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•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •1
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Thomas E Watson, P.E.
Member SSPC-188
December 8, 2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015Legionellosis: Risk Management for
Building Water Systems
Published June 26, 2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Learning Outcomes
� Understand history of Legionnaires Disease
� Know Principles of ANSI/ASHRAE Standards Development
� Basics of ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
� Purpose & Scope
� Framework for Legionella bacteria Control Measures
� Health Care facility Requirements
� Requirements for WMP for Specific devices such as cooling
towers, ornamental fountains, spas, etc.
� Elements of a Water Management Plan
� Designer requirements
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Background
� While Legionnaire's disease has been known for many years, recent outbreaks have increased awareness of the disease, its causes and prevention strategies
� The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
� Estimates 8,000 - 18,000 cases of LD in the USA
� More than 10% of these cases are fatal
� ASHRAE providing information on Legionella since 1979 in response to the first Legionnaire’s disease outbreak in 1976 and the subsequent discovery by the CDC of the causative bacteria – Legionella
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •2
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
1. Legionella: the name for the genus (a major
classification) of bacteria. Legionellae is the
plural – referring to more than one Legionella
bacterium.
2. Legionellosis: any illness caused by the
exposure to Legionella. Legionnaires’ Disease
(LD) and Pontiac Fever (PF) are the two most
common types of legionellosis.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
34 Deaths!221 Sick!
Legionnaires’ Disease
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
… that Legionnaires’ disease
is caused by (an aquatic)
BACTERIA!
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •3
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
► Mild, Flu-like illness – without pneumonia
► Appears <1 - 3 days after exposure
► Lasts up to 5 days – generally less
► Does not require hospitalization
► Susceptibility: ~95% (+/-) of those exposed
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
► Potentially fatal, multi-system respiratory illness, accompanied by pneumonia
► Symptoms: high fever, chills, muscle pain,
headache & dry cough; diarrhea, vomiting, confusion & delirium are also common
► Appears 2-10 days after exposure
► Recovery can be long-term & debilitating
► Susceptibility: ~5% (+/-) of those exposed
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
�One of 58 named Legionella Species
�The Species Responsible for ~ 90%
of Legionellosis Cases
�Has 15+ Serogroups
�The Major Infectious Lp Serogroup is Serogroup 1 (Lp1)
Legionella pneumophila
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •4
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
(2) ContainingAmplified &Virulent LB
(3) Inhaled or
Aspirated by
‘At-Risk’ Host
(1) Water/SoilAerosols
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •5
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
‘Weakened Immune Systems’
► Immune Suppressed (Transplants,
Cancer, Cardiac, Steroids)
► Sick / In Poor Health
► Elderly / Infirm
► Heavy Smokers, Lung Disease
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
We continue to learn about Legionella –
and have the 1st ANSI Standard to address Legionellosis – ASHRAE Standard 188!
39 Years Later (2015)
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Legionnaires' outbreak widens to 12 dead in New York …
► 128 Cases Reported with 12 Deaths . . . Officials say the outbreak is
centered on the area near the Opera House Hotel in the South Bronx
August 11, 2015
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •6
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
9/30/20159/30/2015Another Outbreak in NYC
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
With 12 confirmed dead and more than 120 cases of infection due to legionellosis, New York City Council on Thursday adopted legislation that requires adherence to part of ASHRAE’s newly published Legionella standard.
The legislation addresses registration and inspection of cooling towers. It requires owners to create and file a plan to maintain equipment to comply with Sections 5, 6
and 7.2 of the new ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015 /
Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems.
Standard 188 Adopted in New York City
Aug 17, 2015
Contact: Jodi Scott
ASHRAE Public Relations
678-539-1140 / [email protected]
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
CDC: In What Facilities Does LD Appear?
