nfl;fpNwhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xUmwptpay; mwpQh; jdJ kidtpaplk; “ehd; cd;id vdJ ,jaj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;JtpUk;GfpNwd;> vd;W nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. clNd mtuJ kidtpnrhy;fpwhh;> 'cq;fSf;F mbg;gil mwptpay; mwpT $lf; fpilahjh?. md;G nrYj;JtJ%isNaj; jtpu> ,jak; ,y;iy?. ePq;fs; cq;fs; %isapd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J vd;idtpUk;Gtjhfj;jhd; nrhy;ypapUf;f Ntz;Lk;? vd;W gjpyspj;jhy; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fw;gidnra;J ghUq;fs;.

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6. 'fy;g;" mjhtJ ,jak; vd;gjw;F rpe;jpg;ajw;Fk;> czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpa ikak;vd;w nghUs; vd;gJ mugpnkhop njhpe;j midtUk; mwpe;jNj.

'fy;g;" mjhtJ ,jak; vd;gjw;F rpe;jpg;ajw;Fk;> czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;wnghUs; vd;gij mugp nkhop mwpe;jth;fs;; njhpe;jpUg;gjhy; my;yh`; Vd; epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;,jq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd; vd;w Nfs;tpia mugp nkhop mwpe;j vtUk;Nfl;gjpy;iy.