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •7
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ASHRAE Standards Development
�Consensus through participation and public review
�Consensus = substantial agreement but not unanimity
�Balance of interest categories
�Legionella & water treatment specialists, consulting engineers,
health professionals, building owners & operators, manufacturers, government officials, and others
from around the world
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Voting Professional Organizations on SSPC-188:
AWT: Association of Water Technologies
APIC: Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology
ASHE: American Society for Healthcare Engineering
ASPE: American Society of Plumbing Engineers
CDC: Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
IAPMO: International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
NSF International
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ASHRAE develops three types of voluntary consensus standards accredited by the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI):
1) Method of Measurement or Test2) Standard Design3) Standard Practice
ASHRAE Standard Development
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •8
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ASHRAE Standards – Special Note:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
*Feb 2005
SPC-188 began
meeting
October 2010
Draft 1released (+ PR/1)
June 2011
Draft 2released (+ PR/2)
January 2013
Draft 3released (+ PR/3)
Sept 2014
Draft 4released (+ PR/4)
March 2015
Draft 5released (+ PR/5)
June 4, 2015
Approved by ASHRAE
board
June 26, 2015
Finalized Standard 188-2015
*Feb 2005: 1st meeting was GPC-12 (guideline), later as SPC-188
PR = Public Reviews (required by the ANSI/ASHRAE process)
1 2 3 4 5 OK
Standard 188 Development History
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •9
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Standard 188 ‘Evolved’ from ASHRAE
Guideline 12
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
The SPC188 Team …‘Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems’
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •10
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
►►►► PURPOSE: Establish minimum Legionellosis risk management requirements for building water systems.►►►► SCOPE:
1) … for design, construction, commissioning, operation,
maintenance, repair, replacement, and expansion of new and existing buildings and their associated water systems
2) … applies to human-occupied commercial, institutional, multi-unit
residential, and industrial buildings ... does not include single-family residential buildings
3) … for use by owners & managers of human-occupied buildings, excluding single-family residential buildings ... also for those involved
in design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation,
maintenance & service of centralized building water systems and components
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Compliance with Standard 188 will
require facility owners (managers) to:
1���� Establish a Team with assignedresponsibilities & accountabilities
2���� Have, Practice, & Audit aWater Management Plan forlegionellosis risk management oftheir building water systems
Describe Water System
Access the Hazard
Establish HazardControls
Audit the Plan
In a Nutshell
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ASHRAE gives a framework, but the Team must
develop specific LB control measures for:
• New Construction
• Siting
• Startup and Shutdown
• Inspections
• Maintenance
• Cleaning and Disinfection
• Monitoring (e.g., temperatures; disinfectant levels)
• Water Treatment
• Responding to Legionnaires' disease
???
ASHRAE 188-2015:Control Measures
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •11
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
SECTION PAGE
Foreword 2
1. Purpose 2
2. Scope 2
3. Definitions 2
4. Compliance 3
5. Building Survey 4
6. General Requirements 4
7. Requirements for Building Water Systems 6
8. Requirements for Designing Building Water Systems 10
9. References 11
Normative Annex A: Health Care Facilities 12
Informative Annex B: Bibliography 15
Informative Annex C:Guidance if Legionella Testing is Utilized 16
WMP �
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
4.1 Building Designer Requirements
(compliant survey per Sec.5; comply w/Sec.8)
4.2 Building Owner Requirements
(compliant survey per Sec.5; comply w/Sec.6 & 7)
4.3 Health Care Facility Requirements
(comply with Sec. 4.2, 6 & 7 OR with Annex A)
Section 4. Compliance
188 compliance requires Section 5 surveys be repeated (at least)
annually, fully documented & available for review at any time.
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Section 4.3 Health Care Facility Requirements
188 compliance for Health Care Facilities is ultimately
one of two paths: Sections 4.2, 6 & 7 – OR – Annex A
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
4.3.2 Health care facilities that meet all of the following qualifications shall comply with either the requirements in Sections 4.2, 6, and 7 or the requirements in Normative Annex A, “Health Care Facilities”:
4.3.1 Health care facilities that do not meet all of the qualifications of Section 4.3.2 shall comply with the requirements in Sections 4.2, 6, and 7.
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •12
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
4.3.2 ���� Qualifications for Health Care Facilities:
(a)… the health care facility is accredited by anaccrediting agency or by the authority havingjurisdiction (AHJ) over the health care IC activities.
(b)… the health care facility IC program has a certified infection preventionist … or the health care facility has an epidemiologist with a minimum master’s degree or equivalent.
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
Compliance for Health Care Facilities via Annex A of
the standard requires (a) and (b) above
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
5.1 ���� Determine whether it has one or more:
(a)… cooling towers or evaporative condensers thatprovide cooling and/or refrigeration for the HVAC&Ror other systems;
(b)… whirlpools or spas either in the building or onsite;
(c)… ornamental fountains, misters, atomizers, air washers, humidifiers, or other nonpotable water systems or devices that release water aerosols in the building or on the site.
Section 5. Building Survey
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Implement a “Water Management
Program” (WMP) for …
• Cooling Towers
• Whirlpool Spas
• Ornamental Fountains
• Misters, Air Washers, Atomizers, Humidifiers
• Other Devices that release water droplets
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •13
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
• Multiple housing units with a centralized hot water system,
• More than ten stories,
• Housing designated for people over 65 years of age,
• Patients staying more than 24 hours,
• An area housing or treating people with certain risk factors …
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
Implement a WMP for Plumbing Ssystems if a building is
characterized with any one of the following:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Implement a WMP
for plumbing systems
if a building has an
area for Housing or
Treating people …
• for burns, cancer chemotherapy, or solid organ or bone marrow transplantation
• that are immunocompromised or otherwise more susceptible than the general population because of age, health, medication, occupation, drug treatment, or smoking
• that have renal disease, diabetes, or chronic lung disease
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Section 6. General Requirements
6.1 � Principles of a Water Management Program
6.1.1-6.1.7: outline of risk management principles
6.2 � Program Development
6.2.1-6.2.9: detail of management program development
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
Section 6 is all about the ‘Water Management Program’
(WMP)
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •14
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Figure 1.
Elements of a Water
Management Program
(WMP)
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015:
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
1. Control Limits 2. Monitoring Method
4. Corrective Actions
3. Monitoring Frequency
for each control point
where LB control is applied
for each control point
where LB control is applied
to be undertaken when
control measurement is
Out of Limitsfor each control point
where LB control is applied
CP
Establish for Each Control Point
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Water Management Plan: VALIDATION ����The process or evidence used to support that the hazard control strategies of
the plan are effective. Testing for the control of the hazard or assessment of technical, scientific, medical and other data that can be used to show that
control measures for the hazard are effective – i.e. no legionellosis;
…“Are you Doing the Right Thing – Does it Work?”
Water Management Plan: VERIFICATION ����The process and evidence used to support that compliance with the Plan is
being done – i.e. record-keeping, control monitoring, process procedures and other evaluations. It ensures that the Water Management Plan is being correctly
followed in practice;
… “Are you Doing what you Planned to Do?”
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •15
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Section 7. Requirements for Building Water
Systems
7.1 ���� Potable Water Systems
7.2 ���� Cooling Towers & Evaporative Condensers
7.3 ���� Whirlpool Spas
7.4 ���� Ornamental Fountains & Other Water Features
7.5 ���� Aerosol-Producing Misters, Atomizers, Air
Washers and Humidifiers
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
Section 7 is the more extensive & detailed part of the standard – that deals with the various potable & nonpotable water system requirements
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Section 8. Requirements for Designing
Building Water Systems
8.1 ���� General
8.2 ���� Final Installation Documents
8.3 ���� Balancing
8.4 ���� Commissioning
Section 8 deals with Legionellosis hazard considerations and the documentation required when designing for new construction, renovations, refurbishment, replacement, or repurposing of a facility.
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Designers must provide Documentation, Drawings,
and/or Instructions for …
• Filling & Draining
• Equipment Sizes
• Piping Layout
• System Materials
• Pipe Sizes
• Design Flow Rates
• Design Temperatures
• Impact of Heat Loss or Gain
• Monitoring & Control
• Code Compliance
• Operation & Maintenance
• Control System Operation
• Calibration
• Installation & Start-up
• Commissioning (including
Flushing & Disinfection)
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •16
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Designers must note locations of:
• Equipment
• Access (or note inadequate access)
• Filling and Draining
• Flushing
• Sampling
• Temperature monitoring
• Treatment
• No flow & Low Flow areas
• Outside Air Intakes
• Possible Cross Connections
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Prior to Occupancy…
• Balance the Water Systems
• Disinfect and flush no more
than 3 weeks before any part of the building is occupied for its intended
purpose
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Normative ANNEX A: Health Care Facilities
A1. Supplemental Definitions for Terms used in Annex A –
legionellosis risk management plan, designated team …
A2. Designated Team – senior organizational leadership+
A3. Water System Flow Diagram
A4. Risk Management Plan – legionellosis RM plan
A5. Existing Buildings, New Construction & Renovations
A6. Building Water System Procedures (Sec. 7 elements)
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
A6. is the more extensive & detailed part of Annex A – that deals with the various potable & nonpotable water system requirements
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •17
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Summary
� Legionella is everywhere
� Not simple – contributing factors:
� Environmental conditions
� Means of transmitting aerosol of water with LB
� Susceptible persons
� Cooling water & Potable Water systems important
� ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
� Owners & Managers
� Designers, Builders, Installers, Commissioning, O&M
� Must establish a Water Management Program
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Compliance with Standard 188 will
require facility owners (managers) to:
1���� Establish a Team with assignedresponsibilities & accountabilities
2���� Have, Practice, & Audit aWater Management Plan forlegionellosis risk management oftheir building water systems
Describe Water System
Access the Hazard
Establish HazardControls
Audit the Plan
In a Nutshell
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
►Establish a Knowledgeable Program Team
►Assess & Address LD Risk
►Develop Water Management Program
►Manage Buildings, Facilities and Water Systems to Reduce Risk of Legionellosis
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •18
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Slides adapted from…
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
► Standard 188 can be purchased from ASHRAE at:http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/products/1897561
► Standard 188 can be read for free from ASHRAE website under the Preview ASHRAE Standards, bottom left
of page, at:www.ashrae.org/standards
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
More on Standard 188 & Guideline 12
• AAS ASHRAE Learning Institute (ALI) Course
• Orlando at Winter Conference Jan 25th.
• Regionally @ later dates
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
Questions? & Discussion!
54
•Standard 188-2015 Presentation - TE
Watson
•Dec 8, 2015 •19
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE 188-2015
ASHRAE Headquarters / +404.636.8400
Standards & Guidelines: Stephanie Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards
+678.539.1143
Research: Mike Vaughn, Manager of Research and Technical Services
+678.539.1211
Technical Inquiries and Position Papers & Documents
Steve Hammerling, Assistant Manager of Research and Technical Services
+678.539.1158
Technology Department: Claire Ramspeck, Director
+678.539.1194
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188-2015